herents of the sect continued to propagate its doctrines, and to increase the number of its followers, particularly by teaching astrology. This began to spread a spirit of doubt and inquiry among many people; and clergymen and laymen were constantly disputing about the dogmas of religion. The sectarians were protected by the metropolitan Zosimus, who is accused of having persecuted the orthodox clergy. The details about this sect are contained in a work by Joseph, hegumenos, or abbot, of the convent Volokolainsk, who died in 1516, and who was the most zealous adversary of this sect. Zosimus resigned his dignity in 1494, and retired into a convent. The persecution ceased for some time in Moscow, but the archbishop of Novgorod continued it in his district, whence many sectarians fled to Poland and Germany. In 1503 the representatives of the clergy, who were supported by this Joseph, induced the grand duke to issue an order for the trial of the heretics. They were tried before an ecclesiastical court, of which Joseph was a member, and the chief accuser. The heretics acknowledged their opinions, and maintained them to be true. They were condemned, and some of them publicly burnt, others had their tongues cut off, and many were shut up in prisons and convents. Nothing more has been heard of the sect since the date of 1503, but there now exists among the Roskolniks of Russia a sect which observes the Mosaic rites, and it is very probable that it is derived from the sect which we have described. In several parts of Poland, Turkey, and in the Russian government of Tula, there are followers of Jelesnewsheheena. The origin of this appellation is unknown, and it is probably derived from the name of their founder, or some leading member. Although Russians by origin and language, they strictly observe the Mosaic law, perform circumcision, keep the Sabbath on Saturdays, and abuse the Christian religion. It may be that they are the descendants of that Jewish sect which appeared at Novgorod and Moscow at the close of the fifteenth century.-Jewish Chronicle. Royal Society of Literature.-Nov. 25.-Mr. Hogg read a paper, "On the supposed Scriptural Names of Baalbec, the Syrian Heliopolis," in which he demonstrated that many names occurring in the Bible, which had been given to this celebrated place, had been attributed to it with little reason; and that it was impossible to shew, with any certainty, that it had any Biblical title at an early period of history. On the whole, Mr. Hogg considered the Bekathaven of Amos as the most likely of the names suggested.-Mr. Vaux read a paper, "On the recent Researches of C. T. Newton, Esq., Her Majesty's Vice-Consul at Mytilene, at Budrum (the ancient Halicarnassus)." Mr. Newton commenced his excavations in search of the mausoleum (or tomb of Mausolus, King of Caria), by digging on the spot marked as its site, by Captain Spratt, R.N., in the chart compiled by him for the English Admiralty. Here he found nothing which could be assigned to the mausoleum, though, in the neighbourhood, he came upon a mule's load, at least, of Greek and Roman terra-cottas, a large number of which have been shipped thence, and are now in England. Failing there, Mr. Newton determined to excavate on the spot suggested long since by Professor Donaldson, who, twenty-five years ago, observed fragments of Ionic columns lying about in situ and made drawings of many of them. Here he soon met with signal success in the discovery of the torso of an equestrian figure and of a seated female, both double the size of life, the hind-quarters of seven lions, the same in style as the heads still remaining in the castle-and two pieces of frieze, of great beauty-evidently parts of that already in the British Museum. Besides these more important objects, there was a vast collection of architectural fragments, which will be of great value to the student of architecture at home. There could be no doubt that he reached the structure of the mausoleum. A little later Mr. Newton found the Hellenic wall, which had once formed the north boundary of the Temenos, or precinct of the mausoleum, and, close to it, a colossal lion, quite perfect except his legs. Beyond this, again, was found a gigantic horse, with the bronze bit still remaining in his mouth, unquestionably one of the horses of the quadriga, which we know, from Pliny's description, was at the top of the pyramid. It was now clear that the earthquake, which, in all probability, was the first to ruin the mausoleum, had thrown the quadriga and other portions of the sculptures beyond the northern boundary wall. Here, too, were subsequently found many blocks of marble, so cut as evidently to have formed the steps of the pyramid and part of the outer circle, the spokes and nave of the chariot-wheel, from which it may be inferred that the chariot itself was not less than twenty feet long. We are happy to be able to state that a large portion of the invaluable sculptures thus