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equivalent to an affirmative; as, "I can not write no more =1 can write more. Hence, two negatives should never be employed to express a negation. Say "I want no assistance," not "I don't want no assistance." Two or more negatives, not contradictory, do not destroy the negative character of a sentence; as, "He will never consent, no, never, not he, nor I neither."

Rem. 5.--When the quality of an object, and not the manner of an action, is to be expressed, an adjective should be used as predicate; as, "He arrived safe," not "safely," "She looks beautiful,” not “beautifully.”

Rem. 6.—Though sanctioned by good authority, the use of from before whence, hence, and thence should be avoided. Say, "Whence came you?" not "From whence came you?”

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Rem. 7.—The word modified by an adverb is sometimes omitted; as, "Down, royal state!" Supply "fall." "Up in the morning early." Supply "get" or rise." "I'll hence to London." Supply "go." In some cases, adverbs thus used seem to have the force of verbs in the imperative mode, but not always. Up and out, followed by the preposition with, take the place of verbs in declarative sentences; as, "She up with her fist, and took him on the face."

Rem. 8.—There is frequently used as an expletive to introduce a sentence; as, "There was no grass there;" "There were three of us."

Rem. 9.—An adverbial phrase should not be parsed as a single word when its parts can be parsed separately; as, "They walked hand in hand." Place "with" before the phrase.

Rem. 10.—The comparative and superlative forms of adjectives, preceded by the definite article, are often used as adverbs; as, "The longer I study, the better I like it;" "He lives best who acts the noblest."

Rem. 11.—Adverbs should be so placed as to render the sentence clear, correct, and elegant. The sense intended to be conveyed depends on their position. Compare "He is thought to be generally honest," with "He is generally thought to be honest."

To be corrected.

EXERCISES.

1. He won't give me no satisfaction. 2. We did n't find nobody at home. 3. Nobody never saw such a crowd of people. 4. The

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nation never was more prosperous, nor never was more ungrateful. 5. Neither he, nor nobody else who do n't do no work, can have my vote.

6. The velvet feels smoothly. 7. He speaks slow and distinct. 8. The children all looked beautifully. 9. You did splendid last examination. 10. I am tolerable well, I thank you. 11. Sure, you don't mean to humbug me. 12. I scarce know what I am saying.

13. He did handsomer than he promised. 14. He out with his knife, and slashed right and left, (See Rem. 7.) 15. The dog grabbed him by the throat, and downed him. 16. I only want to borrow your umbrella.

17. The dog wanted in, but he now wants out. 18. There is nothing better pleases me than to see boys truthful. 19. There is still a wider field for enterprise in California. 20. It rains most every day. 21. I would not have believed no tongue but Hubert's.

To be parsed.

1. All the world was ours once more. 2. Up goes my grave Impudence to the maid. 3. I saw the blue Rhine sweep along. 4. Death erects his batteries right over against our homes. 5. Slowly the throng moves o'er the tomb-paved ground. 6. The complication of a town is often happily unraveled by starting from a main trunk.

7. Man desires not only to be loved, but to be lovely. 8. Westward the course of empire takes its way. 9. Your menaces move me not. 10. We see but dimly through the mists and vapors. 11. Man by man, and foot by foot, did the soldiers proceed over the Alps. 12. Finally, the war is already begun, and we must either conquer or perish. 13. He heaped up great riches, but passed his time miserably.

14. Night's candles are burnt out, and jocund Day, Stands tiptoe on the misty mountain's top.-Shakspeare.

15.

I'll look no more,

Lest my brain turn, and the deficient sight

Topple down headlong.

16. Not a word to each other; we kept the great paceNeck by neck, stride by stride, never changing our place.

Browning.

17. Who does the best his circumstance allows,
Does well, acts nobly, angels could no more.
Our outward act indeed admits restraint;
'Tis not in things o'er thought to domineer.

Guard well thy thought, our thoughts are heard in heaven.

Young.

215. Prepositions.

Rule XIX.-A preposition shows the relation of its object to the word upon which the latter depends.

Rem. 1.—The object of a preposition, as well as the preceding term of relation, often determines what preposition should be used; as, "He read to me about the war, with much feeling;" "He wrote to me in great haste concerning his losses."

