2. The Auxiliaries are also defective, wanting the perfect participle.

3. Redundant Verbs are those which have more than one form for their past tense or perfect participle. Ex-Cleave; cleft, clove, or clave; cleft, cloven, or cleaved.

Exercises to be corrected:

118. Exercises.

1. The cloth was weaved beautiful.

2. I seen him run when

you come. 3. The boys fit 'most an hour. 4. I stringed the raspberries on a spear of grass. 5. Were the cattle drove to pasture? 6. She has took my pencil. 7. The ship which springed a leak has just hoved in sight. 8. The plastering has fell from the ceiling. 9. Charles winned the prize after he had strove many times.

10. I did not git my exercise wrote in time. 11. The wind has blowed the fence down. 12. He has went and brung some snow into the house. 13. Who learned you how to spell. 14. The stone smit him right in the face. 15. I laid down, and ris much refreshed. 16. The cars have ran off the track, 17. The bells ringed when we come into town.

18. He could have went. 19. I have saw some fine cattle today. 20. I and you is going to the concert, aint we? 21. Neither he nor she are good to me. 22. The steamboat come a puffing along. 23. His face has wore a sad expression for more'n a week.

24. I'm in a quandary whether a horse or a grayhound run the fastest. 25. The man throwed a stone, and made the coon git. 26. John clumb the tree, and shaked the chestnuts down.

119. Order of Parsing.

1. A Verb, and why?

2. Regular or Irregular, and why?

3. Give its principal parts.

4. Copulative, transitive, or intransitive, and why?

5. Voice and form, and why?

6. Mode, and why?

7. Tense, and why? Inflect the tense.

8. Person and number, and why? Rule.

561427

120. Models for Parsing.

I. "Mary has recited her lesson."

Has recited is a verb; it is a word which expresses being, action, or state: regular; it forms its past tense and perfect participle by adding ed: principal parts are pres., recite, past, recited, perfect participle, recited: transitive; it requires the addition of an object to complete its meaning: active voice; it represents the subject as acting: common form; it represents a customary act: indicative mode; it asserts a thing as actual: present perfect tense; it represents a past act as completed in present time: third person, singular number; to agree with its subject "Mary," according to Rule XIII: "A verb must agree with its subject in person and number."

II. "I shall go if you stay."

is a verb; (why?): irregular; it does not form its past tense and perfect participle by adding ed: principal parts are go, went, gone: intransitive; (why?): common form; (why?): indicative mode; (why?): future tense; (why?): first person, singular number; (why?): Rule XIII.

is a verb; (why?): regular; (why?): principal parts; (give them): intransitive; (why?): common form; (why?): subjunctive mode; it represents an act as conditional: present tense in form, but denotes future time: second person, singular or plural number; (why?): Rule XIII.

III. "He should have answered my letter."

Should have answered is a verb; (why?): regular; (why?): principal parts; (give them): transitive; (why?): active voice; (why?): common form; (why?): potential mode; it represents an act as obligatory: past perfect tense; it is the form used to represent an act as completed at or before some other act: third person, singular number; (why?): Rule XIII.

Bring.

IV. "Bring me a glass of water."

is a verb; (why?): irregular; (why?): principal parts; (give them): transitive; (why?): active voice; (why?):

To ascend

common form; (why?): imperative mode; (why?): present tense; (why?): second person, singular number, to agree with its subject "thou" understood: Rule XIII.

V. "He attempted to ascend the mountain."

is a verb; (why?): regular; (why?): principal parts; (give them): transitive; (why?): active voice; (why?): common form; (why?): infinitive mode; (why?): present tense; (why?): object of "attempted": Rule VI.

VI. "The letter was written yesterday."

Was written is a verb; (why?): irregular; (why?): principal parts; (give them): transitive; (why?): passive voice; it rep

Is

resents the subject as being acted upon: indicative mode; (why?): past tense; (why?): third person, singular number; (why?): Rule XIII.

VII. "Liberty is sweet."

is a verb; (why?): irregular; (why?): principal parts; (give them): neuter; (why?): copulative; it is used to connect the predicate "sweet" to the subject "liberty": indicative mode; (why?): present tense; (why?): third person, singular number, to agree with its subject "liberty": Rule XIII.

