Lombards, derivation of their name, and
review of their history, v. 197. Are
employed by the emperor Justinian to
check the Gepida, 198. Actions of
their king Alboin, 382. They reduce
the Gepida, 385. They over-run that
part of Italy now called Lombardy,
389. Extent of their kingdom, 404.
Language and manners of the Lom-
bards, ibid. Government and laws,
409, 410.

Longinus, his representation of the de-
generacy of his age, i. 66: Is put to
death by Aurelian, 347.

is sent to supersede Narses, as
exarch of Ravenna, v. 388. Receives
Rosamond the fugitive queen of the
Lombards, 393.

Lothaire I. emperor of the Romans, vi.
201.

Louis VII. of France is rescued from the
treachery of the Greeks by Roger king
of Sicily, vii. 147. Undertakes the se-
cond crusade, 259. His disastrous ex-
pedition, 264.

Louis IX. of France, his crusades to the
Holy Land, vii. 293. His death, 297.
Procured a valuable stock of relics from
Constantinople, 372.

Lucian, the severity of his satire against
the heathen mythology accounted for,
i. 34.

Lucian, count of the East, under the em-
peror Arcadius, his cruel treatment by
the præfect Rufinus, iv. 7.
Lucian, presbyter of Jerusalem, his mi-
raculous discovery of the body of St.
Stephen, the first Christian martyr,
iii. 475.

Lucilian, governor of Illyricum, is sur-

prised and kindly treated by Julian,
iii. 95. His death, 238.
Lucilla, sister of the emperor Commo-
dus, her attempt to get him assassina-
ted, i. 98.

Lucius II. and III. popes, their disastrous
reigns, viii. 176.

Lucrine lake described, with its late de-
struction, iv. 95. note.

Lucullan villa in Campania, its descrip
tion and history, iv. 364.
Lupercalia, the feast of, described, and
continued under the Christian empe-
rors, iv. 341.

Lupicinus, the Roman governor of
Thrace, oppresses the Gothic emi-
grants there, iii. 344. Rashly provokes
them to hostilities, 347. Is defeated
by them, 348.

VOL. VIII.

Lustral contribution in the Roman em.
pire, explained, ii. 284.

Luther, Martin, his character as a re-
former, vii. 64.

Luxury the only means of correcting the
unequal distribution of property, i. 61.
Lygians, a formidable German nation,
account of, i. 370.

Lyons, battle of, between the competitors
Severus and Albinus, i. 133,

M

Macedonius, the Arian bishop of Con.
stantinople, his contests with his com-
petitor Paul, iii. 63. Fatal consequen-
ces on his removing the body of the
emperor Constantine to the church of
St. Acacius, 65. His cruel persecu-
tions of the Catholics and Novatians,
66. His exile, vi. 38.
Macrianus, prætorian præfect under the
emperor Valerian, his character, i. 303,
Macrianus, a prince of the Allemanni,
his steady alliance with the emperor
Valentinian, iii. 276.

Macrinus, his succession to the empire
predicted by an African, i. 154. Ac-
celerates the completion of the pro-
phecy, ibid. Purchases a peace with
Parthia, 231.

Madayn, capital of Persia, sacked by the'
Saracens, vi. 319.

Meonius of Palmyra assassinates his un-
cle Odenathus, i. 341.
Mesia, its situation, i. 26.
Magi, the worship of, in Persia, reform-
ed by Artaxerxes, i. 221. Abridgment
of the Persian theology, 222.
Sim-
plicity of their worship, 224. Cere.
monies and moral precepts, 225. Their
power, 226.

Magic, severe prosecution of persons for
the crime of, at Rome and Antioch,
iii. 251.

Magnentius assumes the empire in Gaul,
ii. 324. Death of Constans, ibid.
Sends an embassy to Constantius, 325.
Makes war against Constantius, 329.
Is defeated at the battle of Mursa, 331,
Kills himself, 335.

Mahmud, the Gaznevide, his twelve ex-
peditions into Hindostan, vii. 159. His
character, 160.

Mahomet, the prophet, his embassy to
Chosroes II. king of Persia, v. 458.

