THIRD MEETING. AT a meeting of this Society held in St John's College at 8.30 P.M. on Thursday, Nov. 27, the President, Prof. SKEAT, in the Chair, R. WHITELAW, M.A., Esq., Trinity College, was elected a member of the Society. Two papers by Professor PALEY were communicated to the Society. (1) On Aesch. Eumen. 800 and 830 (Dindorf). The two speeches of Athena (794-807 and 824-836) should contain an equal number of lines. Prof. Paley suggested that there might be an error in 830-1, objecting to the phrase κаprov yλwoons and to pépovτa in the sense of causing. He proposed either (i) to expel as interpolated 802 тEVENT...σтaλáypara, and to place 831 of the MS text after 803, reading 800 to 804 thus ὑμεῖς δὲ χώρᾳ τῇδε μὴ βαρὺν κότον καρπὸν φέροντα πάντα μὴ πράσσειν καλῶς. "Do you on your parts not bring your heavy wrath to bear on this country, do not continue your anger nor the discharging of deadly influences that cruelly consume the seeds, so as to prevent all fruit-bearing plants from thriving well." There would then be a lacuna of two lines after 830: or (ii) to read 829-831 thus, σὺ δ ̓ εὐπιθὴς ἐμοὶ γλώσσης ματαίας μὴ ἐκβάλῃς ἐπὶ χθόνα comparing for кßáλλev кóμжоv Eur. Troad. 1180. (2) On SpaFéas in No. 314 of Roehl's Inscriptiones Graecae antiquissimae. τάσδε γ' ̓Αθαναία δραμέας Κλεξάριστος ἔθηκε Ηρᾳ τε, ὡς καὶ κῆνος ἔχοι κλέος ἄπθιτον αἰεί. Prof. Paley, citing the scansion Spuò's in Hesiod ("Epy. 436), the accent of the nominative Spûs, the Sanskrit drus and daru, the old Irish daur, the Sclavonic drevo (a tree) dreva (sticks), the long syllable in Spuμós, etc., argued that one form of the root was SpaF, from which form he derived SpaFéas (trees) in the inscription. "The altar was placed in a consecrated réuevos of oak or fir (eipas Spvòs, Soph. Trach. 766)": Kai Keîvos implies "that the dedicator of the réuevos hoped to get glory as long as his trees lived, like other consecrators of groves and trees with altars under their shade." In the name of the dedicator (not previously read) Prof. Paley pointed out the play on κλéos. The first two letters are "not A but pA, the koppa being used in place of K." The writing is archaic, E EKEHEPAITEHOM KAIKENOM &c. Dr FENNELL offered some observations on the 'Stanford' Dictionary. He argued that the very satisfactory progress of the collection of materials for the Stanford' Dictionary furnished strong reasons for increasing the number of readers, and he urged that each member of the Philological Society should make a point of finding one or more contributors, who can get full instructions on application to Dr Fennell. He illustrated the importance of increasing the number of readers by showing as follows how one quotation and one book might affect questions of English etymology. First as to battoon. It is probable that this form had a considerable influence in causing Prof. Skeat to change his mind and decide that galloon and balloon are not borrowed directly from Spanish. For, of the nouns ending in -oon which are certainly or most probably derived directly from French, maroon and cocoon are modern, pompoon and tampoon may have followed lampoon, boon (adj.), and pantaloons breeches' may have been affected by the English subs. boon and the comic pantaloon respectively; so that lampoon and rigadoon seem the only French words in -oon besides battoon which cannot be explained as above, or as due to Italian or Spanish. Indeed, their weightier beginning makes the -oon of lampoon, rigadoon, tampoon, and pampoon more explicable as a rough representation of the French accent than is the -oon of galloon, balloon, battoon. But a contributor has sent the spelling bastoone dated 1603. This one quotation suggests that the form battoon is a compromise between French and Italian, and by consequence seriously weakens the evidence in favour of inclining to French when in doubt whether words ending in -oon are derived by us from French or on the other hand from Italian or Spanish. Such words are buffoon, bassoon, pantaloon (1); festoon, cartoon; musketoon, dragoon, platoon, pontoon; galloon, shalloon; doubloon, balloon, macaroon, saloon, and the forms testoon, poltroon. Again the one spelling 'personage' = parsonage, in Latimer's 7 Sermons, suggests that parsonage may be not a coined word, but that personage, as a translation of the Eccl. Lat. personatus, has followed the change of the Ecclesiastical person in pronunciation. To come now to one book, the etymological and lexicographical importance of Capt. John Smith's Works (Arber, 1883) is noteworthy. He gives for bittacle, binnacle, the form bittakell, date 1626 (some 100 years earlier than the published references). In the old Encycl. Brittan. 