EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX.

Fig. 1.

An old Bergamot Pear headed down at the cicatrix a, taken from the wall and planted out as a dwarf standard.

b. A wound, covered with the composition, where a large upright shoot was cut off, to give the leading shoot freedom to grow straight.

Fig. 2.

The different appearances of the insect so destructive to pear-trees.

This insect is inclosed in a case, and, when fixed on the leaf on which it feeds, appears as represented at a, a, a, which is about its natural size.

b. The case magnified.

c. The case, with the Insect in motion, magnified

d. The Insect magnified.

e. The Moth.

f. The Chrysalis.

g. The Chrysalis magnified.

Fig. 3.

The coccus which infests peach, nectarine, and pear-trees.

a, a, a. The insect, the natural size, on a branch of a pear-tree.

b, b, b. The same magnified.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE X.

a, a, a, &c. THE young bearing wood of a vine trained in a serpentine manner, with the buds for the present year appearing. These shoots are generally cut out in the winter pruning, as low as c, c, c, &c. to produce wood for next year.

The shoots b, b, &c. produce fruit in the usual manner, also young wood for the following year, which must not be topped, but only have the side shoots picked off. Two or three of the strongest young shoots from each of those b, b, &c. will be sufficient, and they must be laid in at full length.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI.

Fig. 1.

GRAFTING in the rind, shoulder-grafting, or

erown-grafting.

a. The stock grafted.

b. The manner of raising the bark to receive the cion or graft.

C. The graft prepared for inserting.

Fig. 2.

Cleft-grafting, stock-grafting, or slit-grafting.

d. The stock grafted.

e. The stock prepared for receiving the graft.

f. The cion ready for inserting.

d, d, d. Different views of incisions made for the purpose of obtaining young wood.

e. A young shoot coming out at the lower part of the incision.

buds.

i. The graft prepared for inserting.

Fig. 4.

Inoculating or budding.

k. The manner of making the incision in the bark.

1. The bud inserted, and the bark laid over it.

m.

A shoot shewing the manner of cutting off the

n.

A vessel with a little loam, covered with wet moss, so stick the lower end of the shoot in, to keep it moist till used.

0.

A bud taken off and ready for inserting.

Fig. 5 and 6.

Inarching, or grafting by approach.

p. Grafting on a stock in a pot.

q. Grafting on a stock growing near the tree from which it is to be grafted on.

r, s.

The shoot and stock prepared.

t, t. Two branches inarched where the natural ones had failed, now properly united with the body of the tree; the lower parts being cut off.

u, u.

Two branches lately inarched for the same purpose, and when properly united with the stem, are to be cut off at u, u, u, u.

graft.

w, x.

The manner of preparing the stock and

v. A natural shoot coming out where the branch was inarched the preceding year.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII.

THIS plate represents an old stunted oak, which was headed down about six years ago. At that time it was full of wounds and blemishes, now nearly healed.

a. The place where the tree was headed, afterwards covered with the composition.