2. Sanctæ Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ adversus iniquas atque inverecundas Schismaticorum criminationes Vindicia. 3. Theoremata Philosophica, &c. - Wood.

DURELL (David), was a native of Jersey, and born in 1728. He became a student of Pembroke-college, Oxford, where, in 1758, he proceeded master of arts; after which he obtained a fellowship in Hertford-college, of which society he became principal. In 1764 he took his doctor's degree; and in 1767 was made prebendary of Canterbury, with which he held the vicarage of Tysehurst in Sussex. He died in 1775. His works are-1. The Hebrew Text of the parallel Prophecies of Jacob and Moses, relating to the twelve Tribes, 4to. 2. Critical Remarks on the Books of Job, Psalms, Ecclesiastes, and Canticles, 4to. Biog. Brit. DURER (Albert), was born at Nuremberg in 1471. He studied engraving in the shop of his father, who was a goldsmith; and at the age of twenty-six he exhibited some of his works to public view. After this he engraved on wood, a series of prints, representing the life of Christ. He did not paint much, but his picture of Adam and Eve at Prague, is admired; and there is another fine one, in the same city, of Christ bearing his Cross. At Nuremberg his portraits of Charlemagne, and some of his successors, are still preserved. He died at Nuremberg in 1528. Durer was also an author, and wrote-1. Rules of Painting, in Latin, 1532, fol. 2. Institutiones Geometricæ. 3. De turribus, arcibus, &c. 4. De Varietate Figurarum, &c. genville. DURET (Louis), a physician, was born at Beaugé la Ville, in Brescia, in 1527, and died at Paris in 1586. He wrote " Hippocrates magni Coacæ prænotiones," fol. Moreri.

·D'Ar

D'URFEY (Thomas), a poet, was born at Exeter about 1630. He was bred to the law, which he quitted for the comic muse, and became a great favourite with Charles II. His songs were collected into six volumes, with the title of "Pills to purge Melancholy." He also wrote thirty-one comedies, which are now obsolete. He died in 1723. Tom D'Urfey, as he was familiarly called, had a very homely countenance, on which account he would never sit for his picture; but his patron, lord Dorset, had one drawn of him by stealth, while he was asleep after dinner in the parlour at Knowle. Biog. Dram.

DURHAM (James), a Scotch divine, was born in the county of Angus in 1622, and educated at St. Andrew's. He became very popular as a preacher at Glasgow, and had the courage to reprove Cromwell to his face. He died in 1658. His works are-1. A Commentary on the Revelations. 2. Sermons on Isaiah. 3. Sermons on the Song of Solomon. 4. A Treatise on Scandal.

5. The Exposition of the Commandments. Biog. Scoticana.

DURY (John), in Latin Duræus, a Scotch divine, who laboured all his life to bring about a union of the protestant churches. He began this project in 1634; but though encouraged by the archbishops Laud and Usher, he found his scheme impracticable, after travelling over a great part of Europe to accomplish it. He died about 1675. Dury published several treatises on church government and reformation. Gen. Biog.

Dict.

DUSSAULX (John), a French writer, was born at Chartres in 1728. He served some time in the army, which he quitted for literary pursuits. At the beginning of the Revolution he became a member of the convention; and was also one of the council of ancients. He died in 1799. His principal works are 1. A Translation of Juvenal, 8vo. 2. De la Passion du Jeu, 8vo. 3. Sur la Suppression des Jeux de Hazard, 4. Eloge de l'Abbe Blanches. 5. Memoire sur les Satiriques Latins. 5. Voyage à Barrege, et dans les hautes Pyrennees, 8vo. 6. Mes rapports avec J. J. Rousseau, 8vo. - Dict. Hist.

