CONTENTS

OF

PART THE FIRST.

Confifling of ten Chapters, nine of which treat on the Formation of Colonies, on PRIN-
CIPLES of COMMERCE, combined with HUMANITY. The tenth Chap. con-
tains fome Account of the Colonies already formed in Africa, on PRINCIPLES
of COMMERCE unconnected with HUMANITY.

Introduction.

DR.
R. Sparrman, Capt. Arrhenius, and the Author, make a Voyage to Afr.-Dr. S. and the
Author examined by the British Privy Council.-Profeffor Zimmerman's opinion of Afr.

CHAP. I.

Obftructions to Colonization, particularly in Africa.

Plans of first European colonists ill digefted, §1.-Afr. neglected, and why, 2, 3.-Slave-
trade, §4.-W. Indies derive importance from Africa, § 5.-Oppofition of Merchants and
Planters, § 6.-Objections answered, § 7, et feq.

CHA P. II.

Character and Difpofition of the Africans.

Governments, &c. form national characters, § 11.-Afr. character mifreprefented, § 12.
Civilized nations governed by reafon; uncivilized, by the paffions, § 14.-The real character
of the Africans sketched, § 15, et feq.-Corrupted by Europeans, § 19.-Inftance in a chief,
21-Proofs of their industry and intelligence, § 23, et feq.

CHA P. III.

Civilization in general.

Will and understanding the leading faculties, $ 31.-Education and civilization defined
and compared, § 32, et feq.-Innocent luxury promotes civilization, § 36. (See alfo § 708,
727, et feq. 758.)-Agricultural colonies recommended, § 40. (See alfo § 173, et feq. 606,
757, et feq.)

3 D

CHAP.

365

CHA P. IV.

Climate, Soil, and Water.

Wet and dry feafons, § 43.-Quantity of raiu, § 45.-Thermometer and barometer, § 46.

-Soil from C. Blanco to Gambia, § 47.-Bafaltes, § 48.-Adanfon's account of foil from

Gambia to Nunez, § 49.-European factories ill fituated, § 50.-Qualities of rain and river

water, &c. § 51, 52.-Guinea worm, § 52.-How to cool and purify water, § 53, 54-

CHA P. V.
·Produce.

Slave-fhips bring little produce, § 55-Wood veffels deal in flaves, § 56.-E. and W. In-

dians oppofe import. of African produce, § 57.-Produce rots in Africa for want of convey-

ance, §58.-Valuable E. and W. Indian productions indigenous in Africa, § 59.-Animals,

§ 60.-Rice, wild fugar-canes, cotton, and indigo, woods, pepper, nutmegs, &c. § 61, et feq.

-Afr. cotton tried, § 64, (and used at Manchester, § 271.)-Hift. of coffee, § 69, note.--

400,000 guineas coined from Afr. gold, in one year, § 70.-Iron mines 700 miles up

Senegal, $71.

the

Men and plants affected by transplantation, § 73-Europeans regardless of health in Afr..

§ 74, 75.—Afr. if cleared, would be healthful, § 75.-Instance in St. Salvador, § 76, 80.-

Commerce preferred to health, § 77. (See alfo § 231, note, 271, note, 777.)-Causes of mor-

tality of foldiers and failors, and why fhips of war are healthful § 78.-Comparative falubrity

of different places, § 80.-Houfes, temporary and permanent, § 84, et feq. (See alfo plate I.)

-Diet, §87.-Sleep, drefs, and employment, § 88.-Cold bath, § 90. - Spirits to be kept

up, 91.-Mind comparatively neglected by phyficians, § 92, et feq.-Who stand Afr. cli-

mate beft, $95.-Mortality at Senegal escaped by temperance, § 97.

CHAP. VII.

General Reflections on Colonies, and the means of promoting them.
Colonial policy of modern Europe contracted, § 100.-It's evil confequences, § 102-Set-

tlements and colonies distinguished, ib. note.-Nations and their colonies compared to parents

and children, § 104, et feq.-Caufes of difcord between nations and their colonies, § 109.-Gre-

cian colonies, why profperous, § 110.-Some modern colonies originated in folly and injustice,

$111.-Others ftunted by monopoly and oppreffion, § 112.-Commission Commerce should be

encouraged in a new colony, & 114.-Communication between diftant regions of Afr. already

open, § 115, note.-Speculation commerce pernicious, § 116.-Speculators unconnected with

any community, § 117.-Lord Chatham's opinion of them, § 118.--Dr. Arbuthnot's, ib. note.

-And Dr. Johnson's, § 119.--Their operations tend to enflave mankind, § 121.-Becaufe

money is become independent of commodities, § 122.-Commercial colonies tend to flavery,

agricultural to liberty, § 123.-Neceffity of caution in forming colonies, § 125-How co-

lonifts

lonifts fhould be encouraged, § 126, 127.-Choice of colonifts, § 128, 129.-Native chiefs to

be conciliated, § 130.-Ufe of the Plough recommended, § 132.-Objections answered, § 133.