disinterred by Mr. Newton, have already, owing to the liberality of Government, safely reached the Museum, and that the remainder are on their way, and may be expected soon to arrive. Among the smaller objects which have reached England are fragments of a pale yellow vase in Oriental alabaster, bearing a Cuneiform inscription, and an Egyptian cartouche-each respectively recording the name of "Xerxes, the great King." Such vases are extremely rare, and only two or three are known bearing analogous inscriptions. Is it too much to conjecture that this very vase may have been a gift from Xerxes himself to the elder Artemisia, who, as we know from Herodotus, greatly distinguished herself, on his side, at the battle of Salamis? Beirut, Syria, Sept. 26, 1857.-We are soon to have a weekly newspaper established in Beirut. It will be the first ever issued in Syria, and will be in the Arabic language, and supported and conducted entirely by natives. The house of Madowar, merchants of Beirut, are the chief pecuniary helpers of the enterprise, and Khalil Khevri Effendi, a young poet of the city, is to be the principal editor. We watch this enterprize with interest. It is a fair illustration of the cupidity and corruption of the Turkish officials that the firman authorizing this enterprize, so useful for the public good, could not be procured from Constantinople without a large outlay of piastres. I could wish that this Arabic journal might find a few patrons in England. The affairs of Syria move on much as usual. The country has been in rather an unquiet state this summer. Robberies and murders, and other outrages, have been of frequent occurrence in Lebanon, and the government does nothing but intrigue, as usual, and play their cards, and manage so as to keep things in some kind of order, and prevent downright rebellion. Just now they are beginning another conscription to recruit the army, and it will not be strange if there should be a storm on the mountains. The Druses will probably resist the conscription, as they did a few years since. A new element of trouble, this time, will be the enlistment of Christians in the army, which will have to be managed very carefully and favourably, or it will make mischief. No one can live long in Turkey without feeling that their security, and that of the people, is owing directly to the providential government of God, and the restraints he imposes on the passions of men; and not in any sense the result of the presence of the rulers. Yet there is no doubt that the mere name of a government is worth a great deal.— Christian Times. The Sahara.-One M. C. Loyer, who writes from the Algerian Sahara, appears to think that in the Touaregs he has discovered a colony of ancient Jews or Christians. They are allied to the Berbers, and wear upon their bucklers, and the hilt of their swords, the emblem of the Latin cross. They hate the Arabs; and although nominally Mussulmans, they detest Mohammedanism. It is certainly strange that, while their relations of the Atlas, the Kabyles and the Mozabites, have lost their writings, the Touaregs have preserved theirs. More strange, the Arab has his sole law in the Koran, whereas the Kabyles, Mozabites, and the Touaregs alone, in the midst of African Mohammedans, possess, beside the Koran, a book of laws, a civil code, which, singularly enough, they call the Canon (Kanoun). The celebrated Arabian writer, Ibn-Khaldoun, celebrates the Berbers and their cognates for their bravery, intelligence, hospitality, candour, and other excellent virtues. This writer says that they are Jews, but furnishes no proof. Besides making use of the Latin cross, the Touaregs have many usages in their religious assemblies which go far to shew that they are the remains of a people Christianized in an imperfect manner at some very remote date. Further investigation may yield something more definite. The Berbers, their kindred, it is well known, always wear a veil over the countenance.-Clerical Journal. Persian Jews.-There has lately been here the well known traveller, J. Benjamin, who is now making arrangements for a second journey to the East. He will go to Hamburg, and there embark for Malabar. The newspapers having reported the emancipation of the Jews in Persia, it may not be uninteresting to state that Herr Benjamin, on his return from his first journey, in 1856, in urgent terms memorialized the Emperor of the French, the Queen of England, and the Sultan, to intercede with the Shah for the Persian Jews, who live under the most awful oppression, and that it is not improbable that this representation has produced some effect.—Frankfort Paper. Dr. Adam Clarke.