The

DUTENS (Lewis), was born in France in 1729. He obtained orders in the church of England, and was appointed chaplain to the embassy at Turin, where also he held the situation of chargé des affaires. In 1766 he published at Paris his "Recherches sur l'Origine des Decouvertes," of which a translation soon afterwards appeared in London. same year he was presented to the rectory of Elsdon in Northumberland. In 1768 he travelled with Lord Algernon Percy; and while abroad published his edition of Leibnitz, in 6 vols. 4to. He died in 1812. Besides the above works he published 1. Explications des quelques Medailles des Grecques et Pheniciennes, 4to. 2. Journal d'un voyage aux villes principales de l'Europe. 3. Histoire de ce qui s'est passe pour etablissement d'une Regence en Angleterre, 8vo. 4. Recherches sur le ems reculé de l'usage des Voûtes chez les Anciens. 5. Memoires d'un Voyageur, 5 vols. this he likewise published in English. He also wrote the French text of the second volume of the Marlborough Gems. Gent. Mag.

He

DUVAL (Andrew), a doctor of the Sorbonne, was born at Pontoise in 1564. was superior-general of the Carmelites, and dean of the faculty of theology at Paris. He died in 1638. His works are- 1. A System of Divinity. 2. De Suprema Romani Pontificis in Ecclesiam Potestate, 4to. 3. A Commentary on the Summa of Thomas Aquinas, 2 vols. folio. 4. Vie de la Soeur Marie de l'Incarnation, 8vo. William Duval, his cousin, professor of the Royal college of Paris, and doctor of physic, wrote a History of his College, and published

an edition of Aristotle, 2 vols. folio, 1619. Moreri.

DUVAL (Valentine Jamerai), was born in 1695, at Antonay, in Champagne. His father, who was a labourer, left a large family, so that young Duval was obliged to go to service at the age of twelve. After residing with a shepherd about two years, he went to live with a hermit, who recommended him to the convent of St. Anne, near Luneville, the brothers of which house entrusted him with their cows. By a fortunate occurrence he became known to an English gentleman, who lived at Luneville, and gave him instruction which he improved by close application. A similar stroke of good fortune brought him to the knowledge of Leopold, duke of Lorraine, who sent him to college; after which he made him his librarian, and appointed him professor of history at Luneville. On the removal of Francis, duke of Lorraine, to Tuscany, Duval accompanied him thither; and afterwards to Vienna, where he became subpreceptor to the archduke Joseph, and keeper of the medals. He died in 1775. Dict. Hist.

ple; where he was called to the degree of a serjeant, and made speaker of the House of Commons. In 1557 he was appointed a justice of the common pleas, of which court he was made chief in the reign of queen Elizabeth. He died in 1582. His reports are held in great estimation. The best edition was in 1794, in 3 vols. 8vo. - Gen. Biog. Dict.

DYER (John), a poet, was born at Aberglasney, in Caermarthenshire, in 1700. He was educated at Westminster-school, after which he became a clerk in the office of his father, who was an attorney; but he quitted that profession to study painting. This pursuit he also relinquished, and entered into orders. He obtained the living of Calthorp, and afterwards that of Belchford, in Lincolnshire, with which he held Coningsby and Kirkby in the same county. He died in 1758; having a little before published "The Fleece," a poem. His other works are "Grongar Hill," a descriptive piece; and "The Ruins of Rome."- Johnson's Poets.

DYER (Samuel), was born about 1725. He received his education under Dr. Dod. dridge, at Northampton; and next at Glasgow. Having a small fortune, he led a private life in London, where he became a member of Johnson's literrary club, and died in 1772. He translated "Les Mours" from the French; and some of the lives of Plutarch from the Greek. The letters of Junius have been ascribed to him without the shadow of a proof. — Hawkins's Life of Johnson.

EAD

Ein Suffolk about 1636.

ACHARD (John), a divine, was born He was educated at Catharine-hall, Cambridge, where he obtained a fellowship, and in 1660, took his master's degree. In 1670 he published a book, entitled "The Grounds and Occasions of the Contempt of the Clergy," which was answered by several writers, to whom Eachard replied with wit and argument. He next attacked Hobbes in two dialogues, on the state of nature; written with exquisite humour. In 1675, he was chosen master of Catharine-hall, on which he obtained the degree of doctor in divinity by mandamus. He died in 1697. His works have been published in 1 vol. 8vo., and more completely in 3 vols. 12mo. 1774.-Life prefixed to his Works.