-Plough has been used fuccefsfully in the W. Indies, § 136.—Why not univerfally used

there, § 137-Remarkable inftance of it's fuccefs in the W. Indies, ib.-Commonly ufed in

the E. Indies, § 139.-Moft tropical articles may be raised with it, § 140.-LI. queries con-

cerning the inverted ftate of agriculture, finance, and commerce in European communities,

and hinting at 3 specific regulations in qu. XLIV. and LI.) § 142.

CHAP. VIII.

Hints on the Effentials of a colonial Government.

Education, § 143.-Colonists should inftruct natives by fchools and apprenticeships, § 144,

et feq. 161, note.-Ridiculous education of two O'Taheiteans in Europe, § 146, note.—Afr.

idea of God, § 149.-Toleration recommended, § 150.-Employments, § 151.-Contracts ma-

trimonial, focial, and civil, § 152, et feq.-Political balance, § 155.-Laws, judicial, political,

and œconomical, § 157, et feq.—External worship, § 161.-Health, 162.—Cultivation of raw

materials, § 163.-Manufactures, § 164-Commerce, § 165.-Internal polity and defence, by

frank pledge, § 166, et feq.-Finances, § 170.-Political arrangements, § 171.

CHAP. IX.

Specific Propofitions applied to the Cafe of a new Colony.
Syftem recommended, § 172.-Reasons for selecting a particular part of Afr. § 173, note.-

Prop. I. Directors of two claffes, and their departments, § 174, et feq.-Organization of go-

vernment, 179.-Prop. II. That the Directors fell the lands to proper perfons, to be cultivated

in a limited time, § 180, 181.-Excellent W. Indian regulations to this effect, § 180, note.—

Cleared iflands dry, but healthful, ib.-Prop. III. Rights of colonifts and subscribers, § 182.-

Prop. IV. Two courts of directors; deliberative in Europe, and executive in the colony, § 183.

-Prop. V. Directors must have visited the colony, § 184.—British colonies make their own

laws, § 184, note.-Jamaica abfentees heavily taxed, ibid.-Prop. VI. That oaths be difal-

lowed, because abused, § 185, and it's note.-Prop. VII. That commerce be free, and that

flave-traders be expelled, § 186.-Prop. VIII. That fubfcriptions, in money or goods, be

opened, at £60 for 500 acres of land (in Bulama,) § 187, 188.-Prop. IX. That all African

affociations act harmoniously, § 189.-Prop. X. That the current medium be founded on la-

bour, § 190.-Prop. XI. That frankpledge be introduced, § 191-Prop. XII. That a store

and discounting accounts be kept, § 192.-Prop. XIII. That the colonifts be taxed in 3 claffes,

$194. (See § 606, No. 3.)-Prop. XIV. That the purchase of land be limited, § 195.-

Prop. XV. That unmarried colonifts be taxed, and married ones partly exempted, § 196.--

Prop. XVI. That arrefts for debt be difallowed, because of their deplorable effects, § 197,

and it's note.-Prop. XVII. That mechanical inventions be encouraged, § 198.

367

CHA P. X.

Colonies formed or attempted in Africa on the Principles of
Commerce by the Portuguefe, Spaniards, French, Dutch, &c.

6

PORTUGUESE first explored the African Coat; but their communications fparing, and

their orthography unfettled § 200.-This sketch of Portug. Afri. reviewed by Col. Bolts b.

note.-Awerri § 202.--Angola § 203.-Congo § 204.-Leango and Benguela § 205.-Religious

fociety at Loando have 12,000 flaves § 206.-Miffionaries § 207.-Portug. flave-trade § 208

and 239 note.-Sofala produces yearly £1,666,666 in gold § 212.-Mount Ophir § 213.-

Mozambique, governor's duties above £60,000 fter. yearly $215.-Melinda city contains

30,000 Portug. &c. § 217.- Madeira defcribed § 221 et feq.-Yields 30,000 pipes of wine

yearly § 224.—It's animals, &c. § 224, 225.-Imports fish from Sweden and America 225.

-Swedish commerce and board of commerce § 225 note.-Inhabitants § 226, 227.-Go-

vernment and revenue § 228.-Swarm of priests § 230.-Population, births, deaths § 231.—

C. de Verd Islands described § 232, 233.-Inhabitants oppreffed by monopoly § 234, and by def-

pots and priests § 235.- Cloathed from Rag-fair in London, ib. note.-Complexion depends

chiefly on climate and mode of life § ib.-Agriculture bad § 236.-Dreadful famine in 1773.

ib. note, alfo § 241.-Exports St. Jago cloths, cattle to the Weft Indies, &c. § 237.—Har-

bours 239.-Curious ftones § 240.-People enflaved by the Duque D'Aveiro § 241.-10,000

of them fent to Biffao, where they moftly died § 242.-Sugar mills § 243.-Whale fishery,

orchella, manufactures § 244.-St. Thomas, it's produce, trade and manufactures 245 et feq.-

Produces the true cinnamon § 246 note.-Prince's Ifland, &c. eligible for colonies § 249.

