Election, 1661," 4to; but the names of these monsters of romance are here fancifully applied, and either shew the ignorance of the writer, or that the more genuine names were at that time pretty well forgotten.

'These seem to be the only references to the Guildhall statues, as they existed before the Great Fire of London, that are intitled to particular notice; but they do not enable us to form any correct notion of the manner in which they were represented, or the materials of which they were composed. If they were the actual figures exhibited in the pageant at Temple-bar before Queen Elizabeth, they would be made of pasteboard or wicker-work, the usual materials employed in the construction of the huge figures occasionally introduced in this and other countries in pageants and processions. We have seen from the passage in Bishop Hall's Satires, that one of the Guildhall figures carried a tremendous club; and it is most probable that the other was armed with such a mace as we find in the hand of one of the present giants, viz. a spiked globe of iron attached by a chain to a wooden handle. Of such weapons I have seen many specimens in foreign arsenals; and some varieties of them are described in Pere Daniel, "Histoire de la Milice Françoise."

In a very modern edition of the celebrated Romance of the History and Destruction of Troy, it is stated that Brute the son of Antenor made a voyage to Britain, where, aided by the remaining natives, who had been conquered by Albion and his brother giants, he made war against this usurper, whom he slew in a bloody conflict, taking prisoners his brothers Gog and Magog, who were led in triumph to London, and chained, as porters, to the gate of a palace built by Brute on the present site of Guildhall: "in memory of which," says the Author or Editor of the Romance," their effigies, after their death, were set up as they now appear in Guildhall." I am unable to trace this account any where else; and, as it is not in the older copies of the Troy book, I must conclude that the Editor has either invented it, or retailed some popular tradition. As the story is however evidently grafted on the fabulous relation of Geoffrey of Monmouth, and the latter more immediately to the purpose of throwing light on the subject before us, I shall here give an abridgement of the Welsh Historian's narration.

'He informs us, from an Armorican Chronicle put into his hands by Walter Calenius, Archdeacon of Oxford, that

Brutus, the great grandson of Æneas, after being banished from his own country, and undergoing many adventures, arrived at a place in the Tyrrhenian sea colonized by some fugitive Trojans. Being joined by these people and their leader Corinæus, he achieved many other great exploits, and at length came to the isle of Albion, then inhabited by a few giants only. The two leaders took possession of the country and divided it between them; Brutus giving his own name to the island, aud Corinæus contenting himself with that part of it which was afterwards from him named Cornwall, and then inhabited by more giants than were in all the rest of the country. Corinæus amused himself with fighting and killing several of these gentry, among whom was one of much greater prowess than the rest, named Goemagot, and of such prodigious strength that he made no ceremony of pulling up trees by their roots like so many weeds. At some festival that took place, this enormous monster, with twenty of his comrades, suddenly assaulted the Britons; but, after many of the latter had been destroyed, the giants were at length overpowered, and all of them slain except Goemagot, whom Brutus had directed to be spared in or der to amuse him in a wrestling-match with Corinæus. A furious contest accordingly took place between these redoubted champions, with many a Cornish hug; and Corinæus, after the giant had demolished three of his ribs, which of course greatly enraged him, suddenly jerked his adversary upon his shoulders, and hurled him from the top of a high mountain into the sea, where he fell among the rocks and was dashed to pieces. "This place," continues the romantic historian, "is called to this day, Lam Goemagot, or Goemagot's leap.". Camden informs us that the above hill is between the town of Ply mouth and the sea, and now called "the Haw."

If therefore we connect this story with your quotation, in page 49, from Queen Elizabeth's Progresses, and with what I have extracted from Eliot and Hentzner, there can remain no doubt that the legitimate names of our giants are Corinæus and Goemagot or Gogmagog; that the former appellation has gradually sunk into oblivion, and the latter been split, by popular corruption, into two others, Gog and Magog, these being of more familiar and general comprehension.