EADMER OF EDMER, an English monk, who in 1120, was elected bishop of St. Anin Scotland, which he refused to ac

EAR

cept, because he could not be consecrated by the archbishop of Canterbury. He died in 1124. His works are 1. Eadmeri monachi, Cant. Historia Novorum, fol. 1623. 2. A Life of St. Anselm. 3. The Lives of St. Wilfrid, Oswald, Dunstan, &c. 1 Moreri.

EAMES (John), a dissenting minister and schoolmaster, was born in London, and educated at Merchant Taylors' school. He kept an academy in Wapping, and was a fellow of the Royal Society, whose transaetions he abridged, with Lowthorp and Jones. He died in 1744.

He

EARLE (Jabez), a dissenting divine, was born about 1676, and died in 1768. officiated at Salters'-hall near seventy years. Besides some sermons, he published "A Treatise on the Sacrament;" and a collection of poems, Latin and English. Brit.

Biag

EARLE (John), an English prelate, was born at York, in 1601. He took his degrees at Merton-college, Oxford, and became subtutor to prince Charles, by the appointment of bishop Duppa, who gave him the place of chancellor in his cathedral, of which he was deprived in the rebellion. He then went abroad, and attended the king as his chaplain. At the Restoration, he was made dean of Westminster, and in 1662, was consecrated bishop of Worcester, from whence he was removed to Salisbury the year following. He died at Oxford in 1665. His works are

1. An Elegy on Mr. Francis Beaumont. 2. Microcosmography, or a Piece of the World, discovered in Essays and Characters, 12mo.; of which there have been several editions. 3. A Latin translation of the Eikon Basilike. - Wood.

EARLE (William Benson), a benevolent gentleman, was born at Shaftesbury in 1740, and died at Salisbury, in 1796. He published "An Account of the Eruption of Mount Etna" in 1766; appended to the reprint of a scarce tract, entitled "An exact Relation of the Earthquake and Eruption of Mount Etna, in 1669." He bequeathed two thousand guineas to the women's college at Salisbury; one thousand guineas, each, to St. George's Hospital, Hetherington's charity for the blind, the Philanthropic Society, and the fund for decayed' musicians. He also left large sums to other charitable purposes, and four hundred guineas for a window of painted glass in Salisbury cathedral. Gent. Mag.

EATON (John), a divine, was born in Kent in 1575, and educated at Trinity-college, Oxford, where he took his master's degree in 1603. In 1625, he was presented to the living of Wickham Market in Suffolk, and died there in 1641. His writings, which approach to Antinomianism, are — 1. The Discovery of a dead Faith, 12mo. 2. The Honeycomb of Justification, 4to. For this last, he was imprisoned by the Long Parliament. - Wood.

EBERHARD (John Augustine), a Swedish divine, and professor of philosophy at Halle, died at Stockholm, in 1796. He published "An Enquiry into the Doctrine respecting the Salvation of Heathens;" and some other works. - Dict. Hist.

EBERT (John Arnold), a German writer, was born at Hamburgh in 1725. He became professor of the Carolinean Institute at Brunswick, counsellor to the duke, and canon of St. Cyriac. He published two volumes of poems, and translated into German, Young's Night Thoughts, and Glover's Leonidas. He died at Brunswick in 1795.-Ibid. EBERTUS (Theodore), rector of the university of Frankfort on the Oder, and a profound Hebrew scholar, at the beginning of the seventeenth century. He published 1. Juvenilia Philosophica, 1616, 4to. Poetica Hebraica, 8vo. 1628. 3. Elogia

2.

Jurisconsultorum et politicorum centum illustrium, qui sanctam Hebræam linguam, &c. 8vo. — - Moreri.

EBION, the founder of a sect in the first century, who denied the divinity of Christ, and received only a mutilated copy of the gospel of St. Matthew. Mosheim.

