United States. Although the American minister emphatically denied the statements made in Congress, and maintained that only in the event of the closing of the legation would the American Church be forced to leave the city, in which case the cause of removal must be laid to Congress and not to the Holy See, the former refused to be convinced, possibly, as King intimated, because the way was being cleared for early recognition of the government of Victor Emmanuel.73

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LEO FRANCIS STOCK, Ph.D. The Catholic University of America, Washington, D. C.

King's despatches, nos. 82-92, Feb. 11-May 7, 1867, are given almost exclusively to the discussion of this matter. He makes it very plain that the claims upon which Congress apparently based its withdrawal of the appropriation for this mission, had no foundation in fact.

DR. ADRIAN FORTESCUE

Catholic scholarship is distinctly the poorer by the death of Rev. Adrian Fortescue who passed away at St. Andrew's Hospital, Dollis Hill, London, on February 11.

Adrian Fortescue was born in 1874, the son of the Rev. Edward Bowles Knottesford Fortescue, sometime Provost of St. Ninian's, Perth, and Gertrude, daughter of the Rev. Sanderson Robins, M.A. The Forescue family was Catholic in its origin, being descended from the Blessed Adrian Fortescue, who belonged to the Salden branch of the great Devonshire family of Fortescue. The martyr, a Knight of St. John, who was condemned to death in 1539 by the same act of attainder that decreed the execution of Cardinal Pole, was beatified by Pope Leo XIII, in 1895. Dr. Fortescue was educated at the Scots College, Rome, and at the University of Innsbruck. He was ordained at Brixen, in the Tirol, in 1898. In 1907 he became parish priest at the Garden City, Letchworth, where he remained, at St. Hugh's until he left to enter the hospital. In 1918 he became a Consultor of the Sacred Congregation of Oriental Affairs.

One who knew Dr. Fortescue intimately says of him: "He was very English in his reticence, very Roman in his logic, very German in his relentless passion for hunting facts, European and sometimes Eastern in his linguistic powers, but ever Catholic in mind and heart and wide-flung sympathy. As a priest he brought loving care to the performance of every spiritual and liturgical act; as a writer, he was indefatigable and he has left us notable contributions on Eastern Christianity and Liturgy; as a preacher and lecturer, he was familiar not only to Catholic audiences, but also to outside bodies; among others he had lectured to the Society of St. Thomas of Canterbury and to non-Catholic congregations in the West End of London.

In the departments of research in which he specialized-Liturgy and Ceremonial, and Eastern Church History-Dr. Fortescue produced a number of works of which one at least, The Orthodox Eastern Church, has become a classic on the subject; a supplementary volume treated of The Lesser Eastern Churches; a third volume, dealing with the Uniats, was projected to complete the survey, and we believe had been for some time in preparation. The Greek Fathers and a translation of The Litargy of St. John Chrysostom are among his other works concerned with the East. Interest in the Roman Liturgy produced a study of The Mass. Ceremonies of the Roman Rite Described, The Vestments of the Roman Rite, and other books and pamphlets. In The Early Papacy to the Synod of Chalcedon he brought together a veritable treasury of witnesses to the Papal Primacy, whilst Pange Lingua, in which he had a co-worker in Mr. Alan McDougall, gave us ancient Latin hymns with translations.

He brought out also a collection of Latin hymns which he translated and used at St. Hugh's, Letchworth. Dr. Fortescue's translations were marked by a dignity and simplicity which rank them as among his finest literary work. Besides all this, he wrote introductions to several liturgical books, and was the author of many articles, among them a number in our own columns. He collaborated in the Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics; and the Catholic Encyclopedia contains a great many entries from his pen, principally on Eastern matters. He was, besides, a draughtsman of no small ability, as is shown by the sketches with which he illustrated his two books on the Eastern Churches already mentioned. In controversy Dr. Fortescue was informed, keen, and trenchant; but underlying a stern and, as it might seem to outsiders, an occasional forbidding manner, was always a willingness to weigh the views of those who differed from him, and the readiness at all times to be of help in the cause of truth. He was a frequent contributor to the Catholic Press, and shortly before his death we had begun negotiations to enlist his services as a contributor to the Catholic Historical Review.

