COMMUNICATION

THE EARLY NORMAN JURY

I have read with very great surprise, in Mr. Haskins's valuable article on "The Early Norman Jury" (AM. HIST. REV., VIII. 613 ff.), his comments on my Calendar of Documents Preserved in France. Mr. Haskins asserts that" one's faith in the thoroughness of the editor's researches is sadly shaken by the discovery that in spite of the obviously close connection of the diocese of Bayeux with English history, Mr. Round did not examine any of the cartularies of Bayeux cathedral, the monastic cartularies of the diocese preserved in the cathedral library, or the cartulary of the hospital of Bayeux." He is good enough to add that "Very likely the example may not be typical," but he must be well aware that it is precisely the reverse. For the Bayeux documents are relegated to an appendix at the end of my volume, on the express ground (as explained in a note) that I was unable to visit Bayeux for their collation. The reader, therefore, is duly warned that this section of my work stands on a different footing.

The case of the Bayeux documents is peculiar, for such documents are usually found in the Archives Départementales, all of which I visited. Mr. Haskins justly says that I "labored under the disadvantage" of having to base my work " upon a collection of old transcripts," and as a matter of fact, the Government only sanctioned the publication on the ground that these transcripts had been acquired at considerable cost by the old Record Commission with the intention of printing them, and that they ought to be made available for use in the form of a calendar. No further research was contemplated, and that which I undertook was voluntary on my part and was intended to increase the collection for the benefit of scholars. It seems, therefore, somewhat ungracious to complain that my additions were not exhaustive, as, except for my offer, there would have been none at all.

J. HORACE ROUND.

NOTES AND NEWS

Mr. W. E. H. Lecky, whose death occurred near the end of October, has been for more than a generation one of the best-known of English men of letters. His History of the Rise and Influence of the Spirit of Rationalism in Europe, published in 1865, introduced him immediately to a wide public; and the History of European Morals, which came out four years later, but confirmed his position as a writer possessing remarkable constructive power, and with it an attractive style. His genius for selecting and ordering facts appeared at its best in the History of England in the Eighteenth Century, which appeared from 1878 to 1890. Considerable portions of this work seem destined to be classic, and students of modern British history can hardly disregard any of it. Latterly Mr. Lecky gave his attention to practical questions and published, chiefly, Democracy and Liberty (1896), and Map of Life (1899).

The early autumn witnessed the death of Canon Overton, known for his writings in church history and biography. Many readers will recall, among his numerous productions, The English Church in the Eighteenth Century, which he did in conjunction with Mr. Abbey; Life in the English Church, 1660-1714; and The Life of John Wesley, in the series "English Leaders of Religion." His last published work was The Nonjurors, Their Lives, Principles and Writings, which will doubtless be standard for a considerable time.

By the death of Theodor Mommsen, which occurred at Berlin on November 1, historical studies have lost the active support of a great scholar, a great organizer and leader of other scholars, and a great writer. Some fifteen years ago he was already author of a thousand pieces, many small but others filling folios, and since then he has been producing almost continuously. The Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, the Römisches Staatsrecht, the History of Rome, large as each seems in itself, form but a part of his unparalleled output. At the same time he was constantly inspiring and guiding work by others. While half of the twenty-odd volumes of the Corpus are due to himself, for the rest he acted as editor; and in like manner he aided in the preparation of other collections undertaken by various German learned societies, chiefly the Berlin Academy. By such tremendous labor, combined with the most sensitive human sympathies, he made Roman history over. One could wish that all of the History, like the volume on the provinces and like the Staatsrecht, were the fruit of his later rather than his earlier years; but as it is, it will always command the attention of every serious student of the development of the Roman state. On at least the constitutional side of the subject, Mommsen was able to take good advan( 413 )

tage of that preparation of materials on which he spent most of his life; and those who follow him will probably never appreciate in what condition Roman history was when he began upon it.

The death of the historian Onno Klopp occurred recently at Vienna. He will be remembered especially for a fourteen-volume work on the fall of the Stuarts and the succession of the house of Hanover, and more recently for a three-volume work on the Thirty Years' War to the death of Gustavus Adolphus. From Vienna comes news also of the premature death of E. Mühlbacher, professor of the history of the middle ages and of the auxiliary sciences of history, author of many studies in these fields, and director of the Mittheilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung.

Historical studies in Denmark have lost one of their principal leaders by the death of C. F. Bricka. Besides acting as director-general of the public archives, he wrote extensively, edited documents, managed two reviews, and latterly, with the aid of many collaborators, carried on almost to its conclusion the Dansk Biografisk Lexikon.

General Edward McCrady, second vice-president of the American Historical Association, died at Charleston, his native city, on November 2, at the age of seventy-one. His historical work, begun late in life though it was, was completed a year before his death, and his four volumes containing the history of South Carolina under the lords proprietors, under royal government, and in the Revolutionary period have deservedly taken high place among the many colonial and state histories.

General Bradley T. Johnson died at Rock Castle, Goochland County, Va., on October 5, 1903. He served in the Confederate army throughout the war with distinction and at the close took up his residence in Richmond for a few years and then moved to Baltimore, where he gave particular attention to constitutional law. As a writer he gained some note, among his best-known works being The Confederate History of Maryland and a Memoir of General Joseph E. Johnston. Just before the Spanish War he went to Cuba as a correspondent and wrote a series of interesting articles on the situation there.

