He was interred in Westminster-abbey, in the nave of the church near the cloister, where a monument was erected to his memory by his friends, with an inscription, in which he is highly praised. It is said to have been written by Dr. Garth. Dr. Atterbury, who looked on St. Evremond as an infidel, appears to have had objections to his being buried in the abbey, for which he is reflected upon, with petulant malignity, by one of the editors of the last edition of the Biographia Britannica.

By his will, St. Evremond, who died worth about 800l. left 201. to the poor French refugees; and the same sum to "the poor Roman catholics, or of any other religion." His manuscripts he left to Dr. Sylvestre. The earl of Galway was his executor.

The works of St. Evremond consist of a variety of essays and letters, containing many ingenious and acute remarks on polite literature, and on life and manners, but very unequally written, together with some insipid poems, and several dramatic pieces. He possessed a considerable degree of wit and humour, and great knowledge of the world. He appears to have had a very intimate acquaintance with Roman literature; but acknowledged that he did not understand the Greek language. His works in French have passed through many editions, and been printed in different sizes. One edition is in two volumes, 4to,. and some of the editions are in seven volumes, 12mo. An English translation of some of his works was published in two volumes, in 1700, 8vo; and a translation of some other of his pieces in 1705, in one volume, 8vo, under the title of "The posthumous Works of M. de St. Evremond, containing variety of elegant essays, letters, poems, and other miscellaneous 'pieces on several curious subjects.' Another translation, in two volumes, 8vo, was published by Mr. Des Maizeaux, in 1714, with a dedication to lord Halifax. But the best edition was published by the same editor, with the life of the author prefixed, in 1728, in three volumes, 8vo. This translation, however, does not contain our author's poems, nor his dramatic pieces. There is also a collection of his anecdotes and opinions among the "Ana." His reputation has sunk considerably among his own countrymen, nor has there been any edition of his works printed in France for more than half a century. They consider none of his writings as worthy of perusal, except what he wrote on the genius of the Greeks and Romans, on man

ners, on the peace of the Pyrenees, on the duke of Longueville, and the conversation of the marshal Hocquincourt with father Canaye. In his comedies they find neither wit nor interest, and assert that his verses have more vivacity than genuine poetry; but they bestow higher praise on his prose, and except only to his frequent affectation of antithesis and point. La Harpe, in a well-written character of his works, ascribes his reputation more to fashion and artful management, than to real merit. As to his personal character, enough has been said in the preceding sketch to exhibit its most striking features, those of the wit, the courtier, and the voluptuary.'

EWALD (JOHN), a Danish poet of considerable reputation in his own country, was born at Copenhagen in 1743, and had to contend with adversity during the greater part of his life. For some years he was a common soldier in the Prussian and Austrian service, and lived in a state of comparative indigence until his death, which happened at Copenhagen March 17, 1781. He acquired his first reputatation by a work in prose, entitled "The Temple of Goodness," and afterwards wrote some dramas, as his countrymen say, in the style of Ossian and Shakspeare. His works were printed at Copenhagen, 1781-1791, 4 vols. 8vo, with engravings by Chodowicki, but are not known in this country.

2

EXIMENO (ANTHONY), a Spanish ex-jesuit, was born at Balbastro, in the kingdom of Arragon, in 1732, and at the age of ten, went to Salamanca, where he began his studies with great ardour, and made extraordinary proficiency in mathematics and physics. In 1764 he was appointed to teach mathematics and engineering in the royal military school founded at Segovia. On entering into this office, he delivered a speech, shewing the necessity of cultivating the art of war upon fixed principles; and with a view to exhibit examples as well as precepts to his scholars, he published the lives of all the eminent Spanish heroes, under the title of "The Spanish military History," Segovia, 1769, 4to; and as a supplement, he added, in 1772, "The Engineer's Manual," 8vo. Both these works were much admired, the first particularly, for the elegance of the language, and the impartiality of the narrative. At what time

1 Life by Des Maizeaux in his works.-Biog. Brit.-Nichols's Atterbury, vol. I. Malone's Dryden, vol. IV. p. 65.-Spence's Anecdotes, MS.

3 Dict. Hist.

474

Ε Χ Ι Μ Ε Ν Ο.

he entered the order of the Jesuits is not known, but after their expulsion, he lived at Rome, and devoted his attention chiefly to music, of which, from his infancy, he was passionately fond. After six years' labour and study, he produced a work on the subject, which contributed, although without much reason, to his reputation in the musical world. This appeared at Rome in 1774, and was entitled "Dell' Origine e della regole della Musica, &c." 4to, in which, says Dr. Burney, too confident of his own powers, he imagined himself capable, with four years' study only, intuitively to frame a better system of counterpoint than that upon which so many great musicians had been formed. Possessed of eloquence, fire, and a lively imagination, his book has been called in Italy, "a whimsical romance upon the art of music, in which is discovered a rage for pulling down, without the power of rebuilding." The author has certainly, with shrewdness and accuracy, started several difficulties, and pointed out imperfections. in the theory and practice of music, as well as in the particular systems of Tartini and Rameau; but his own resources and experience are totally insufficient to the task of correcting the errors of the old system, or forming a new one that is more perfect. He has more eloquence of language than science in music. His reasoning is ingenious and specious, even when his data are false; but his examples of composition are below contempt; and yet they are courageously given as models for students, superior to those of the old great masters of harmony.

