tion of the supervisory powers of the state auditor. In charities and corrections he shows that a measure of concentration has been wrought by the moral rather than by the legal authority of the board of state charities; while in the spheres of public health and inspection, which are of much later growth, the central authorities have been vested with considerable power from the outset. A few slips in dates and minor facts have been noticed, but the monograph is none the less a distinct contribution on the side of the history of administration in Ohio. WILBUR H. SIEBERT.

A List of Books (with References to Periodicals) on the Philippine Islands in the Library of Congress, with Chronological List of Maps in the Library of Congress. By A. P. C. Griffin, Chief of Division of Bibliography, and P. Lee Phillips, Chief of Division of Maps and Charts. (Washington, Government Printing Office, 1903, pp. xv, 397.) This is a reprint in separate form of a Philippine bibliography already issued as a Senate document. It is to be followed also by the publication in separate form of the Biblioteca Filipina, or Philippine bibliography, prepared by Dr. T. H. Pardo de Tavera, of Manila. The two may be expected to form the most complete and useful Philippine bibliography in existence.

The few students who have lately given some attention to Philippina in the United States will not be surprised at the length of the list of books and maps accumulated by the Library of Congress, in large part since 1898, since which time special efforts have been made in this direction. There are 142 pages devoted to titles of works on the Philippines prior to American occupation. These are classified by subjects, showing the Library of Congress to be best supplied in the sections of description, discovery and early exploration, ethnology, history, languages, missions, natural history, and political and social economy. It is difficult, however, to classify with precision a great proportion of the works on the Philippines, especially of the early friar-chronicles, which were discursions in pious vein on nearly every feature of Spanish conquest and Philippine (though not Filipino) life. For instance, the valuable fourteenvolume work of Father Juan de la Concepción (Manila, 1788-1792) is here listed under missions, when, as a matter of fact, it is the best historical work on the islands up to the nineteenth century. To note a small slip in the excellent bibliographical introduction by Mr. Griffin, the Estadismo of Father Martinez de Zuñiga does not cover the author's observations to 1818, the year of his death, but only to 1805 or 1806.

In the section devoted to writings produced by the last five years of American occupation, we find that the Library catalogues nearly two hundred volumes, aside from some two hundred and fifty public documents of the government of the United States. It is better supplied with miscellaneous writings on this period produced in Spain than with documents of the Filipino insurgents. Approximately one thousand articles in periodicals are catalogued, practically all appearing since May,

1898, and few foreign periodicals being cited aside from those of England. Yet this list does not, of course, deal with any articles appearing in the daily press, unless reproduced in more permanent form, nor is it, moreover, a complete list, though the publications not here listed are in the main unimportant. If some guide is needed as to the mass of data accumulated since 1898, it is none the less necessary for the whole preceding period of Philippine history; there has been a tremendous waste of ink both before and since 1898.

In

Mr. Griffin has appended very useful subject and author indexes. the section devoted to maps and charts of the Philippines, 132 pages in all, Mr. Phillips has similarly appended geographical and author indexes. He has catalogued 860 maps and charts of the Philippines, or portions of the archipelago, from 1519 to 1903, to be found in the Library of Congress. JAMES A. LE ROY.

NOTES AND NEWS

We have received a communication from Professor Jameson in which he states that in reviewing Volume VII. of the Cambridge Modern History (REVIEW, IX. 367, 368) he unwittingly did Professor McMaster an injustice in alluding to certain omissions in his chapters. He states that he has since been informed, though not by Professor McMaster nor with his knowledge, that the chapters by President Wilson and Professor Bigelow were already in print before Professor McMaster was invited to contribute the intervening chapters, and that he was requested not to duplicate anything which had already been covered.

After a long illness, filled with great suffering, Professor Hermann Eduard von Holst died at his home in Freiburg on January 20, at the age of sixty-two years, thus bringing to its close a career long, eventful, and varied. He was born on June 19, 1841, at Fellin, in Livonia, the son of a poor Lutheran clergyman. He received his early education in a private gymnasium in Fellin, and in the spring of 1860 entered the German university at Dorpat, where he spent three years. After two years at Heidelberg he received his doctorate, but the hardships and privations he had endured for the sake of his education left a permanent effect upon his health. In 1867, while in France, he published a political pamphlet on the significance of the attempt made the preceding year on the life of the czar, in which he criticized the Russian government and ministry so pointedly that only a timely warning saved him from possible exile in Siberia. As it was, he engaged a steerage passage to America and arrived in New York alone and without money. In the course of his struggle for bare existence he passed from the position of day-laborer to that of newspaper correspondent and teacher. The turning-point in his career was when, through the instrumentality of von Sybel and Friedrich Kapp, to whom he had become known, he was engaged by three Bremen merchants, interested in spreading in Germany better knowledge of American life, to write for German readers a few magazine or newspaper articles upon America. From this small beginning grew his Constitutional History of the United States. In 1872 he became Professor Extraordinarius at the newly-founded University of Strassburg, filling the chair of American history and constitutional law. Before leaving America to accept this position he was married to Miss Annie Isabelle Hatt. Before long he published the first volume of his Verfassung und Democratie der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika, which led almost directly to his becoming professor of modern history at Freiburg in 1874. In 1878 the Prussian Academy of Sciences sent him to