SPANISH. CANARY ISLANDS § 251.-Tenerife it's productions § 253.-Pike ib.--

Population, manufactures, &c. § 254.-—Gran Canaria it's produce, population, &c. fometimes

diftreffed by locufts § 255, 256.-Palma it's produce, &c. fern-bread § 257.--Lancerota and

Fuerteventura infosted by affes, abound with orchella; I ancerota fertilized by a volcano § 258.

Swedish orchella monopolized by means of corruption § 258 note.-Wheat better than Euro-

pean 259.-Gomera might fubfift independently of other countries § 260.- Ferro § 261.

Humane policy of Spain, population, character of Canarians, inquifition, difcafes, commerce,

§ 262 et feq.-Comparative humanity of European nations to flaves § 263 note.--Revenue

exceeds that of British America and W. Indies § 268.

FRENCH. ISLE DE BOURBON, exports § 270.-Bourbon and Surat cotton compared

§ 271.-Operations on cotton where it grows, healthful, in Europe unhealthful, and why

§ 271 note.-Ile de France, population of it and Bourbon § 272.-Spices thrive there, and

the Dutch attempt to deftroy them by corrupting the gardeners $273.-Dutch profits on

fpices £750,000 annually ib.-Madagascar's former flourishing establishments there § 274-

Colony attempted, in 1767, § 275.-Benyowsky's enterprize in 1772, § 276, is not properly

fitted out 227, oppofed at the I. de France § 278, lands in Miadagascar § 279, builds a

fort and makes roads § 280, diftributes lands and digs a canal § 281, fome chiefs oppofe,

others support him § 282, cloaths his troops in the country cloth § 282, not supported by

the

the French miniftry ib. reported to be the fon of a native princefs § 284, acknowledged as fuch by feveral chiefs § 285, interrogated by 2 French commiffioners, receives their cirtificate and refigns § 286, ftatement of his accounts ib. note, ftates to the commiffioners fome most interefting particulars relative to the population and refources of Madagascar § 287; his plan for colonizing that ifland ib. note; is declared Ampanfacabe § 288; empowered to treat with France, for which he embarks § 289; inconfiftency of the French miniftry § 291.-The Count offers His Britannick Majefty 5000 foldiers and 2000 failors § 292, fails from London to Baltimore and thence to Madagascar, where he lands § 294; is killed by a party of French $296, his character § 298, infidious conduct of the French miniftry § 299, Madagascar cotton equal to Bourbon ib. note.

DUTCH. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, Van Riebeck proposes a colony there § 300.-Liberality and prudence of the Dutch E. India Co. § 301.-Obj. against colonizing in time of war ib. note.-Expenfe 1,000,000 of guilders annually, for the firft 20 years § 302.--Difficulties very great 303.-Soil, climate, animals, &c. § 304.-Exports, farming, tenure of lands 305, 306.-Dutch and Portug. policy contrafted § 307.-Mortality of men kidnapped by the Dutch Zeelvercoopers, or Soul-mongers, § 307.-No toleration at the Cape § 308.-Government, revenue, military and population § 309, et feq.

AUSTRIAN. DELAGOA BAY, Portug. fettle there § 312, and Dutch § 313.—Col. Bolts undertakes to colonize it for Austria § 315; fails in 1776, and is opposed by commercial bodies § 316; arrives, buys land, builds temporary houses, and begins trade § 317, et feq. goes to India, whence he fends a Mahommedan miffionary § 320.-Natives intelligent, &c. $321.-Wild fugar canes, cotton, rice, gold, &c. ib.-The colony thrives, but Prince Kaunitz difavows it, and the Portug, break it up § 322.--Col. Bolts the restorer of the Austrian E, India trade § 323.-Ridiculous claims of Spain and Portugal § 324.-Ridiculous grant of Cha. II. to the Eng. Afr. Co. § 325.-He and his brother, Ja. D. of York, were flave traders, ib.-Charles II. was alfo concerned in privateering, ib.

NEW ANECDOTES. Col. Bolts confulted by Guft. III. about a Swedish colony § 326,
-New plan of the Afr. affociation of London for exploring Afr. § 327.

ADVERTISEMENT. The reader cautioned against mifunderstanding the author's meaning respecting colonization on commercial principles; which he entirely difapproves. Caufes of the delay of this publication.-The plan enlarged, which gave rife to its divifion into two parts.

CONTENTS

369