CUMBERLAND.

SITUATION AND EXTENT.

Boundaries. North, Scotland. East, Northumberland and Durham. South, Westmoreland and Lancaster. West, Irish Sea.

Greatest length 72; greatest breadth 38; circumference 224; square 1516 miles. Province, York, Diocese, Carlisle, excepting the Ward of Allerdale above Derwent in Chester, and the Parish of Alston Moor in Durham, Circuit, Northern.

ANTIENT STATE AND REMAINS.

British Inhabitants. Brigantes.
Roman Province. Valentia. Stations. Amboglana, Burdoswald: Petriana,
Castlesteads: Aballaba, Watch-cross: Congavata, Stanwix: Axelodu-
num, Burgh on the Sands: Gabrocentum, Drumburgh: and Tunuocelum,
near Boulness: on the Wall. Derventio, Papcastle: Virosidum, Ellen-
borough: Olenacum, Old Carlisle: Voreda, Old Penrith: Arbeia,
Moresby or Irby: Bremetenracum, Whitbarrow or Brampton: Apiato-
rium, Bewcastle: Castra exploratorum, Netherby on the Esk: Lugu-
ballium, Carlisle.

Saxon Heptarchy. Northumbria.
Antiquities. The Roman Wall. "Long Meg and her Daughters," Druidical
circle, 350 feet diameter. "Giant's Grave," Pillars in Penrith Church-
yard. Bewcastle Obelisk. Carlisle Cathedral. Kirklinton, Aspatria,
Torpebow, and St. Bees Churches. Fortified Towers of Newton-Arlosh,
Burgh on the Sands, and Great Salkeld Churches. Holme-Cultram and
Calder Abbeys. Lanercost and Wetheral Priories. Seton Nunnery..
Irton Cross. Bridekirk Font. Bewcastle, Carlisle, Cockermouth, Dacre,
Egremont, High Head, Kirk Oswald, Naworth, Penrith, Rose, and
Scaleby Castles.

Carlisle was the only Episcopal Chapter in England of the order of St.
Austin; the others were all of St. Benedict.

PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE.

Rivers. Bleng, Calder, Caldew, Cocker, Croglin, DERWENT, Duddon, Eamont, EDEN, Ellen, Enn, two Esks, Gelt. Greeta, Irt, Irthing, Kershope, Kingwater, Line, Liddel, Lowther, Mite, Nent, Petterell, Sark, Tees, Tyne, Wampool, Waver.

Inland Navigation. Derwent and Eden Rivers. Whitehaven Brook.
Lakes. Bassenth waite, Crumock, DERWENT, Devock, Ennerdale, Lowes,
Over, ULLS, and Wast Waters. Butter and Thirl Meres. Barnmoor,
Bray, Martin, Sallafield, Talkin, Tindale, and Wadling Tarns. Authorn
Lough. The Stark.
Eminences and Views. Seafell, 3166; Helvellyn, 3055; Skiddaw, 3022;
Bowfell, 2911; Cross fell, 2901; Pillar, 2893; Saddleback, 2787; Gras-
mere fell, 2756; High Pike, 2101; Black Comb, 1919; Dent Hill, 1115
feet above the level of the Sea. Hardknot, Wrynose, Penrith Beacon,
Christenbury Craggs, Carrock, Scaw, and Souter fells.

Natural Curiosities. Gilsland and Melmerby Medicinal Waters. Airey Force
in Gorbarrow Park, Scale Force, Lowdore and the Howk Cascades.
The Bowder Stone, 31 ́yards long and 8 high. Borrowdale Pass.
Scuts. Warnel Hall, Earl of Lonsdale, Lord Lieutenant of the County.
Armathwaite Castle, Robert Saunder-

son Milbourne, esq.
Carlton Hall, Rt. Hon. Thos. Wallace.
Clea Hall, Sir Henry Fletcher, bart.
Corby Castle, Henry Howard, esq.
Crofton Place, Sir Wastell Brisco, bt.
Dalehead, Thos. Stranger Leathes, esq.
Dalemain, Edward Hassell, esq.
Derwent Water, Lord Win. Gordon.
GENT. MAG. Suppl. LXXXVI. PART II.