ECCARD, or ECKHARD (John George), a German historian and antiquary, was born at Duingen in the duchy of Brunswick in 1674. He became professor of history, first at Helmstadt, and next at Hanover; but on embracing the Romish religion, he removed to Wurtzburg, where he died in 1730. His works are 1. Historia studii etymologici linguæ Germanica. 2. De usu et præ stantia studii etymologici linguæ Germanicæ. 3. Corpus historicum medii ævi, 2 vols. fol. 4. Origines Habspurgio-Austriacæ, folio. 5. Leges Francorum et Ripuariorum, folio. 6. Historia genealogica principum Saxoniæ superioris, necnon origines Anhaltinæ et Sabaudicæ, fol. 7. Brevis ad historiam Germaniæ introductio. 8. Annales Francia orientalis et episcopatus Wurceburgensis, 2 vols. 9. De origine Germanorum, 4to. &c..

- Moreri.

ECCHELLENSIS (Abraham), a Maronite, who was professor of Syriac and Arabic, in the royal college at Paris, where he assisted Le Jay in his Polyglot Bible. He was however opposed by his countryman Gabriel Sionita, and M. de Flavigny, who not only called his learning in question, but attacked his character. He was in consequence recalled from Paris, and appointed professor of the Oriental languages at Rome, where he died in 1664. He published-1. Chronicon Orientale, fol. 2. Institutio ling. Syriacæ, 12mo. 3. Synopsis Philosophia Orientalis, and other works.

Ibid.

ECHARD (Laurence), an English divine, was born at Cassam in Suffolk, about 1671, and brought up at Christ-college, Cambridge, where he took the degree of M. A. in 1695. On entering into orders, he was presented to the livings of Welton and Elkinton in Lincolnshire. In 1699 he published his Roman History, in 3 vols. 8vo. In 1702 appeared his General Ecclesiastical History, in 1 vol. folio; afterwards printed in 2 vols. 8vo. In 1707 he published the first volume of his History of England, which he completed in two more volumes, in 1718. This work does credit to his candour and industry; but the story of Oliver Cromwell and the devil, brought it into disrepute. In 1712 he was made archdeacon of Stowe; and in the reign of George I., was presented to the livings of Rendlesham, Sudborn, and Alfor

in Suffolk. He 'died suddenly in 1730. Besides the above works, he published a Gazetteer; a Description of Ireland; a Translation of three Comedies of Plautus; another of Terence; and a volume of maxims from Tillotson. Biog. Brit. ECKHEL (Joseph Hilary), a medallist and antiquary, was born at Entzesfield in Austria, in 1737. He became a Jesuit at Vienna, where he was appointed director of the imperial cabinet of medals, and professor of antiquities. He died in 1798. — His works are 1. Nummi veteres anecdoti ex museis Cæsareo Vindobonensi, Florentino magni Ducis Etruriæ, &c. 4to. 2. Catalogus musei Cæsarei Vindobonensis nummorum veterum, 2 vols. fol. 3. Sylloge nummorum veterum anecdotorum thesauri Cæsarei, 4to. 4. Descriptio nummorum Antiochæ Syriæ. 5. Explanation of the Gems in the Imperial Cabinet. 6. Doctrina nummorum veterum, 8 vols. fol. - Dict. Hist.

ECKIUS (John), a divine of the Roman church, was born in Suabia, in 1483. He became professor at Ingoldstadt, and distinguished himself by his opposition to Luther at the diet of Augsburg. He died in 1543. He wrote several controversial trea

tises against the protestants. -Mosheim.

ECLUSE (Charles), a botanist, was born at Arras in 1526. He was educated at Ghent and Louvain, where he took his doctor's degree in physic; after which he travelled in various countries, and three times visited England. The emperor, Maximilian II., conferred on him the rank of nobility, and in 1593 he was chosen professor of botany at Leyden, where he died in 1609. His works are very valuable. — Rees's Cyclopædia.

EDELINCK (Gerard), an eminent engraver was born at Antwerp, in 1641. He resided in France, where he executed some fine pieces, as the picture of the holy family by Raphael, and the tent of Darius by Le Brun, He died in 1707. — - Strutt.