America to gather material for more volumes of his Constitutional History. During this and a later visit to America he lectured at several universities and received more than one offer of a chair of history. From 1881 to 1892 he actively engaged in public life, being a member of the Baden Landtag and part of the time privy councillor. In 1892 he came to the University of Chicago as head of the department of history, a position which he held until his death, the university refusing to accept his resignation when, in 1899, he was obliged to stop active work. As a historian his fame rests chiefly on his Constitutional History: other works of his are, John C. Calhoun, John Brown, and the French Revolution Tested by Mirabeau's Career. He was a stern moralist and valued history chiefly for its practical bearing on current problems. He can hardly be said to belong to the scientific school of historical writers, but his devotion to history, his keen insight, his masterly powers of generalization, give him a place high in his profession. Chief among the appreciations of his life and work may be noted the articles by Professors Jameson and Laughlin in The University of Chicago Record for October, 1903, and those in the Nation of January 28 and the Review of Reviews for March.

Parke Goodwin, formerly editor of the New York Evening Post, died at New York January 7. He was born in Paterson, New Jersey, in 1816, and graduated from Princeton. He was with the New York Evening Post for fifty years, and was for a time editor of Putnam's Monthly, and of the Brook Farm newspaper, The Harbinger. Among his best-known works are Pacific and Constructive Democracy, Popular Views of the Doctrines of Charles Fourrier, Cyclopedia of Biography, History of France, and Out of the Past.

Rufus Blanchard, said to have been the oldest cartographer in the United States, died at Wheaton, Illinois, January 3. He was the author of a Political History of the United States, a History of Illinois, and a History of the Northwest and Chicago.

Richard Price Hallowell, author of The Quaker Invasion of Massachusetts and The Pioneer Quakers, died at West Medford, Massachusetts, on January 5.

Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Wormeley Latimer, novelist, contributor to the magazines, and author of several historical works of a popular order, died January 4, in her eighty-second year. She left about half-finished a book on modern Germany, which was intended to be the concluding volume in her series on various European countries in the nineteenth century.

The death of Sir Leslie Stephen occurred in London on February 22. Historical students will recall especially his work on The Dictionary of National Biography, of which he was editor until 1891, during the issue of the first twenty-six volumes. They will have in mind also, among numerous other titles, his History of English Thought in the Eighteenth Century, Studies of a Biographer, The English Utilitarians, lives of Sir

Henry Fawcett and Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, and recently a modest part as editor of the letters of John Richard Green.

Among recent deaths in the historical ranks is that of Ulysse Robert, whose service is attested by his Inventaire des Cartulaires, his Inventaire Sommaire des Manuscrits des Bibliothèques, his large part in the Catalogue des Manuscrits des Bibliothèques de France, which is now nearly finished; and by numerous other works, notably books on Pope Stephen X., Pope Calixtus II., and Philibert of Chalon.

The life and work of Mommsen were such as to call for considerable review in the historical periodicals of Europe. Attention may be called especially to the article by F. Haverfield in the January number of the English Historical Review; to the long account, by K. J. Neumann, in the Historische Zeitschrift (XCII. 2); to the brief but well-thought account by C. Jullian in the Revue Historique for January; and to the study by T. F. Tout in the Cornhill Magazine for February. The appreciative funeral address delivered by Adolph Harnack has been published in the form of an inexpensive pamphlet : Rede bei der Begräbnisfeier Theodor Mommsens (Leipzig, J. C. Hinrichs). At least one account among those in American periodicals should be mentioned, that by J. B. Carpenter in the Atlantic Monthly for March.

Dr. G. T. Lapsley, of the University of Pennsylvania, has been appointed lecturer and fellow in Trinity College, Cambridge, to take the place of Professor Leathes. His work will consist largely of lecturing and will be wholly in the field of medieval English and continental history.

66

Transitional Eras in Thought, by Dr. A. C. Armstrong (Macmillan, 1904), is an inquiry into the development of western thought and culture, and particularly their development during the epochs" when they may be said to be in a state of transition. Throughout the book, however, the aim is to analyze the conditions and changes of the present age. The chapter on "The Historical Spirit and the Theory of Evolution" is of especial interest to the student of history. In it the author discusses the increased interest in historical studies and the change from the pragmatic to the scientific method, and seeks to discover both the causes and the results of this development.

The relation between history and sociology forms the subject of the opening article of the Revue de Synthèse Historique for October: "Histoire et Sociologie", by Paul Mantoux. Two other articles of the same number of this review may also be noted here: "La Philosophie de l'Histoire de Carlyle ", by P. Hensel; and "Les Rapports de la Géographie Humaine avec la Géographie de la Vie", an account of progress of work in this field, with some suggestions as to work still to do, by P. Vidal de la Blache. The December number contains, among other matter, "Les Sources Psychologiques des Théories des Races", by F. Hertz; and the second of a series of articles by P. Huvelin, on work done and to do on the history of commercial law: "Droit Commercial (les Travaux