VIII. "He was considered rich.

Was considered is a verb; (why?): regular; (why?): principal parts; (give them): passive form; (why?): copulative; (why?): indicative mode; (why?): past tense; (why?): third person, singular number; (why?): Rule XIII.

Look ......

IX. "The fields look green."

is a verb; (why?): regular; (why?): principal parts; (give them): copulative; it connects the predicate 'green" to the subject "fields": indicative mode; (why?): present tense; (why?): third person, plural number; (why?): Rule XIII.

X. "John hastened to assist us."

To assist... is a verb; (why?): regular; (why?): principal parts; (give them): transitive; (why?): active voice; (why?): infinitive mode; it expresses action without affirming it: it depends upon "hastened": Rule XVII.

XI. "To lie is disgraceful."

To lie...... is a verb; (why?): regular; (why?): principal parts; (give them): infinitive mode; (why?): it is the subject

of the sentence "To lie is disgraceful," and is in the nominative case; Rule I.

XII. "I heard the wolves howling in the forest."

...

Howling is a participle; it partakes of the properties of a verb and of an adjective: it is derived from the verb

"howl": present participle; it denotes continuance: it belongs to "wolves": Rule XII.

XIII. "Take this letter, written by myself."

Written.... is a participle; (why?): (from what word derived?): perfect participle; it denotes completion: it belongs to "letter": Rule XII.

XIV. "He has been reading Shakspeare."

Has been reading is a verb; (why?): irregular; (why?): principal parts; (give them): active voice; (why?): progressive form; it denotes continuance of action: indicative mode; (why?): present perfect tense; (why?): third person, singular number; (why?): Rule XIII.

...

XV. “That man did buy our house.”

Did buy is a verb; (why?): irregular; (why?): principal parts; (give them): active voice; (why?): emphatic form; it denotes assertion with emphasis: indicative modc; (why?): past tense; (why?): third person, singular number; (why?): Rule XIII.

121. Exercises.

Parse the nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and verbs in the following

sentences:

1. They commenced plowing yesterday. 2. I seldom write letters. 3. My father brought me some pine-apples when he came from the city 4. She had gone to walk. 5. When do you intend to return my umbrella? 6. The workmen should have been more careful. 7. Hallowed be thy name. 8. Respect the aged. 9. I could not learn to do it.

11. He should have been

10. The weather was unpleasant more industrious. 12. Shall I assistu? 13. How many regiments were mustered out? 14. Have all the gifts of healing? 15. Remember thy Creator in the days of thy youth. 16. The poor must work in their grief. 17. We were speedily convinced that his professions were insincere.

ни

18. Hear, father, hear our prayer!

Long hath thy goodness our footsteps attended.

19. That very law that molds a tear,

And bids it trickle from its source,

That law preserves the earth a sphere,

And guides the planets in their course.-Rogers.

20. Why restless, why cast down, my soul?
Hope still, and thou shalt sing

The praise of Him who is thy God,
Thy Savior, and thy King.

Passive Forms. 1. He was beaten with many stripes. 2. The sheep were destroyed by wolves. 3. Every crime should be punished. 4. You, he, and I were invited. 5. America was discovered by Christopher Columbus. 6. He has been elected mayor of our city. 7. This lake is said to be one hundred feet deep. 8. The work might have been finished yesterday.

Progressive, Emphatic, and Interrogative Forms. 1. He is writing a letter. 2. They should have been studying their lessons. 3. They were digging for gold. 4. I do wish you were here. 5. He did not commit forgery. 6. How do you learn so fast? 7. Why does he persist in denying it? 8. Where were you going when I met you?

Exercises to be corrected:

1. John did n't go to do any mischief. a nap. 3. I reckon you are from the East.

2. He laid down to take 4. You had not ought

to have done so, for you knowed better. 5. Had I have known that, I should rather have not seen him. 6. The blacksmith shoed my horse. 7. I should not of known him. 8. He could have went as well as not.

9. I have saw a steam-boat to-day. 10. I never seen any thing like it. 11. He has gone and done it. 12. Mary was chose on 13. The water has ran into our cellar. 14. He knew

my side.