'The next inquiry, and that of a more difficult nature, is whether the figures mentioned in the account of Queen Elizabeth's

Elizabeth's pageants at Temple-bar were afterwards transferred to Guildhall, or whether similar statues had been already placed in that building. Our evidence of the latter circumstance fails us at present before the year 1593; but the pageant took place in 1558. I am inclined to think, however, that some figures of this kind had, long before the reign of Elizabeth, decorated not only the City Guildhall, but other such buildings in different parts of the kingdom, in imitation of a very ancient custom on the Continent, in the discussion of which more space would be required than can possibly be here allotted to it; but I may possibly resume it at some future opportunity. In the mean time I shall content myself with observing, that in some German and Italian cities, statues of Roland, of Oliver, and perhaps other heroes of Charlemagne's reign, and even of the Emperor himself, are placed in the town-halls, the courts of justice, and in churches. An instance of the latter occurs at Verona, where Roland, holding his sword Durindart, and another hero, armed with a mace that has the chain and spiked ball of iron before described, are attached to the doors of the cathedral. Some German writers are of opinion that these statues more particularly belong to those cities that are municipal, and possessed of a juridical power. I refer your learned readers to

Gryphiander de Weichbildis, sive colossis Rulandinis urbium Saxonicarum," 1666, 4to. to similar works by Goldasti, Meyer, Rhetius, and Eggeling, and to Dr. Behrens's interesting description of the Hartz Forest in Saxony.

Before I conclude, I shall beg leave to say a few more words on Gogmagog's hills in general.

We have already been told by the bragger in Eliot's Dialogues, that two of the Cambridgeshire hills, with this appellation, were set up by Atlas, Gogmagog's cousin-german, for the pastime of the Cambridge scholars; a fact that may supply some future Cambridge Antiquary, in rivalship of Thomas Hearne of Oxford, with an excellent argument in favour of the superior antiquity of his University. I have been told that there was formerly a gigantic human figure cut in the chalk upon one of the above hills. Carew likewise, in his Survey of Cornwall, mentions that in his time the figures of two men were cut on the ground at the Hawe at Ply. mouth, the one bigger, the other lesser, with clubs in their hands, whom the people called Gog, and Magog; doubtless in the same corrupted manner as beforementioned, There are, however,

other hills, which legitimately belong to the Gog and Magog of the Scriptures, according to the accounts of Sir John Mandeville and other veracious travellers. In these mountains, which are near the Caspian Sea, Alexander the Great imprisoned Gog and Magog with the ten tribes of Israel, as may be seen more at large in the romances relating to that hero, and more particularly in Sebastian Brant's edition of the Revelations of Saint Methodius, where will be found portraits of Messrs. Gog and Magog, in the characters of two horned dæmons; which, with the figures now for the first time correctly given, may be deemed worthy of a place in the portfolios of modern collectors, among many other Worthies of a similar nature; but I would rather assign the origin of our English hills to the British story. I am, Sir, very faithfully yours,

FRANCIS DOUCE.'

We sincerely hope this elegant Volume will produce as much profit to its Author, as it is calculated to afford entertainment to the admirers of the Antiquities of the Metropolis.

2. Cambria Depicta: being a Tour through North Wales, illustrated with 71 Picturesque Views of that Romantic Country, beautifully coloured from Nature, so as to imitate Drawings. By Edward Pugh, a Native Artist, 4to. Williams,

WEAK, comparatively, as the ef fect upon the mind must be, which is produced by any verbal description of the scenery of a romantic country, books of voyages and travels were generally read with avidity, even when not illustrated by the aid of the pencil and the engraver. But so sensibly is the want of their aid always felt, so much does the imagination fail in the attempt to picture to itself objects of which the eye has seen no resemblance, or none to which the imagination can refer as a subject of comparison; that even rude outlines or sketches, where no better could be had, have proved of considerable value. They afford, though not perhaps correct ideas, something on which the apprehension may seize as the means of attaining a more just conception of that which is described, a something by which it forms a probable mental image of the original; and the more

so, as that original in its appearance presents regularity of outline and simplicity of composition, or similarity to objects with which we are familiar.

From the verbal description of a fortress, a temple, or a piece of sculpture, we can derive a degree of information, because the general forms of their component parts are unknown to few. In like manner we have some knowledge of the effects of light and shade, of the beauty of a rich valley, and the majesty of lofty mountains that rise above the region of the clouds, but, unless the landscape be seen, or such a representation as lays its peculiar character before the eye, the impression made by mere description on the mind is at least indistinct and feebly felt; it rather disappoints than gratifies. It creates a desire to see what has excited the various sensations of pleasure or terror of which we read with interest; we wish to participate in the same emotions, but are not satisfied with an indistinct perception that conjecture alone cannot remedy. Hence it is that the Art which is the parent of that which communicates the thoughts has been of late so much employed, and so ably exerted, for the illustration of the writings of those who have travelled in search of knowledge, whether of foreign countries or our own; and thus a larger portion of not only the knowledge, but much of the interest and pleasure of the traveller, is communicated to the Reader of his Narrative. The scenes which he has viewed present themselves, if not in their real extent and full effect, still in their proper character and semblance, and the imagination, proportionally magnifying the rainiature, acquires a just and lively idea of the archetype, which it can with pleasure dwell upon.

