XX. 1782. and William Hornby, esq. president of the council BOOK at Bombay, having in sundry instances acted in a manner repugnant to the honor and policy of this nation, and thereby brought great calamities on India, and enormous expences on the East-India Company, it is the duty of the directors of the said Company to pursue all legal and effectual means for the removal of the said governor-general and president from their said offices, and to recall them to Great-Britain." But this resolution, though confirmed by the court of directors, the proprietary refused to ratify; and the house of commons, with the characteristic indecision and inconstancy of a popular assembly, took no subsequent measures to enforce it *. * "About the prosperity of that great empire in the government of which every proprietor of India stock to a certain amount is intrusted with a share," says the celebrated author of The Wealth of Nations (vol. iii. book 5.), "he seldom cares at all. No other sovereigns ever were, or from the nature of things ever could be, so perfectly indifferent about the happiness or misery of their subjects, the improvement or waste of their dominions, the glory or disgrace of their administration, as from irresistible moral causes the greater part of such a mercantile company are and necessarily must be.By a strange absurdity (vol. ii. book 4.) they regard the character of the sovereign but as an appendix to that of the merchant; as something which ought to be made subservient to it; or by means of which they may be enabled to buy cheaper in India, and thereby to sell with a better profit in Europe. But if the genius of such a government, even as to what con-. The war in India was still carried on with wark success. The valuable settlements of Negapetrara on the Coromandel coast, and Trinquemale in the island of Ceylon, belonging to the D-rch, were captured by the English. On the other hand, colonel Braithwaite, with a detachment of the Com cerna ita ditection in Vestige, is in thus manner exentia.iy fanity, that of its administrations in India is stil, more so, A corincil of the pehants can command chadaram ony by mag force, and their government as therdore teresat ly t. litery and Aceporucal. Time proper business, however, is that of It is to sell upon their master's account the İstajem gonda katus stand toy them, and to buy in return Indian gooria for the kitoje du market. It is to mil the one as deat and say the other as cheap as possible, and comsgely to mula as much as poss. de all wility. The gears of the adminstration is therefore so far the same as that of the direc tion. It tends to make government subservient to the interests of monogrdy, All the members of administration, besides, trade more or less upon their own account; and it is in vain to peobiont them from doing so If by an order from Berope they cannot act openly and directly, they will employ the whole authority of government, and pervert the administration of justice, in order to harass and ruin those who interfere with them in any branch of commerce which, by means of agents either concealed or at least not publicly avowel, they may choose to carry on. It is a very singular government, in which every member of the administration wishes to get out of the country, and consequently to have done with the government, as soon as he can; and to whose interest the day after he has left it, and carried his whole fortune with him, it is perfectly indifferent though the whole country were swallowed up by an earthquake," XX. pany's troops, was totally routed on the banks of BOOK the Coleroon by Tippoo Saib, son of Hyder Ally, assisted by a body of French troops; after which Cuddalore surrendered to the victors. Invading the 1780, he re 1782 operations The operations of the war on the Malabar coast Military were conducted by general Goddard with a great in India. display of military skill and spirit. province of Guzzerat, in the year duced the city of Amedabad, its capital; and on the 2d of April he stormed the camp of the Mahrattas, commanded by Madajee Scindia, whom he totally defeated. Entering into a treaty with the rana of Gohud, major Popham, by order of the general, attacked and carried, in the course of the summer, the strong fortress of Gualior, which was garrisoned by the Mahrattas, though within the territory of the rana. of general Early in 1781, general Goddard sat down be- Exertions fore Basseen; and after reducing this important Goddard. place he desisted from farther active operations, in consequence of the succours he was under a necessity to send to sir Eyre Coote. In the province of Malva, colonel Carnac surprised, April 30, the camp of the enemy, and Madajee Scindia was a second time totally routed. After this the Mahratta chieftain made secret overtures for a separate peace; and a cessation of hostilities between England and the Mahratta states took place in the month of October 1781. The definitive articles of peace og in May following at Salberg, by Mr. him the part of the Company, and by hand part of ña, general and plenipotentiary, on the the pen w. By this treaty Becomen and the other tema wapistons in the Gazzerat were restored to the Mauretton, the island of Salette only of the lete conquests remaining to the English; for, at the request of Madaje Scindia, the English con berte alto relinquish their claim to the city of Warnath and the contiguous districts. Ragonaut How was for over abandoned, and compelled to quit the territories of the Company; and their ally, the pens of Gohud, who appears indeed without ruple to have opposed duplicity to duplicity, was, inder the pretext of leaving him to settle his own fire," virtually delivered up to the mercy of his Anomice - But the most extraordinary article of the 66 aty was that whereby the peishwa engages that Hyder Ally Khan shall be made to relinquish, within eie ponths, all such territories belonging to the Company or their allies as he shall have taken precio of sins the 9th of the month Ramzaji. The Fart was, that not only a treaty of peace, but of the efri hot alliance and friendship, was noW formed by the governor general Hastings with the Mahurata out; and a secret project was believed to be already in contemplation for the partition of Hy's dominicana And thus, notwithstanding it ill eve of his humor schemes of conques XX. 1782. no sooner was this " daring pilot" of the state, BOOK This pacification with the Mahrattas induced the presidency of Bengal to risk a bold attempt on the dominions of Hyder Ally on the Malabar side. The kingdoms of Canara and Mysore, both under subjection to that prince, stretch along the western coast of Hindostan, nearly in the latitude of Arcot. The chief city of the former is Bednore, a name changed by its present possessor to Hydernagore. A considerable force, already landed in the kingdom of Mysore, had relieved the city of Tellicherri, a post or factory on that coast belonging to the English, and reduced the neighbouring town of Calicut. It was with difficulty, nevertheless, that the English kept their footing in this country, when general Matthews arrived from Bombay with very large reinforcements, and immediately laid siege to the important fortress of Onore, which was carried by storm on the 5th of January 1783. The carnage on this occasion is said to have been terrible; and the indiscriminate seizure of treasure, public and private, there deposited, exhibited, in the most |