—An obelisk is about to be erected to the memory of Dr. Adam Clarke, the Bible conimentator, by J. J. Clarke, Esq., one of the members of Parliament for Londonderry, at Portrush, on ground given by the Earl of Antrim, the lord of the manor. Close to the site is a school founded by Dr. Clarke, the old schoolhouse still remaining, and well attended by the children of the neighbourhood. The connexion of the commentator with this part of the kingdom may not be generally known. He was born in 1762, of humble parentage, in a village in the north of Ireland. From early life he shewed a desire for entering the ministry, but the res angusta domi chilled his aspirations. At the age of eighteen he went to serve a Mr. Bennet, a linen-draper or merchant of Coleraine. This Mr. Bennet seems to have been an eccentric old bachelor or widower, and his household was as miscellaneous in its way as that of Dr. Johnson in Bolt-court. There was one ancient relation, or retainer, sheltered under the roof who was bedridden, and left to the charge of careless servants. Except to take her food, no one ever went near the poor old woman. Young Clarke commiserated her solitude; and his kind attention and pious consolation cheered the last days of the helpless sufferer. Another inmate of the house, Molly the cook, was a woman of boisterous manners and profane spirit, the terror of the whole establishment. To Adam Clarke she took a savage dislike, solely on account of his religious character. He tried to propitiate Molly, but the first attempts were repelled with a violence that forbad further experiments. The good man then tells that he then betook himself to pray for Molly, and the result was a turning of her heart and a change of her life, which amazed all Coleraine, and of which the tradition remains to this day. The author of "Mary Powell," in her " Memoirs of Good Servants," records the circumstance, remarking of Molly that "the tigress became a lamb. All her fierce and violent tempers were removed; she became meck and gentle, diligent in business, and fervent in spirit, serving the Lord." It was no sudden or superficial change that had come over her. Dr. Clarke left Coleraine soon after Molly was tamed; but thirty years after he revisited the place, and had the pleasure of enjoying Christian fellowship with his old and respected friend. These biographical gleanings are worth all the literary fame of Dr. Clarke, and the erection of a monument will help to perpetuate the memory of the good and learned man in the district where he commenced his labours of Christian usefulness.Athenæum. New Translation of the Bible.-We have been requested by the Very Rev. Dr. Husenbeth to give insertion to the following:-"Sir,-I observed a paragraph in your number for October 3rd last, page 954, in which you state correctly that Dr. Newman has been entrusted with the task of preparing a revised edition of the Catholic version of the Scriptures. But you proceed to say, that if you rightly apprehend the drift of the terms in which this statement is conveyed, it will be one part of his especial business to bring it as near as possible to the standard of the authorized version. I am anxious to assure you, as I am able to do on the best authority, that Dr. Newman has no commission or intention to make the Protestant version a standard. November 2, 1857. T. C. HUSENBETH, D.D. Trübner's Bibliotheca Glottica, I.-We are always delighted to announce the completion of any work connected with Bibliography or Philology. The former, as a commercial speculation, usually turns out a failure, and we are almost inclined to suspect that the indifference shewn by one or two of our leading literary Journals, in cavilling at some minor details of arrangement or plan, has in some way prevented a labour of love being more frequently turned to a great benefit. In truth, so little encouragement is given to those who, at their own proper cost, seek to benefit the world in this branch of literature, that we know of more than one work, most useful to many, which has been strangled in its birth, simply because some cold paragraph or acid criticism has misled the public entirely; and it is too much to expect that authors will give paper and print, to say nothing of their brains, without recompense. This work has been most carefully compiled by Hermann E. Ludewig, assisted by Professor Turner, whilst Mr. Trübner, the well-known Publisher, has, with a love of his subject, edited the whole, and, under his careful hand, a handsome, useful, and curious volume will find a place in many libraries. The first portion (complete in itself) of this great work treats of The Literature of American Aboriginal Languages." Few could believe that a good octavo volume would be necessary to exhaust the subject, yet so it is; and yet the great importance of a catalogue of this sort may be easily imagined when we quote the following from the preface :-" Comparative Philology has begun to be established upon solid scientific foundations; and the recent endeavours to establish finally a uniform system of linguistic orthography will, when generally received, give a new and important impetus to that study, which must lead to most interesting results. In such a state of progress, new literary guides are constantly required; and one of them, embracing the aboriginal languages of our great Western Continent, is hereby offered to those who take an interest in American linguistics."