Rem. 2.-Prepositions are frequently omitted; as, “He lives opposite [to] the court-house;" "Lend [to] me a pencil;" "His house is near [to] the river."

To be corrected and parsed.

EXERCISES.

1. The man is dependent on his relatives. 2. I differ with you on that point. 3. The man was killed by a sword and died with violence. 4. The two thieves divided the money among them. 5. During his life-time, he was twice shipwrecked.

6. Above the clouds and tempests' rage,

Across yon blue and radiant arch,

Upon their long, high pilgrimage,

I watched their glittering armies march.

216. Coördinate Connectives.

Rule XX.-Coördinate connectives join similar ele

ments.

Rem. 1.-Elements placed in the same relation or rank are similar; as, nouns or pronouns in the same case, verbs in the same construction, words, phrases, and clauses limiting the same term, &c.

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Rem. 2.-Conjunctions are sometimes omitted; as, "Had I the means, I would buy that farm" = If I had the means, &c. "He is rich, noble, wise, [and] generous."

Rem. 3.—In a series of similar terms, the conjunction is usually omitted, except between the last two; as, "Henry, Horace, and Samuel are my pupils." When great emphasis is required, the conjunction should be supplied; as, "You have been an honest, and a bold, and a faithful hound."

Rem. 4.—Dissimilar or disproportionate terms should never be joined by conjunctions; as, “I always have [been] and always shall be of this opinion."

Rem. 5.--Conjunctions are sometimes used as introductory words, either to awaken expectation, or to make the introduction of a sentence less abrupt; as, "And it came to pass in those days," &c.; "So you are going to New Orleans, it seems."

To be corrected and parsed.

EXERCISES..

1. We moved along silently and with caution. 2. To play is more pleasant than working. 3. They either could not, nor desired to learn. 4. He can brag, but is not able to do much. 5. That lot is preferable and cheaper than yours. 6. He looks as though he was hungry. 7. He has no love nor veneration for him.

8. I can not tell whether he has returned or not. 9. All were drowned save me. 10. Neither James or John came home yesterday. 11. I always desire and always wished for your society. 12. The boy would and did have his own way. 13. The parliament addressed the king, and has been prorogued the same day.

217. Subordinate Connectives.

Rule XXI.—Subordinate connectives join dissimilar elements.

Rem. 1.—A clause introduced by a subordinate connective performs the office of a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. The connective always unites the clause which it introduces to the word or phrase which is modified; as, "He said that he would come;" "The man whom you saw is the sheriff;" 'Do you know where I live?"

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Rem. 2.—A subordinate connective is almost invariably placed at the beginning of the clause which it introduces. When this clause is used as the subject of a sentence, or is put in apposition with a noun in any case, the connective is a mere introductory word; as, "That you have deceived me doth appear from this;" "The rumor that he is insane is unfounded."

EXERCISES.

To be parsed.

1. Come as the winds come, when navies are stranded. 2. I never thought that it could be so. 3. He locks the door after the horse is stolen. 4. I now know why you deceived me. 5. He will have friends wherever he may be.

6. I could distinguish the merchant to whom the ship was consigned. 7. However stern he may seem, he is a good man. 8. While there is life, there is hope. 9. Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy. 10. He rushes to the fray as if he were summoned to a banquet.

11. Whether the planets are inhabited, was discussed last evening. 12. I consent to the constitution, because I expect no better, and because I am not sure it is not the best. 13. I do not know where he is. 14. There was so much noise that I could not sleep

218. Interjections.

Rule XXII.—An interjection has no dependence upon other words.

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1. What! might Rome have been taken? 2. Ha! laughest thou, Lochiel, my vision to scorn? 3. Ho! warden! 4. Oh, fearful woe! 5. Ah, my saying was true.

6. Hark! hark! to God the chorus breaks.

7. Halloo! my

boys, halloo! 8. Pshaw! there's no distress in that. 9. Hem! what is it? 10. Aha, is that you?

11. Alas, poor Yorick! 12. Adieu, adieu, my native land!

13. Hark! they whisper: angels say,

Sister spirit, come away.

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