EDEMA (Gerard), a Dutch landscape painter, who went to Surinam and North America, to delineate the plants and insects of those countries. He came to London in 1670, and became famous for painting land. scapes. He died about 1700.- Pilkington. EDGEWORTH (the Abbé) a Catholic divine, was born in 1745 at Edgeworth's town in Ireland. His father, who was a beneficed clergyman of the church of England, became a convert to the Romish faith, in consequence of which, he went and settled with his family at Toulouse. The son studied at Paris, and entered into the fraternity of " Les Missions Etrangères." His piety recommended him to the princess Elizabeth, who made him her confessor; by which means he became known to Louis XVI., whom he attended in his distress, and accompanied him to the scaffold. After this, he escaped in disguise, and got

nd, from whence he went to Mittau,

to wait upon Louis XVIII., and died there of a fever, caught in the discharge of his spiritual duties at the military hospital, May 22. 1807. His letters were printed in 1818, 1 vol. 8vo. with his life prefixed.

EDGEWORTH (Richard), a relation of the above, was born at Bath, in 1744, and died at Edgeworth's town June 13. 1817. He was educated at Trinity-college, Dublin, and next at Corpus Christi-college, Oxford, from whence he removed to the Temple. Instead, however, of studying the law, he applied to the mathematical sciences, and became an excellent mechanic. In 1767, he invented the telegraph, which many years after he saw generally adopted. He also contrived several agricultural instruments, and wheel carriages upon new principles. On going to France, he was employed in directing the works across the Rhine at Lyons. In 1780 he became a member of the Royal Society; and in 1785, he was named in the patent for establishing the Royal Irish Academy. He proved a great benefactor to that part of the country where he resided, by making rail-ways, draining bogs, and introducing an improved system of agricul ture. Some years before he died, he formed a spire for the church of Edgeworth's town, which was all constructed of frame-work on the ground, and then elevated by machinery to the tower, where it was fixed. Mr. Edgeworth published-1. Poetry Explained. 2. Readings in Poetry. 3. Essays on Practical Education, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. Professional Education. 5. Letter to Lord Charlemont on the Telegraph. 6. Essay on the Construction of Roads; besides various tracts and papers in the Philosophical Transactions, the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, &c. He was married four times, and had several children, one of whom, Miss Maria Edgeworth, is well known by her excellent publications; and the continuation of her father's memoirs, from which this is extracted.

EDMONDES (Sir Thomas), was born at Plymouth in 1563. After filling several diplomatic situations, with great honour, he became clerk of the privy council, and secretary for the French language to queen Elizabeth. James I. conferred on him the honour of knighthood; gave him the reversionary grant of clerk of the crown, and sent him envoy to Brussels and Paris. He died in 1639. His state papers were published by Dr. Birch in 1749, 8vo. Biog. Brit.

1

EDMONDES (Clement), son of Sir Thomas Edmondes, comptroller to queen Elizabeth's household, was born in Shropshire in 1566. He became fellow of All-Soul's-college Oxford, and on entering into public life, obtained the place of master of requests, with the honour of knighthood. He died in 1622. He wrote Observations on Cæsar's Commentaries, folio. - Wood. EDMONDSON (Joseph), a genealogist, was

originally a barber, but discovering a strong genius for blazoning arms, he became a herald painter. In 1764 he was appointed Mowbray herald extraordinary; and he was also a member of the society of antiquaries. He died in 1786. His works are 1. Historical account of the Greville Family, 8vo. 2. A companion to the Peerage, 8vo. 3. A body of Heraldry, 2 vols. fol. 4. Baronagium Genealogicum, or the pedigrees of English Peers, 6 vols. fol. - Noble's Hist. of the Coll. of Arms.