Ꭰ

Greystock Castle, Duke of Norfolk.
Hayton Castle, Rev. Isaac Robinson.
Hutton Hall, Sir Frederick Fletcher
Vane.

Kirklinton Hall, William Dacre, esq.
Mire House, John Spedding, esq.
Muncaster Castle, Lord Muncaster.
Netherby, Sir James Graham, bart.
Nunnery, Mrs. Elizabeth Bamber.

Ponsonby,

1

Weary Hall, Mr. Geo.Drury, a quaker.
Wood Hall, J. Saunderson Fisher, esq.
Workington Hall, John Christian Cur-
wen, esq.

Ponsonby Hall, Geo.Edw. Stanley, esq. Rose Castle, Bishop of Carlisle. Walton House, Wm. Ponsonby Johnson, esq. Members to Parliament. For the County, 2; Carlisle, 2; Cockermouth, 2; total 6.

Produce. Wadd or Black Lead, Lead, Coal, Iron, Limestone, Gypsum, Slate, Freestone. Oats, Potatoes, Cranberries, Butter. Herrings, Cod, Salmon.

Manufactures. Cotton, Coarse Cloths, Coarse Linen, Sail Cloths, Shipbuilding, Glass Bottles.

POPULATION.

Wards, 5; Parishes, 104; Market-lowns, 19; Houses, 24,552.
Inhabitants. Males, 63,433; Females, 70,311: total 133,744.

Families employed in Agriculture, 10,868; in Trade, 11,448; in neither, 6,074 total, 28,390.

Baptisms. Males, 1,965; Females, 2,001.—Marriages, 1,040.—Burials, Males,

Auno S75, Carlisle destroyed by the Danes.

1001, Cumberland laid waste by Ethelred, because Malcolm its Prince assisted

the Danes.

1053, Cumberland granted by Edward the Confessor to Siward Earl of Northumberland, who afterwards defeated Macbeth, and placed Malcolm, Prince of Cumberland, son of Duncan, on the throne of Scotland.

1153, At Carlisle, David, King of Scotland, died.

1306, July 7, at Burgh-upon-Sands, EDWARD I. died.

1315, Carlisle successfully defended, against Robert Bruce, by Andrew de Hercla, created for this service Earl of Carlisle.

1537, near Carlisle, Nicholas Musgrave, in rebellion against Henry VIII. defeated by the Duke of Norfolk.

1542, at Solway Moss, the Scots, under Sir Oliver Sinclair, favourite of James V. routed, and their principal Nobles taken, by Sir Thomas Dacre and Sir John Musgrave.

1568, May 16, at Workington, poor Mary of Scots landed.

1645, June 25, Carlisle, after a noble defence, surrendered to the Scottish army under General Lesley.

1645, October, near Carlisle, Lord Digby and Sir Marmaduke Langdale defeated by the Parliamentarians.

1745, Nov. 15, Carlisle surrendered to Prince Charles Stuart.

- Dec. 18, at Clifton, skirmish between the rear of the Prince's army and the van of the Duke of Cumberland's. — Dec. 30, Carlisle retaken by the Duke of Cumberland.

BIOGRAPHY,

Aglionby, John, one of the translators of the Testament, about 1565.
Annesley, Samuel, nonconformist divine and author, 1619.

Armstrong, Archibald, fool or jester to James I. and Charles I. Arthuret

(died 1672).

Banks, Sir John, Chief Justice, Keswick, about 1590.

Benn, William, nonconformist divine and author, Egremond, 1600.
Benson, George, dissenter, biblical critick, Great Salkeld, 1699.

Boucher,

Boucher, Jonathan, loyalist divine, Saxon scholar, Blencogo, 1758.
Canon, John, schoolman, Canonsby (flourished 1320).