His geneology, birth, and edu
cation, vi. 243. His person and char
acter, 244. Assumes his prophetical

mission, 248. Inculcated the unity of
God, 249. His reverential mention of
Jesus Christ, 251. His Koran, 252.
His miracles, 254. His precepts, 256.
His Hell and Paradise, 260. The best
authorities for his history, 263. note.
Converts his own family, 264. Preach-
es publicly at Mecca, 265. Escapes
from the Koreishites there, 266. Is re-
ceived as prince of Medina, 268. His
regal dignity, and sacerdotal office, 269.
Declares war against infidels, 270. Bat-
tle of Beder, 273. Battle of Ohud,
274. Subdues the Jews of Arabia, 276.
Submission of Mecca to him, 278. He
conquers Arabia, 280. His sickness
and death, 285. His character, 287.
His private life, 290. His wives 291.
His children, 293. His posterity, 305.
Remarks on the great spread and per-
manency of his religion, 307.

Mahomet, the son of Bajazet, his reign,
viii. 33.

Mahomet 11. sultan of the Turks, his
character, viii. 120. His reign, 122.
Indications of his hostile intentions
against the Greeks, 123. He besieges
Constantinople, 131. Takes the city
by storm, 152. His entry into the city,
157. Makes it his capital, 160. His
death, 167.

Mahometanism, by what means propa-
gated, vi. 400. Toleration of Christi-
anity under, ibid.

Majorian, his history, character, and ele-
vation to the Western empire, iv. 322.
His epistle to the senate, 323. His sa-
lutary laws, 324. His preparations to
invade Africa, 328. His fleet destroy-
ed by Genseric, 331. His death, 332.
Malaterra, his character of the Normans,
vii. 112.

Malek Shah, sultan of the Turks, his
prosperous reign, vii. 177. Reforms
the Eastern calendar, 179. His death,

180.

date himself to all climates, i. 243. note.
Mancipium, in the Roman law, explain.
ed, v. 351.

Manichæans are devoted to death, by the
edict of Theodosius against heretics,
iii. 409.

Manuel Comnenus, emperor of Constan-
tinople, vi. 135. He repulses the Nor-
mans, vii. 147. But fails in his scheme
of subduing the Western Empire, 150,
His ill treatment of the crusaders, 261.
Maogamalcha, a city of Assyria, redu
ced and destroyed by the emperor Ju-
lian, iii. 195.

Marble, the four species of, most esteem-
ed by the Romans, i. 196. note.
Marcellinus, count of the sacred largesses
under the emperor Constans in Gaul,
assists the usurpation of Magnentius,
ii. 324. His embassy to Constantius,
325. Was killed in the battle of Mur-
sa, 335.

Marcellinus, his revolt in Dalmatia, and

character, iv. 333. Joins the empe-
ror Anthemius, and expels the Vandals
from Sardinia, 344. His death, 347.
Marcellinus, son of the præfect Maximin,
his treacherous murder of Gabinius
king of the Quadi, iii. 306.
Marcellus the centurion martyred for de-
sertion, ii. 195.

Marcellus, bishop of Rome, exiled to re-
store peace to the city, ii. 207.
Marcellus, bishop of Apamea in Syria,

loses his life in destroying the Pagan
temples, iii. 460.

Marcia, the concubine of the emperor
Commodus, a patroness of the Chris-
tians, ii. 183.

Marcian, senator of Constantinople, mar-
ries the empress Pulcheria, and is ac-
knowledged emperor, iv. 265. His
temperate refusal of the demands of
Attila the Hun, 266.

Marcianapolis, the city of, taken by the
Goths, i. 277.

Marcomanni are subdued and punished
by Marcus Antoninus, i. 264. Alli-
ance made with, by the emperor Gal-
lienus, 292.

Marcus elected bishop of the Nazarenes,
ii. 67.

Mardia, battle of, between Constantine
the Great and Licinius, ii. 44.
Margus, battle of, between Diocletian
and Carinus, i. 393.
Margus, bishop of, betrays his episcopal
city into the hands of the Huns, iv.

241.

Maria, daughter of Eudæmon of Car-
thage, her remarkable adventures, iv.
227.

Mariana, his account of the misfortunes
of Spain, by an irruption of the barba-
rous nations, iv. 152.