Eximeno also wrote an apology for the abbé Andre's work on the origin, progress, and actual state of literature, entitled "Lettera del sig. abate Eximeno al R. P. M. Fr. Tommaso Maria Memachi sopra l'opinione del sig. abate Andres, intorno alla litteratura ecclesiastica de' secoli barbari," Mantua, 1783. Eximeno died at Rome in 1798.1 EXPERIENS. See ESPERIENTE.

EXPILLI (CLAUDE), president of the parliament of Grenoble, was born Dec. 22, 1561, at Voiron in Dauphiny, His father Claude Expilli had acquired great reputation in the army. This his son studied first at Turin, and in 1581 and 1582 went through a course of law studies at Padua, where he became acquainted with many of the most learned

1 Dict. Hist. Suppl.-Burney's Hist. of Music, vol. II.—and art. in Rees's Cyclopædia.

men of his time, particularly Speroni, Torniel, Decianus, Pancirollus, Pinelli, Zabarella, Picolomini, &c. On his return to France, he took his doctor's degree at Bourges, where the celebrated James Cujas bestowed high praise on him. He then settled at Grenoble, and acquired such distinction among the advocates of the parliament, that the king Henry IV. considered him as fit for the highest offices in law. Expilli was accordingly promoted to that of king's procurator in the chamber of finances, king's advocate in parliament, and lastly that of president. The same monarch, as well as Louis XIII. employed him in many important affairs in the comté Venaissin, Piedmont, and Savoy, where he was first president of the parliament of Chamberi, after that city was taken in 1630. Three years after, the king made use of his services at Piguerol; but on his return to Grenoble, he died July 22 or 23, 1636, in the seventy-fifth year of his age. James Philip Thomasini, bishop of Citta Nova, wrote his eloge, and his life was written by Antony Boniel de Catilhon, his nephew, and advocate general of the chamber of accounts in Dauphiny. It was printed at Grenoble in 1660, 4to. Cherier, in his History of that province, says of him, that his works are an incontestable proof of his learning, which was by no means confined. He was an orator, lawyer, historian, and poet, a man of excellent private character, and a liberal patron of merit, which alone was a sure introduction to his favour. His works are both in prose and verse. His "Pleadings" were printed at Paris, 1612, 4to. His French poems, after the greater part of them had been printed separately, were collected in a large volume, 4to, printed at Grenoble in 1624; and among them are some prose essays on the fountains of Vals and Vivarez, and on the use of medicinal waters; a supplement to the history of the chevalier Bayard, &c. He wrote also a treatise on "French orthography," Lyons, 1618, folio, in which, however, he has not shewn much judgment, having proposed to spell according to pronunciation; and upon the whole, it appears that, although a man of learning as well as probity, he was a better magistrate than a writer.

EXPILLI (JOHN JOSEPH), a French writer, and canontreasurer of the chapter of St. Marine at Tarascon, was born at St. Remy in Provence, of an obscure family, in

1 Moreri.-Dict, Hist,

1719. He was educated for the church, but his course of studies was general, and he early manifested a taste for voyages and works of geography, and expended all he was worth in gratifying this inclination, by travelling over part of Europe and the coasts of Africa to verify the relative situations of places, and correct the errors of former geographers. On his return, he employed himself in arranging and methodizing the observations and information he had collected on the climate, manners, population, and political interests of the different countries he had visited. These labours appeared so meritorious, that he was elected a member of the academies of Madrid, Stockholm, and Berlin. He died about the commencement of the French revolution, after having passed his life in successful study, and established an excellent character for benevolence. He published, as the result of his travels, 1. "Cosmographie," 1749, folio. 2. "Della casa Milano," 1753, 4to. 3. " Polychorographie," Avignon, 1755, 8vo, an abridged account of astronomy, chronology, history, geography, hydrography, &c. but too short to be useful, and altogether the worst of Expilli's works. 4. "Topographie de l'Univers," 1758, 2 vols. 8vo. 5. "Description de l'Angleterre, de l'Ecosse, et de Irelande," 1759, 12mo, executed with great truth and impartiality, and illustrated with many judicious reflections; the narrative is entertaining, but the author's inattention to his authorities has betrayed him into some blunders, although they do not affect the general merit of the performance. 6. " De la population de la France," 1765, folio, one of the best statistical accounts of the produce of French industry and cultivation, and very superior to all that had preceded. 7. "Dictionnaire geographique des Gaules et de la France," 1762-1770, 6 vols. folio. This work was left incomplete, but as far as it goes, appears to have given general satisfaction. 8. "Manuel geographe," 1782, a small volume for the use of schools, and well written.'

EXUPERIUS, a celebrated rhetorician, of the fourth century, who has frequently been confounded with a bishop of Toulouse, and with another bishop of Cahors of the same name, was a native of Bourdeaux, and taught eloquence at Toulouse and Narbonne. In this last mentioned city he was entrusted with the education of the two princes

Dict. Hist.