Dalton, John, divine and poet, Deane, 1709.

Eaglesfield, Robert, founder of Queen's College, Oxford (died about 1370). Egremont, William, schoolman, Egremont (flourished 1390).

Fletcher, Abraham, mathematician, Little Broughton, 1714.

Foster, Elizabeth, martyr, Greystock (burnt in Smithfield 1556).

Gilpin, Richard, divise, author of "Satan's Temptations" (died 1657).

Gilpin, Sawrey, artist, painter of animals, Carlisle, 1733.

Gilpin, William, divine and tourist, Sealeby Castle, 1724.

Graham, George, mathematical instrument maker, Horsgill, 1675.
Grindal, Edmund, Abp. of Canterbury, Hensingham, 1519.

Harvey, Thomas, divine and stenographist, Dovenby, 1740.

Herebert, St. friend of St. Cuthbert (died 688).

Hudleston, John, catholic priest, preserver of Charles II. Greystock, 1608. Hudson, John, critick, editor of Josephus, Widehope, 1662.

Hutton, Sir Richard, judge, Penrith (died 1638).

Langbaine, Gerard, divine and antiquary, Kirk-Bampton (died 1657).
Layburn, Roger, Bp. of Carlisle, near Carlisle (died 1509).

Leake, John, physician, founder of the Westminster Lying-in Hospital,

Aiustable, 1729.

Nicolson, William, Abp. of Cashel, antiquary, Orton, 1655.

Porter, George, civilian, Weary Hall (died about 1635).

Reay, William, divine, author of "Sermons," Nether Denton (died 1756).
Relph, Josiah, "Cumberland poet," Sebergham, 1712.

Ritson, Isaac, translator of Homer's Hymn to Venus, Penrith.
Robinson, Henry, Bp. of Carlisle, Carlisle, about 1556.

Seed, Jeremiah, divine, Clifton, 1605.

Senhouse, Richard, Bp. of Carlisle, Netherhall (died 1626).

Simpson, Bolton, editor of Xenophon, Redmain, 1717.

Simpson, Joseph, editor of Epictetus and Theophrastus, Redmain, 1710.
Skelton, John, satirical poet, Armathwaite (died 1529).

Taylor, John, lived to the age of 135, Garragill, 1638.

Tickell, Thomas, poet, Bridekirk, 1686.

Todd, Hugh, miscellaneous writer, Blencowe, about 1652.

Whelpdale, Roger, Bp. of Carlisle, logician and mathematician (died 1422).

MISCELLANEOUS REMARKS.

From Whitehaven a packet to Man, of which isle it is intended to give a separate account.

Nov. 13, 1771, Solway Moss overflowed, covering and destroying every thing within a space of 500 acres.

"The wizard Michael Scot" was a monk of Holme Cultram about 1290.The theologian Paley was rector of Salkeld, vicar of Dalston and Addingham, and archdeacon of Carlisle; his "Hora Paulinæ,” “Evidences of Christianity," "Sermons," "Moral and Political Philosophy," were composed at Carlisle. He was buried in the Cathedral. — Tarn Wadling Lake and Castle Hewin are the scene of a ballad in Percy's Collection, entitled "Sir Gawaine's Marriage."" Adam Bell, Clym o' th' Clough, and Wyliam of Cloudeslee,” three Cumberland archers and outlaws, are but little inferior in ballad celebrity to Robin Hood and Little John. BYRO.

DERBYSHIRE.

SITUATION AND EXTENT.

Boundaries. N. E. York. N. W. Chester. East, Nottingham. South, Leicester. S. W. and West, Stafford.

Greatest length 55, greutest breadth 33, circumference 204, square 1077 miles.

Province, Canterbury. Diocese, Lichfield and Coventry. Circuit, Midland.

ANTIENT

ANTIENT STATE AND REMAINS.

British Inhabitants.

Coritani.