DR. JAMES J. FOX

When, on Monday morning, February twenty-sixth, personal friends and newspapers announced the untimely death of Reverend Doctor James J. Fox, the tidings came to members of the teaching corps of the Catholic University as a distinct shock. In the space of a few years its professors have had occasion to lament the loss of several of their ablest and most esteemed colleagues, but though in every instance a fatal result was not expected, in those cases the fact of dangerous sickness was generally known at the University. Of this last bereavement, however, there was no expectation. No wasting illness or weakened spirit foretold the plans of fate. No vagrant fairy from his native land vouchsafed to any friend of Father Fox a vision of the ugly cloud approaching. No ear had heard the stealing steps of destiny. We shall never know whether the last farewell of our dear friend was tame or tragic, whether, as worldly cares began to fade, he sat at his desk to wrest relief from anguish, or whether, as the shades were deepening, he strove to shape a message that perished on his pen.

To do justice to the merits of Doctor Fox would require the docile pen that he himself had trained. Only that could adequately describe the flashing wit that never wounded, the taste that could impart to the uncouth rimes of some prentice poet a touch of harmony. His was the fancy that could make even a desert cell grow fragrant with its flowers. And was our lost companion a prolific author? One is forced to concede that he wrote all too little Enough, however, proceeded from his pen to prove, if his conversation required such confirmation, his rare

skill in the art of composition. Like a few famous men of letters who sent their fellows only an occasional message, Doctor Fox, if we may borrow a phrase from Matthew Arnold, did not speak out. He resembled one of those voiceless streams that slowly wind their way, almost unseen, toward a noble river soon to lose itself in some lifeless ocean. But even though Father Fox was not himself a prolific author, he was a cause of authorship in others. His mastery of form could not have been misapplied. His erudition was not lost, for wit and learning add a charm to the principles of "divine philosophy," phases of which science he had for years both studied and taught.

More than a generation had passed since James Joseph Fox received in 1888, from the Royal University of Ireland, the degree of bachelor of arts. In 1897 the Catholic University of America conferred upon him the licentiate in sacred theology. Three years later he received, from the same institution, the doctorate in sacred theology. For nine years thereafter he filled the position of Professor of Philosophy in the College of St. Thomas, Washington, D. C. Later he became a lecturer on Ethics in the Catholic University; and was soon appointed its Associate Professor of Ethics, a position which he admirably filled until the time of his death.

The Ethics of Doctor Fox, however, was not entirely learned from books, but in part from the promptings of a clear soul. His practiced ear had learned to know the softest sigh of sorrow, and his compassionate spirit to read the hidden aspects of distress. Many a time, none knew how often, his words and deeds had healed some breaking heart,

Though wit and scholarship were not unprized by our departed colleague, his affections were based upon things less fleeting. He was not, indeed, indifferent to the grace of modesty, not did he fail carefully to cultivate the virtue of charity, which did not exhaust itself in relieving the needs of his fellow men It extended to his reports of their. judgment and their conduct. He had no skill in disparagement. In conversation no glance betrayed an uncomplimentary estimate. With gifts that might have excelled in satire, there is to be found in his writings no trace of invective, nor even so much as one stylistic shrug. His familiar talk, oftentimes brilliant, was never marred by harshness.

The fine spirit of Doctor Fox had hardly been touched by the winds of Time, for neither his genial face nor abundant pleasantries pointed to the fact that in years he had attained to the middle sixties. Young men as well as their seniors delighted in his companionship, while his ample knowledge and felicitous phrase made him a favorite in the class room. In his large vocabulary there was no such word as reproof. His genuine sympathy accomplished its work in other ways. In days soon to come we shall miss his contribution to the observance by the University of St. Patrick's day. He appears to have known the native land of mirth, and of eloquence, differing spirits whom he annually per

suaded to pass an evening together. For Ireland he had a profound and intelligent affection. He could welcome its political independence whether it came a single measure of restitution or whether it was tendered by calculated instalments. Indeed, it was this very virtue of tolerance which chiefly distinguished him from the more knowing multitude.

In the death of Reverend Doctor Fox, the Catholic University has lost an efficient and devoted professor, the Catholic Church an intelligent and loyal priest, and the United States a patriotic citizen unobtrusively but ceaselessly striving to promote the general welfare. To his kinsfolk we extend our heartfelt sympathies together with the assurance that with us the memory of his worth will long preserve its freshness. CHARLES H. MCCARTHY.