Marinus, a subaltern officer, chosen em-
peror by the legions of Mesia, i. 268.
Marius the armourer, a candidate for the
purple among the competitors against
Gallienus, his character, i. 310.
Mark, bishop of Arethusa, is cruelly
treated by the emperor Julian, iii.
157.

Maronga, engagement there between the
emperor Julian, and Sapor king of
Persia, iii. 212.

Maronites of the East, character and his-
tory of, vi. 63.

Marozia, a Roman prostitute, the mo-
ther, grandmother, and great-grand-
mother, of three popes, vi. 207.
Marriage, regulations of, by the Roman
laws, v. 341. Of Roman citizens with
strangers, proscribed by their juris-
prudence, vii. 25.

Martel, Charles, duke of the Franks, his
character, vi. 423. His politic conduct
on the Saracen invasion of France, 424.
Defeats the Saracens, ibid. Why he
was consigned over to hell flames by
the clergy, 425.

Martin, bishop of Tours, destroys the
idols and Pagan temples in Gaul, iii.
459. His monkish institutions there,
iv. 375:

Martina marries her uncle, the emperor
Heraclius, vi. 82. Endeavours to share
the Imperial dignity with her sons, 83.
Her fate, 85.

Martinianus receives the title of Cæsar,
from the emperor Licinius, ii. 54.
Martyrs, primitive, an inquiry into the
true history of, ii. 138. The several in-
ducements to martyrdom, 175. Three
methods of escaping it, 179. Marks
by which learned Catholics distinguish
the relics of the martyrs, 170. note.
The worship of, and their relics, in-
troduced, iii. 472.

Mary, Virgin, her immaculate concep-
tion, borrowed from the Koran, vi.
251.

Mascazel, the persecuted brother of Gil-
do the Moor, takes refuge in the Im-
perial court of Honorius, iv. 22. Is in-
trusted with troops to reduce Gildo,
ibid. Defeats him, 24. His suspicious
death, 25.

Master of the offices under Constantine
the Great, his functions, ii. 267.
Maternus, his revolt and conspiracy a-
gainst the emperor Commodus, i. 100.
Matthew, St. his gospel originally com-
posed in Hebrew, ii. 121. note. vi. 3.

note.

Maurice, his birth, character, and pro-
motion to the Eastern empire, v. 399.
Restores Chosroes II. king of Persia,
433. His war against the Avars, 440.
State of his armies, 442. His abdica
tion and death, 447.

Mauritania, ancient, its situation and ex-
tent, i. 29. Character of the native
Moors of, iv. 216.

Maxentius, the son of Maximian, declared
emperor at Rome, ii. 11. His tyranny
in Italy and Africa, 23. The military
force he had to oppose Constantine,
26. His defeat and death, 33. His po
litic humanity to the Christians, 207.
Maximian, associate in the empire with
Diocletian, his character, i. 396. Tri-
umphs with Diocletian, 424. Holds
his court at Milan, 426. Abdicates the
empire along with Diocletian, 437.
He resumes the purple, ii. 11. Redu
ces Severus, and puts him to death,
12. His second resignation and unfor
tunate end, 18. 20. His aversion to the
Christians accounted for, 195.

Maximilianus, the African, a Christian
martyr, ii. 195.

Maximin, his birth, fortune, and eleva-
tion to the empire of Rome, i. 189.
Why deemed a persecutor of the
Christians, 313.

Maximin is declared Cæsar, on the abdi-
cation of Diocletian, ii. 3. Obtains the
rank of Augustus from Galerius, 17.
His defeat and death, 38. Renewed
the persecution of the Christians after
the toleration granted by Galerius, 211.
Maximin, the cruel minister of the em-
peror Valentinian, promoted to the
præfecture of Gaul, iii. 255.

Marinin, his embassy from Theodosius
the Younger, to Attila king of the
Huns, iv. 253.

Maximus and Balbinus, elected joint em.

perors by the senate, on the deaths of
the two Gordians, i. 201.
Maximus, his character and revolt in
Britain, iii. 390. His treaty with the
emperor Theodosius, 393. Persecutes
the Priscillianists, 409. His invasion
of Italy, 418. His defeat aud death,
423.