--

Roman Province. Flavia Cæsariensis. Station. Derventio, Little Chester.
Saxon Heptarchy. Mercia.
Antiquities. Arbor Low and Nine Ladies, Druidical circles. Hirst Stones,
Druidical monument. Staden Low Earth-work. Robin Hood's mark,
and the Turning-stone, near Ashover. Beauchief and Dale Abbeys. All
Saints, Derby (tower 180 feet high). Repton (spire 198 feet), Chester-
field (twisted spire 230 feet), and Wirksworth Churches. Castleton or
Peak, Codnor, Mack worth, and Bolsover Castles. Haddon Hali. South
Wingfield Manor-house.

The Lead Mines of this County were worked by the Romans.

Repton was the burial-place of the Mercian Kings Merewala and Ethelbald. St. Alkmund's Church, Derby, contains the remains of Alkmund, son of Alured King of Northumberland.

PRESENT STATE AND APPEARANCE.

Rivers. Trent, Derwent, Dove, Wye, Errewash, Rother, Henmore, Mease.
Inland Navigation. Trent and Mersey, Chesterfield, Errewash, Peak Forest,
Cromford, Ashby de la Zouch, and Derby Canals. Trent and Derwent
Rivers.
Eminences and Views. Axedge (2100 feet above Derby town), and Kinder
Scout, in the high Peak. Brassington Moor, Alport near Worksworth,
and Crich-cliff, in the low Peak. Thorp Cloud. Charlesworth Nick.
Robin Hood's Chair, Win Hill. Riber Hill, and Heights of Abraham,
Matlock.

Natural Curiosities. Buxton, Matlock, Kedleston, Quarndon, and Heage
Medicinal Waters. Scenery of Matlock, Dove Dale, Middleton and
Monsal Dales. Bradwell crystallized Cavern. Ebbing and flowing Well.
Mam Tor, or the shivering Mountain. Elden Hole. Poole's Hole.
Castleton Cavern. Marvel Stones. Router Rocks. Bradley, Graned,
and Chee Tors. Petrifying Spring, Cumberland, Smediey, and Rutland
Caverns, Matlock.

Seats.

CHATSWORTH and Hardwick Hall, Duke of Devonshire, Lord Lieutenant of the County. Alder waslee Hall, Francis Hurt, esq. Ashbourn Hall, Sir BrookeBoothby, bt. Bretby Park, Earl of Chesterfield. Calke Abbey, Sir Henry Harpur Crewe, bart.

Chaddesden, Sir Robert Mead Wilmot,
bart.

Darley Hall, Robert Holden, esq.
Doveridge House, Lord Waterpark.
Drakelow, Sir Roger Gresley, bart.
Egginton, Sir Henry Every, bart.
Elvaston, Earl of Harrington.
Foremark, Sir Francis Burdett, bart.
Hopton Hall, Philip Gell, esq.
KEDLESTON, Lord Scarsdale.

Locko, William Drury Lowe, esq.
Longford Hall, Edward Coke, esq.
Markeaton, Mrs. Mundy.
Melbourne, Lord Melbourne.
Osmaston, Sir Robert Wilmot, bart.
Overton Hall, Sir Joseph Banks, bart.
P. R. S.

Shipley Hall, Edw. Miller Mundy, esq.
Stanton Hall, Bache Thornhill, esq.
Sudbury, Lord Vernon,

Tissington, Sir Henry Fitzherbert, bt.
Willersley Castle, Richard Arkwright,
esq.

Wingerworth Hall, Sir Thos. Windsor
Hunloke, bart.

Members to Parliament. For the County, 2; Derby, 2: total 4.

Produce. Lead, Iron, Calamine, Coal, Limestone, Marble, Gypsum, Fluorspar, Rotten Stone. Porcelain, Pipe, and Potter's Clay. Butter, Wheat, Barley, Chamomile.

Manufactures. Stockings, Calicoes, Thread, Silk, Iron, Spar Ornaments, Malt.
POPULATION.

́Hundreds, 6; Parishes, 116; Market-towns, 11; Houses, 36,854.
Inhabitants. Males, 91,494; Females, 93,993: total 185,487.