-Bent's Advertiser. Dr. Owen's Works-We are requested to state that the new edition of Dr. Owen's works, edited by Dr. Goold, is now the property of Messrs. T. and T. Clark, of Edinburgh. Library of Bishop Blomfield.—The principle portion of the Classical and Theological Library of the late Bishop Blomfield was sold by auction by Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson in the course of last week. Nearly every volume bore marks of having been carefully perused, and many of them were enriched with manuscript emendations and notes, most of which deserved to be formed into an "Adversaria Critica," similar to that of Porson, so ably edited by Bishops Blomfield and Monk after his decease. Among the more curious or scarce articles contained in the catalogue we may point out the following:-Eschylus, cum Scholiis Gr. curâ Roborselli, 2 vols., scarce, and when Bishop Blomfield first entered the field as an editor of the poet, unknown to him, 31. 118.-Alciphronis Epistolæ, curâ Bergleri, with MS. notes, copied by Bishop Blomfield "e Porsoni Schedis," 1. 68.-Black's Palæoromaica, with a MS. note by Bishop Blomfield, stating that he "wrote a review of this strange book in the British Critic," 10s. -Burton's Discourses, printed in 1684, and recommended by Bishop Blomfield as truly admirable," 158.-Eschyli Prometheus, edente C. J. Blomfield, with the editor's MS. notes, 27. 10s.-Articles of Visitation, printed between 1628 and 1690, 37.-Articles agreed upon by Archbishops and Bishops, with vari ous old Tracts on Church Government, etc., 4l. 148.-Assemani Codex Liturgicus, 137.-Bible, in Cranmer's Version, printed by N. Hyll in 1552, imperfect, 127.-Cartwright's Replies to Whitgift, 31. 58.-Aristophanes, the first edition, printed by Aldus, 4. 78. Assemani Bibliotheca Orientalis, 61. 68.-Baber's Fac-simile of the Alexandrian Septuagint, 6l. 108.-Dawes' Miscellanea Critica, with MS. notes in the exquisite caligraphy of the famous Porson, 5l.-Fulke on Ecclesiastical Discipline, 31. 6s.-Arsenii Scholia in Euripidem, 21. 28. Catalogue of the Library of the Rt. Hon. T. Grenville, 5l. 12s. 6d.-Ceillier, Histoire des Auteurs Sacrés et Ecclésiastiques, 8l. 158.-A very curious collection of Church papers, including, among other occasional Services, the very rare Form of Thanksgiving after the Great Plague in 1666, 77.-Edward the Sixth his Injunctions, 21.-Clementis Alexandrini Opera, curante Potter, 4l. 128.— Hickes' Records of the New Consecrations, 138.-Ephraem Syri Opera, curâ Assemani, 10. 178. 6d.-Liturgia Anglicana, Latinè, printed by Vautrollier in 1574, 1l. 98. Forms of Prayer for 27th October, 1572; on the Earthquake, 1580, and for Queen Elizabeth's Preservation from Papists in 1586, in 1 vol., 17. 158.Hesychii Lexicon, with MS. additions by Bishop Blomfield, 3l. 138. 6d.-Eustathii Commentarii in Homerum, 71.-Mather's Ecclesiastical History of New England, by a typographical error described as of New Zealand, 31. 58.—Sophocles, curâ Musgrave, with MS. notes by Bishop Blomfield, 77.—Virgilius, curâ Stephani, from Queen Elizabeth's Library, and with the Autograph of the great Dr. Bentley, 1. 118.-Testamentum Novum Gerbelii, 21. 68.-Watts's Bibliotheca, 51. 58. Wilkin's Concilia, 221. 10s. Professor Constantin Tischendorf, of the University of Leipzig, has undertaken another journey to the East, (at the expense, we understand, of the Russian Government), in order to explore the manuscript treasures hidden in the Greek Convents. NEW WORKS PUBLISHED DURING THE LAST QUARTER. In addition to those noticed in the body of the Journal. FOREIG N. Bargés (J. J. L., et Goldberg, D.B.)-R. Jehuda Ben Kareisch: Epistola de Studii Targum utilitate. Paris. Berling (A.)-Godsdienstige Gezangen voor Mannenstemmen, ten Dienste der Synagogen, bij Gelegenheid der Gewone Kerkgangen op Vrijdag-Avond en ZaturdagMorgen, Gecomponeerd en den Wel-Edelen Heeren Leden der Hoofd-Commissie. (Religious Chants, for Voices of Men, for Synagogal Worship, in the Service on Friday Evenings and the Sabbath Mornings). Amsterdam. Bianchi.—Traité de la puissance ecclésiastique dans ses rapports, avec les souverainetés temporelles. Traduit de l'Italien, par Peltier. 2 Vols. 8vo. Colani (T.)-Revue de Theologie et de Philosophie Chrétienne. Paris. 8vo. Damiron. Mémoires pour servir à l'Histoire de la Philosophie au dix huitième siècle. 2 Vols. 8vo. Delitzsch.-Commentar zum Brief an die Hebräer. Mit archäologischen und dogmatischen Excursen über das Opfer und die Versöhnung. (Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews). Svo. Dorner (Dr. J. A.)-Die Lehre von der Person Christi nach dem Reformationszeitalter bis zur Gegenwart. (Doctrine of the Person of Christ from the Reformation to the present Day). Berlin. 8vo. Flottes. Etude sur Daniel Huet, évêque d'Avranches. 8vo. Berlin. |