Major Charles H. Smith, better known as "Bill Arp," died at Atlanta, Ga., August 25, 1903. Among his writings were A Side Show of the Southern Side of the War and Georgia as a Colony and State, 1733-1893.

The University Record of the University of Chicago for October, 1903, contains an account of the presentation of the portrait of Professor Hermann Eduard von Holst to the university. Notable among the addresses are those by Professor John Franklin Jameson on "Professor von Holst as a Historian" and by Professor James Lawrence Laughlin on the "Life and Character of Professor von Holst."

Professor Kendric Charles Babcock, recently assistant-professor of history in the University of California, was inaugurated as president of the University of Arizona on November 4, 1903.

Professor St. George L. Sioussat has resigned his position in Smith College to accept the professorship of history and economics in the University of the South. He will begin his work at Sewanee in March.

Dr. J. W. Garner has been appointed instructor in history and public law in the University of Pennsylvania.

Dr. G. W. Scott, formerly of the University of Pennsylvania, who as research assistant in the Carnegie Institution of Washington is engaged in making an exhaustive study of the law of claims, has been appointed chief of the Law Division of the Library of Congress, and is about to sail for Europe to look up important works on foreign law for the library. It is his intention to make the Law Division the most complete in the United States, especially on the subject of claims, in which branch it has heretofore been very weak.

Volume II. of the Annual Report of the American Historical Association for 1902 contains the sixth report of the Historical Manuscripts. Commission, accompanied by the diary and correspondence of Salmon P. Chase. The Chase papers are grouped in the following divisions: The diary, from July 21 to October 12, 1862; Selected letters of Chase between 1846 and 1861; Letters from George S. Denison to Chase, 1862-1865; Miscellaneous letters to Chase, 1842-1870. These papers are preceded by a calendar of the letters heretofore printed and a chronological list of the letters in this volume. The editorial work is by the chairman of the commission, Professor E. G. Bourne, with the exception of that upon the Denison correspondence, which is by Professor Moore. The selected letters written by Chase are mainly from his correspondence with Charles Sumner and Edward S. Hamlin. The Manuscripts Commission announces that through the kindness of Mr. Worthington C. Ford it will be able to publish the diplomatic correspondence of the French ministers to the United States - Ternant, Genet, Fauchet, and

The transcripts of this correspondence were made from the originals in the Archives des Affaires Étrangères in Paris for Mr. Ford and his brother, the late Paul Leicester Ford. The papers will be edited by Professor Turner, who states that they throw much light on the struggle for the Mississippi Valley and show clearly the policy of France from 1791 to 1797- It is hoped that this material will be published in the report for 1903.

The North Central History Teachers Association held its fifth annual meeting at Champaign, Ill., April 10, under the auspices of the University of Illinois. Reuben Gold Thwaites spoke on the subject "Historical Societies in Relation to the Teaching of History." He outlined the function of the societies as the collection and preservation of the sources of history, the function of the teacher being to lead the students to make use of the sources. Professor James A. James of Northwestern University made an informal report on "Some Considerations Connected with the French Interpretation of the X. Y. Z. Affair." By quotations from the despatches of Adet, Letombe, and other official representatives of

France in the United States, he showed that these representatives invariably represented the majority of Americans as in sympathy with the French, a fact which goes far to explain the characteristic delays of the French diplomacy of the time. He said that the belief was general among French statesmen that their diplomatic policy had been the most potent cause of the downfall of the Federalist party. Talleyrand's own interpretation of the X. Y. Z. affair was shown to have been generally acceptable to Frenchmen of the time. President Draper spoke on his personal "Recollections of General Grant." Dr. Joseph Warren of the University of Chicago read a paper on "Shays' Rebellion," in which he dealt chiefly with the causes of the insurrection, which were economic rather than political; and with the action of the Congress of the Confederation. The last paper, by Mr. Frank Hamsher, principal of the preparatory department of the University of Illinois, dealt with the report. of the Committee of Seven. Mr. Hamsher expressed the opinion that if only two years could be given, in most cases, to the study of history in preparatory schools, the attempt should not be made to take the pupil beyond the fourth century in ancient history. Following him, in discussion, Miss Harriet G. King of the Oak Park, Ill., High School, expressed the opinion that United States history and civics should be taught together throughout the year. At the business meeting the following officers were chosen: President, Charles W. Mann; Vice-President, Phoebe T. Sutliff; Secretary-Treasurer, James W. Fertig.

The second annual meeting of the History Teachers Association of the Middle States and Maryland will be held in Philadelphia, March 11 and 12, 1904. A programme of unusual excellence and interest to teachers of history in both colleges and secondary schools will be presented. Professor C. H. Haskins, of Harvard University, will read a paper on "The History Curriculum in the College." Dr. James Sullivan, of the High School of Commerce, New York City, will read the report of a committee of college and secondary teachers on "Coördination of Work of College and Secondary Schools in History." President Scott, of Rutgers College, will report for a committee of college professors on "What the College Expects of the Secondary School in Entrance Examinations in History." The reports of both committees will be discussed by college and secondary teachers. The address of the session will be delivered by President Finley, of the City College, New York City, on the subject, "A Precursor." The association desires all persons interested in historical study to become members. The fee is one dollar a year. Announcements will be sent to all who send their addresses to the secretary, Professor E. H. Castle, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City.

Freeman's Historical Geography of Europe, which has been out of print for a number of years, has now been issued in a new edition, revised by Professor Bury (Longmans).