Families employed in Agriculture, 14,283; Trade, 15,825; in neither, 7,332: total, 37,440.

Baptisms. Males, 2,682; Females, 2,699.-Marriages, 1,383.- Burials, Males, 1,790; Females, 1,856.

Towns

Total, Towns, 14; Houses, 9,495; Inhabitants, 46,163.

HISTORY.

Anno 873, Repton was the head winter-quarters of the Danes. 918, Derby taken from the Danes by Ethelfleda by storm.

1261, at Chesterfield, Robert Ferrars, last Earl of Derby, defeated by Henry, son of the King of the Romans.

From 1568 to 1584, at Wingfield, Chatsworth, Buxton, and Hardwicke, Mary Queen of Scots confined under the custody of the Earl of Shrewsbury. 1643, May, near Chesterfield, Parliamentarians defeated by the Earl, afterwards Duke, of Newcastle.

1688, at Whittington, the Duke of Devonshire, the Earl of Danby (afterwards Duke of Leeds), Sir John D'Arcy, and others, met and concerted the Revolution; solemnly commemorated in 1788, and a Sermon preached by the venerable Dr. Pegge.

1745, Dec. 4, Prince Charles Edward Stuart, with his army, about 7100 men, entered Derby, their nearest approach to London; haited on the 5th; commenced their retreat towards Scotland on the 6th.

BIOGRAPHY.

Agard, Arthur, antiquary, Foston, 1540.

Ashburne, Thomas, opponent of Wickliffe, Ashborn (flourished 1382).
Babington, Anthony, conspirator against Elizabeth, Dethick (executed 1586).
Bage, Edward, novelist, Darley, 1728.

Bagshaw, William, nonconformist divine and author, Litton, 1629.
Blackwall, Anthony, schoolmaster, 1674,

Bott, Thomas, divine, Derby, 1688.

Brindley, James, canal engineer, Tuusted, 1716.

Buxton, Jedediah, calculator, Elmeton, 1707.

Cockain, Sir Aston, poet, Ashbourn, 1606.

Coke, George, Bp. of Hereford, Trusley (died about 1650).

Coke, Sir John, secretary of State, Trusley (died 1644).

Curson, Roger, cardinal, Pope's legate, Croxhall, temp. Henry III.

Denman, Thomas, physician and accoucheur, Bakewell, 1733,

Farneworth, Ellis, translator, Booteshall, about 1710.

FITZHERBERT, Sir ANTHONY, judge, author of "De Natura Brevium," Norbury, about 1470.

Fitzherbert, Nicholas, biographer of Cardinal Allen, Norbury (drowned 1612). Fitzherbert, Thomas, jesuit, polemic writer, Norbury, died 1640.

FLAMSTEED, JOHN, astronomer, Derby, 1646.

Gray, William, Bp. of Ely, Lord Treasurer, Codnor (died 1478).

Halifax, Samuel, Bp. of St. Asaph, Chesterfield, 1730.

Hardwick, Elizabeth, Countess of Shrewsbury, foundress of Chatsworth and Hardwick, Hardwick, 1520.

Hierom, John, nonconformist divine and author, Stapenhill, 1608.

Hutton, William, antiquarian tourist, Derby, 1723.

LINACRE, THOMAS, founder of College of Physicians, Derby, 1460.

Oldfield, John, nonconformist divine and author, near Chesterfield, 1627.
PEGGE, SAMUEL, antiquary, Chesterfield, 1704.

Pursglove, Robert, suffragan Bishop of Hull, Tideswell (1579).
RICHARDSON, SAMUEL, novelist, 1689.

Seward, Anna, poet, Eyam, 1747.

Shaw, Samuel, nonconformist divine and author, Repton, 1635.
Stanhope, George, Dean of Canterbury, theologian, Hartshorn, 1660.
Stathom, John, author of Abridgment of the Laws, temp. Henry VI.

Strutt,