EDWARD VI. king of England, was the son of Henry VIII. by lady Jane Seymour, and born in 1538. He imbibed a zeal for the reformation from his maternal uncle, the great duke of Somerset, and he furthered the Protestant religion with firmness during his reign; which, however, was unfortunately too short for the hopes of the nation. He died of a consumption at Greenwich, July 6. 1553. Edward is entitled to a place here, on account of his private virtues and extraordinary talents, for he wrote-1. The Sum of a conference with the Lord Admiral, which is extant in his own hand. 2. A Method for the proceedings of the Council. 3. King Edward's arguments against the Pope's supremacy. This has been printed; as also has his diary in Bishop Burnet's History of the Reformation. Hist. of England. EDWARDS (Bryan), an historian, was born in 1743, at Westbury in Wiltshire. He was brought up by his maternal uncle, a planter in Jamaica, to whose property he succeeded, she also did to that of Mr. Hume, another merchant of the same island. In 1796 he was elected into parliament for Grampound, which place he represented till his death, July 15. 1800. His works are-1. Thoughts on the trade of the West India Islands, 8vo. 2. A Speech on the Slave Trade. 3. History of the British Colonies in the West Indies, 2 vols. 4to. and 3 vols. 8vo. 4. The Proceedings of the governor and assembly of Jamaica in regard to the Maroon Negroes,

8vo.

Gent. Mag.

EDWARDS (Edward), an artist, was born in London in 1738. He was brought up to his father's business of a chair-maker and carver; but quitted it for drawing, in which he acquired skill enough to become a teacher, and by that means he supported his mother when a widow, and also his brother and sister. He obtained two premiums from the society of arts for historical pictures, and in 1773 became an associate of the royal academy. After this he visited Italy, and on his return was employed by several gentlemen, particularly Horace Walpole and Mr. Hamilton of Bath. In 1788 he was appointed teacher of perspective in the Royal Academy. He died in 1806. Mr. Edwards published a "Treatise on Perspective," 4to. And after his death were printed his "Anecdotes of Painters," 4to. with his own life Prefixed.

EDWARDS (George), a naturalist, was born in 1693 in the parish of West Ham, Essex. After going through a common school, he was apprenticed to a tradesman in London, but happening to meet with some books of natural history, he resolved to travel for improvement in that line. With this view he went to Holland, next to Norway, and afterwards to France. In 1733 he was chosen librarian of the college of physicians, and he was also elected a fellow of the royal society, to whose transactions he was a contributor. In 1743 he published the first volume of " The History of Birds," and to the fourth volume, which appeared in 1751, he prefixed an extraordinary dedication to the Supreme Being. Three volumes more were added to this valuable work, under the title of Gleanings. In 1770 he collected his miscellaneous papers and essays into one volume octavo. He died at Plaistow, in Essex, in 1773. —Biog. Brit.

EDWARDS (Jonathan), a divine, was born at Wrexham in Denbighshire in 1629. He was a servitor of Christ-church, Oxford, and afterwards fellow of Jesus'-college, of which he became principal, and also treasurer of Landaff in 1687. He died in 1712. Dr. Edwards published "A Preservative against Socinianism," 4to. - Wood.

EDWARDS (Jonathan), an American di vine, was born at Windsor, in Connecticut, in 1703, and educated at Yale college, where he took his degrees in arts. In 1722 he became preacher to a presbyterian congrega tion at New York; but in 1724 he was chosen tutor of Yale college. In 1726 he resigned that station, and became assistant to his maternal grandfather, a minister at Northampton in Connecticut. Here he continued till 1750, when he was dismissed for refusing to administer the sacrament to immoral persons. He now went on a mission to the Indians, and in 1757 was chosen president of the college of New Jersey, where he died, in 1758, of the small-pox. He wrote- - 1. A Treatise concerning religious Affections, 8vo. 2. The Life of David Brainerd, 8vo. 3. An Inquiry into the qualifications for communion, 8vo. 4. An Enquiry into the Modern Notion of that Freedom of will, which is supposed to be essential to moral agency, 8vo. 5. The Doctrine of original sin defended. 6. A history of Redemption, 8vo. After his death appeared his sermons, with his life prefixed.

EDWARDS (Richard), an English writer, was born in Somersetshire, in 1523, and educated at Corpus Christi, Oxford, where he obtained a fellowship, but afterwards became a student of Christ-church, and took there his master's degree. Queen Elizabeth made him gentleman of her chapel, and teacher of the children there. He died in 1566. He wrote 1. "Damon and Pythias," a comedy, acted at court, printed in 1570. 2. "Palemon and Arcyte," another