1797 the binacle (so spelt) is described and figured as having two compasses; so that bin-, binn- for bittmay be due to the Latin bino- rather than to confusion with English bin. Smith also spells capstan 'capstern', which spelling favours a direct derivation from Spanish cabestrante, but of course the intrusive r of testern must be remembered. = Smith spells (1624) palisado more than once with a z, e.g. p. 654, thus proving at once that the sixteenth and seventeenth century Spanish z might become s in English (compare cargason, crusado, lasso, sarsparilla, saraband). It has just been assumed that Smith's -ado Spanish -ada; for Smith confirms Prof. Skeat's suggestion under bravado (Supplement), "that the English turned -ada into -ado in certain words such as barricado, ambuscado, &c." A more general assertion might indeed be madethat the English in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries generally changed Spanish (sometimes Italian) a's, which they did not accent, into o, e.g. potato, tobacco, barrico, botargo, turnado, bastinado. All these with ambuscado, palisado, and barricado (perhaps = Spanish barricado, Meadows) occur in Smith's Works. Again armado, crusado, primero, montero, bigothero (Howell-Arber), junto (by junta), salvo of Artillery (Spanish salva, a salute,' confused by Mahn with salvo for salvo jure), pomado (Italian) show o for a. In view of these analogies the English stockade may be referred to Spanish estacada, 'palisade, paling, place for a duel'. Information is wanted about passerado: Smith, Works, p. 798 "Bend your passerado to the mayne-sayle". Ben Jonson's rodomantada (Ed. 1616, since changed to rodomontado as in Prof. Skeat's reference) supports Prof. Skeat's derivation of strappado from Italian strappata and of gambado from Italian gambata, and so perhaps does Ben Jonson's passada [Every Man in his Humour, p. 54 (1616)], but cf. Spanish pasada. The best instance of o= Spanish a unaccentuated is comorado (1626), three o's for three a's, Smith, Works, p. 791. This one quotation completes the proof of the Spanish derivation of comrade, and shows the naval origin of the word. Smith's puttargo for botarga supports Prof. Skeat's view of ambuscade. Setting aside Dr Murray's Scotch instance of "ambuscaid" dated 1582-8, his quotations show that ambuscade is not older than ambuscado, so that the claims of the French embuscade and Spanish embuscado to the paternity of the English ambuscade are about equal, and at any rate ambuscado seems quite independent of the French ambuscade. We have then eleven o's besides those of -ado's manifestly put for Spanish or Italian a's, which instances give strong support to the view that the 17 -ado's mentioned are for -ada's (or -ata's). Dr Murray, however, under "-ado 2" attributes forms which ought to end in -ada -ata, if Spanish or Italian were closely followed, to : "An ignorant, sonorous refashioning of sbs. in -ade, a. French -ade fem. (Spanish -ada, Italian -ata) probably after the assumed analogy of renegade=renegado; e.g. ambuscado, bastinado, bravado, barricado, carbonado, camisado, crusado, grenado, gambado, palisado, panado, scalado, stoccado, strappado, all of which in Spanish have (or would have) -ada. So armado obs. var. of armada." = Now, according to the English fashion illustrated above of turning Spanish a's into o's it is much simpler to regard this -ado 2 as representing the Spanish -ada or Italian -ata, with the reservation that the e of grenado may be due to the French grenade. There is only one word in Dr Murray's instances, given above, for which a Spanish or Italian equivalent is not forthcoming. This one word is camisado. If however Smith, or whoever introduced camisado, knew the original meaning of the term and also the Spanish camisa shirt', the refashioning of French camisade into camisado would scarcely deserve to be called 'ignorant', as it is on the analogy of the English treatment of unaccented Spanish a's (the knowledge of Spanish camisa may have prevented the spelling comisado); while it is quite possible that there was a Spanish camisada, not recorded in Dictionaries. Whether the corresponding English forms in -ade are severally adaptations of the forms in -ado or adopted French forms in -ade, it is not an object of this paper to discuss. It has been shown how much evidence on points of etymology may be found in one book. In conclusion it is to be observed that Capt. Smith twice spells' davit' David, and the capital initial and italics show that he regarded the term as identical with the proper name 'David'. ERRATA. p. 1, for 'on the condition' read' on the condition of the Society'. p. 8, at end of line 1, insert on 'Thursday, March 6'. |