tant statement, a distinct speech, &c., should begin with a capital letter.

Ex.- -"When thou saidst, Seek ye my face, my heart said unto thee, Thy face, Lord, will I seek." "Dora said, 'My uncle took the boy.'" "One truth is clear: Whatever is, is right."

V. The first word in every line of poetry should begin with a capital letter.

Ex. "Put your best foot foremost, or I fear

That we shall miss the mail: and here it comes

With five at top; as quaint a four in hand

As you shall see-three piebalds and a roan."
"Faith, he's got the Knicker-
Bocker Magazine."

VI. Proper names of persons, places, months, days, &c., should begin with capital letters.

Ex.—James, Emma, Boston, July, Wednesday, James Monroe, O. W. Holmes.

VII. Titles of honor or distinction, used alone or ac companied by nouns, should begin with capital letters.

Ex.-Earl Russell; the Duke of York; Mr. Wilson, Mrs. Smith; Dr. Johnson; Gen. Harrison; Sir Robert Peel; George the Third; Charles the Bold; "O had I a thousand a year, Gaffer Green;" "The Elder spake as follows."

VIII. Names of things personified become proper nouns in sense, and should begin with capital letters.

Fx.

-“Come, gentle Spring! ethereal Mildness! come."

"In Misery's darkest cavern known,

His useful care was nigh,

When hopeless Anguish poured his groan,

And lonely Want retired to die."

IX. Words or phrases used as names for particular objects should begin with capital letters.

Ex. The Falls; Yellow Creek; the Havana; the City of Brotherly Love; the Cape of Good Hope; John o' Groat's House; the

Round Tower; the Sailor's Home; "I have read 'The Tent on the Beach."

X. All appellations of the Deity should begin with capital letters.

Ex.-God; the Most High; the Supreme; the Infinite One; Divine Providence; the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost; our Lord Jesus Christ.

XI. A common word must sometimes begin with a capital letter, to show its reference to the Deity.

Ex. "The Hand that made us is divine."

"The spangled heavens, a shining frame,
Their great Original proclaim."

Rem.-A word that describes rather than denotes a name of the Deity, and a pronoun whose expressed antecedent is the name of the Deity, usually require no capitals; as, "O thou merciful God!" "The all-powerful Lord of lords," "God provides for all his creatures."

XII. Nouns denoting the race or nation of individuals should begin with capital letters.

Ex.—The French; the Spaniards; the English; the Anglo-Saxons.

XIII. Words derived from proper names should begin with capital letters.

Ex.-American, Mainote, Danish, Johnsonian, Icelandic.

Rem. When such words become common nouns by losing their reference to their original proper nouns, they should not begin with capital letters; as, a louis d'or; a guinea; china-ware.

XIV. Words of special importance may begin with capital letters.

Ex.—The Tariff; the Sub-Treasury Bill; the Commissioner of Common Schools; "Be prepared for the Great Day;” “Angler's Companion: a Complete and Superior Treatise on the Art of Angling."

XV. In natural history, generic names, or names of genera, should commence with capital letters. Specific names, or names of species, if derived from proper nouns, should also commence with capitals: otherwise with small letters. Scientific terms are usually printed in italics.

Ex.-Rosa Gallica, Rosa alba; Anomma Burmeisteri, Anomma rubella; Spongites Townsendi, Spongites flexuosus.

XVI. The pronoun I and interjection O should be capitals.

Ex.

"Sleep, O gentle Sleep,

Nature's soft nurse, how have I frighted thee.”

GENERAL REMARKS.

1. Indirect quotations, or words quoted as the peculiar language of authors, should not begin with capital letters; as, "A man is an 'individual,' or a 'person,' or a 'party.' "A fine house is always a 'palatial residence.'”

2. The pronouns he, his, him, thy, and thee, referring to names of the Deity, in sentences where their antecedents are understood, or when they are used for emphasis, may sometimes begin with capital letters; as, "The hope of my spirit turns trembling to Thee," "Trust in Him, for He will sustain thee."

3. In writing many compound names of places, usage is not uniform. When the parts remain separate, or are connected by a hyphen, each should begin with a capital letter: when the parts are consolidated, but one capital letter should be used; as, New Castle, New-Castle, Newcastle.

4. In phrases or sentences used as headings or titles, nouns, adjectives, participles, or other important words, only, should begin with capital letters: unimportant words and connectives should begin with small letters.

5. In advertisements, show-bills, &c., different styles and sizes of type are frequently used, and the liberty of capitalizing is carried to an indefinite extent.

6. Names, signs, titles, and mottoes, designed to attract attention, are printed in various styles; most frequently in capitals.

12. Exercises to be Corrected.

1.—it is a pleasant thing to see the sun.

man is mortal. flow

ers bloom in summer.

2.-Resolved, that the framers of the constitution, &c.

3. The town has expended, the past year,

for grading streets,

for public buildings,

$15,000:

15,000.

4.-He said "you are too impulsive;" Remember the maxim, "a penny saved is a penny earned."

5.-"The day is past and gone;

the evening shades appear;

O may we all remember well

the night of death draws near."

6. James and samuel went to baltimore last august; The general assembly meets on the first monday in february.

7. The bill was vetoed by the president; John Jones, esq.; Richard the third; "The opposition was led by lord Brougham." 8. "When music, heavenly maid, was young,

While yet, in early Greece, she sung,
The passions, oft, to hear her shell,

Throng'd around her magic cell."

9. The central park; the Ohio river; I have read “great expectations;" the mountains of the moon are in Africa.

10. The lord shall endure forever; Remember thy creator; divine love and wisdom; "The ways of providence."

11.-" I know that my redeemer liveth; ""I am the way, the truth, the life;" "The word was made flesh."

12.-Those are chinamen; the turcomans are a wandering race; the gypsies of Spain; the indians are fast disappearing.

13. The swiss family Robinson; a russian serf; "The rank is but the Guinea's stamp;" a Cashmere shawl; a Damask rose.

14. The emancipation proclamation; the art of cookery, (a title); the Missouri compromise; the whisky insurrection; "A treatise on the science of education and the art of teaching.” 16. i don't like to study grammar.

i write correct enough,

13. Italics, Small Capitals, etc.

I. Emphatic words, phrases, and clauses are frequently printed in italics.

Ex.-"Do not you grieve at this?" "The truth is, his lordship weeps for the press, and wipes his eyes with the public.”—Curran.

II. Words borrowed from foreign languages should be printed in italics.

"This odd quid

Ex.—“Each word stood quite per se.”—Lamb. pro quo surprised me into vehement laughter."-Walpole.

III. The names of authors, annexed to selections from their writings, are usually printed in italics.

Ex. "His coward lips did from their color fly."-Shakspeare.

IV. Parenthetical words and phrases are frequently printed in italics.

Ex.-Old gentleman (looking quite unconcerned), "Run away, has

she?"

V. Names of ships, books, newspapers, and periodicals are frequently printed in italics or small capitals.

Ex.-"The Quaker City has arrived." "The JOURNAL is committed to no such policy as that.”

VI. Names of important personages are frequently printed in small capitals.

VII. Words requiring special emphasis are frequently printed in small capitals or capitals.

Ex. "I brand him as a rogue, a THIEF, a COWARD."-Placard Rem. 1.—Italicized words in the Bible are those supplied by translators to explain the original.

Rem. 2.-In manuscripts, one line drawn under a word indicates italics; two lines, SMALL CAPITALS; three lines, CAPITALS.

Rem. 3.-In this work, full-faced types are also used for dis tinction.