Maximus, the Pagan preceptor of the
emperor Julian, initiates him into the
Eleusinian mysteries, iii. 128. Is ho-
nourably invited to Constantinople by
his Imperial pupil, 140. Is corrupted
by his residence at court, ibid.
Maximus, Petronius, his wife ravished
by Valentinian III. emperor of the
West, iv. 302. His character and ele-
vation to the empire, 307.
Mebodes, the Persian general, ungrate
fully treated by Chosroes, v. 215.
Mecca, its situation, and description. vi.
226. The Caaba or temple of, 238.
Its deliverance from Abrahah, 244.
The doctrine of Mahomet opposed
there, 265. His escape, 266. The city
of, surrendered to Mahomet, 278. Is
pillaged by Abu Taher, vi. 458.
Medina, reception of Mahomet there, on
his flight from Mecca, vi. 267.
Megalesia, the festival of, at Rome, de-
scribed, i. 101. note.

Meletians, an Egyptian sect, persecuted
by Athanasius, iii. 40.

Melitene, battle of, between the Eastern
emperor Tiberius, and Chosroes king
of Persia, v. 423.

Melo, citizen of Bari, invites the Nor-
mans into Italy, vii. 108.
Memphis, its situation, and reduction by
the Saracens, vi. 359
Merovingian kings of the Franks in Gaul,
origin of, iv. 274. Their domain and
benefices, 451.

Mervan, caliph of the Saracens, and the
last of the house of Ommiyah, his de-
feat and death, vi. 428.

Mesopotamia, invasion of, by the emperor
Julian, i. 189. Described by Xeno-
phon, 190.

Messala, Valerius, the first præfect of
Rome, his high character, ii. 250.

note.

Messiah, under what character he was
expected by the Jews, ii. 64. His birth-
day, how fixed by the Romans, iii. 91.

note.

Metals and money, their operation in im-
proving the human mind, i. 248.
Metellus Numidicus, the censor, his in-
vective against women, i. 168. note.
Metius Falconius, his artful speech to the
emperor Tacitus in the senate on his
election, i. 361.

Metrophanes of Cyzicus, is made patri-
arch of Constantinople, viii. 97.
Metz, cruel treatment of, by Attila king
of the Huns, iv. 280.

Michael I. Rhangabe, emperor of Con-
stantinople, vi. 100.

Michael II. the Stammerer, emperor of
Constantinople, vi. 103.

Michael III. emperor of Constantinople,
vi. 106. Is defeated by the Paulicians,
vii. 58.

Michael IV. the Paphlagonian, emperor
of Constantinople, vi. 123.
Michael V. Calaphates, emperor of Con-
stantinople, vi. 124.

Michael VI. Stratioticus, emperor of
Constantinople, vi. 125.

Michael VII. Parapinaces, emperor, of
Constantinople, vi. 129.

Milan, how the Imperial court of the
Western empire came to be transferred
from Rome to that city, i. 426.

Famous edict of Constantine the
Great in favour of the Christians, pub-
lished there, ii. 391.

St. Ambrose elected archbishop of
that city, iii. 412. Tumults occasioned
by his refusing a church for the Arian
worship of the empress Justina and
her son, 314.

-, Revolt of, to Justinian, v. 174. Is
taken and destroyed by the Burgun-
dians, 180.

-, Is again destroyed by Frederic I.

vi. 213.

Military force, its strength and efficacy
dependent on a due proportion to the

number of the people, i. 116.

Military officers of the Roman empire at
the time of Constantine the Great, a
review of, ii. 258.

Millenium, the doctrine of, explained,
ii. 82.

Mingrelia. See Colchos.

Minority, two distinctions of, in the Ro-
man law, iv. 14. note.
Miracles, those of Christ and his apostles,
escaped the notice of the heathen phi-
losophers and historians, ii. 136. Ac-
count of those wrought by the body of
St. Stephen, iii. 475.
Miraculous powers of the primitive
church, an inquiry into, ii. 87.
Misitheus, chief minister and father-in-
law of the third Gordian, his charac
ter, i. 213.

Misopogon of the emperor Julian, on
what occasion written, iii. 180.
Missorium, or great golden dish of Adol

phus king of the Visigoths, history of,
iv. 140.

Moawiyah, assumes the title of caliph,
and makes war against Ali, vi. 300.

His character and reign, 301. Lays
siege to Constantinople, vi. 409.
Modar, prince of the Amali, seduced by
the emperorTheodosius, turns his arms
against his own countrymen, iii. 377.
Moguls, primitive, their method of treat-
ing their conquered enemies, iv. 244.
Reign and conquests of Zingis, vii.
451. Conquests of his successors, 458.
See Tamerlane.
Moguntiacum, the city of, surprised by
the Allemanni, iii. 272.
Mokawkas, the Egyptian, his treaty with
the Saracen Amrou, vi. 361.
Monarchy defined, i. 67. Hereditary, ridi.
culous in theory, but salutary in fact,
187. The peculiar objects of cruelty
and of avarice under, ii. 275.
Monastic institutions, the seeds of, sown
by the primitive Christians, ii. 98.
Origin, progress, and consequence of,
iv. 371.

Money, the standard and computation of,
under Constantine the Great, and his
successors, ii. 280. note.

Monks have embellished the sufferings
of the primitive martyrs by fictions, ii.
167.

Character of, by Eunapíus, iii. 472.
By Rutilius, iv. 23. Origin and history
of, 371. Their industry in making
proselytes, 376. Their obedience, 378.
Their dress and habitations, 380.
Their diet, 381. Their manual labour,
383. Their riches, 384. Their solitude,
385. Their devotion and visions, 386.
Their division into the classes of Ca-
nobites and Anachorets, 387.

Suppression of, at Constantinople,
by Constantine V. vi. 162.
Monophysites of the East, history of the
sect of, vi, 60.

Monothelite controversy, account of, vi.
47.

Montesquieu, his description of the mili

tary government of the Roman em.
pire, i. 215. His opinion that the de-
grees of freedom in a state are mea-
sured by taxation, controverted, ii.
275.

Montius, quæstor of the palace, is sent by
the emperor Constantius, with Domi-
tian, to correct the administration of
Gallus in the East, ii. 342. Is put to
death there, 343.

Moors of Barbary, their miserable pover-
ty, v. 137. Their invasion of the Ro-
man province punished by Solomon
the eunuch, 146.

Morea is reduced by the Turks, viii. 163.
Morosini, Thomas, elected patriarch of
Constantinople, by the Venetians, vii.

351.

Moseilama, an Arabian chief, endeavours
to rival Mahomet in his prophetical
character, vi. 311.

Moses, the doctrine of the immortality of
the soul not inculcated in his law, ii.
80. His sanguinary laws compared
with those of Mahomet, vi. 271.
Mosheim, character of his work De Re-
bus Christianis ante Constantinum, vi. 2.

note.

Moslemah, the Saracen, besieges Constan-
tinople, vi. 414.

Motassem, the last caliph of the Sara-
cens, his wars with the Greek empe-
ror Theophilus, vi. 451. Is killed by
the Moguls, vi. 461.
Mourzoufle, usurps the Greek empire,
and destroys Isaac Angelus, and his
son Alexius, vii. 337. Is driven from
Constantinople by the Latins, 339. His
death, 355.

Mousa, the son of Bajazet, invested with
the kingdom of Anatolia, by Tamer-
lane, viii. 21. His reign, 32.
Mozarabes, in the history of Spain, ex-
plained, vi. 404.

Municipal cities, their advantages, i.

41.

Muratori, his literary character, viii. 258.

note.

Mursa, battle of, between the emperor
Constantius, and the usurper Magnen-
tius, ii. 331.

Musa, the Saracen, his conquest of Spain,
vi. 392. His disgrace, 395. His death,
397.

Mustapha, the supposed son of Bajazet,
his story, viii. 31.

Muta, battle of, between the forces of
the emperor Heraclius and those of
Mahomet, vi. 282.

Mygdonius, river, the course of, stopped
by Sapor king of Persia, at the siege
of Nisibis, ii. 320.

N

Narbonne is besieged by Theodoric, and

relieved by count Litorius, iv. 272.
Nucoragun, the Persian general, his de
feat by the Romans, and cruel fate, v.
240.

Naissus, battle of, between the emperor
Claudius and the Goths, i. 325.
Naples is besieged and taken by Belisa