New is the pleasure, when such representations assist us to retrace the scenes we have ourselves visited; when they enable us to point out to others the peculiar features of local interest, to mark the spot endeared to memory, or distinguished by accident; to dwell on the several concurrent circumstances, or combined beauties or horrors, that raised admiration, or alarmed the apprehension; to compare the vestiges of antiquity with modern improvement,

and renovate and impart the sensations of the past with double gratification.

For these purposes the book before us presents superior advantages to any other we have met with on the same subject, both in the selection of views, and the number of highly-finished engravings and the excellence of the colouring. Of these the volume contains seventy-one; and for the correctness of the views, we can, from our own knowledge of many of them, answer for the correctness, and have every reason to believe the same of the rest. Amongst these the views of Pont y Cammau, a Mill near Caer Hun, the Rock called the Bishop's Throne, Nant y Bela, Eyarth Rocks, and others, exhibit bold traits of the romantic scenery, whilst those of Caduant, the Vale of Mold, and Bryn Bella, represent some of the milder beauties of landscape which adorn the country. Portraits also of some singular characters are added, and the whole is engraved and coloured in a manner that does much credit to the artists.

Of the selection of Views the Author in the Preface says, "I have abandoned the common practice of giving portraits of towns, casties, &c. which have been so often repeated, that they now fill every portfolio." He adds, "The picturesque embellishments of this volume are all (as far as I know) new to the publick, except that of St. Winifred's Well, and that of the Monument at Maes Garmon." We believe they are so, and they are therefore the more valuable.

We do not, however, confine our estimate of the merits of Mr. Pugh to his skill in delineation. As the writer of a Tour, he is one of the most pleasing we have met with. The style of his narrative is good, his observations jus!, and he treats his subject with an interest which a lively attachment to it naturally inspires. If he has not the advantages of the learning and the powers of research of a Pennant, he has genius and taste and humour of no ordinary description, which have enabled him to produce a very entertaining composition, which as such we can recommend to our Readers without any serious apprehension that they will feel themselves disappointed,

3. Nichols's

Reviczky's Collection*, I am become the possessor of two books, not more desirable on account of the correctness and beauty of their execution, than from the name and reputation of their Editor; whose talents and abilities, having already made so distinguished a subject for our political, must in future be equally celebrated by our literary, historians. I have the honour to be, Sir, with great truth, your most obedient humble servant, SPENCER.'"

The remainder of this Volume is

occupied by important and interesting Additions to those which precede. They must unquestionably have been the result of much severe labour and application, and they display the most minute care and accuracy in their methodical arrangement.

Weshall point out two articles among a great multitude, which have afforded the most unmixed gratification.

"Sir William Browne first settled at Lynn, under the patronage of the Turner family, about the year 1716; and in Feb. 1718 his name was enrolled among the free burgesses of that town; though there appears not to have been any great cordiality between him and the Corporation, and on some public occasion he set up a kind of competition for precedence with the Mayor. This appears by the following extract from the Town Records Aug. 29, 1723, Ordered, that a Letter be written by the Town Clerk to Dr. William Browne, to acquaint him with the resentment of this Corporation of his affront to the Mayor [Rich. Harwick, esq.], Justices, and Gentlemen of the Corporation, by an undue precedence he assumed and persisted in on Monday last." At that period he styled himself M. D. of both Universities; and he appears to have got on fast in the way of his vocation, so as to obtain a large share of popularity and practice, especially among the middling and lower classes of the community, which he is said to have turned to very good account; and he is understood to have made much more of his patients in the pecuniary way, than his rival Physician at Lynn [Dr. George Hepburn] was able to make of his among the higher orders. Having become the popular Physician and favourite, he the less regarded the favour of the gentry or higher classes. He has been spoken of at Lynn as a good Physician; but out of the line of his profession, either from his vanity or his eccentricities, he had not the art of concili

* Which included a copy of Mr. Wilkes's Catullus on vellum.

ating respect. In one thing he seemed more fortunate than his contemporary Hepburn; for he died rich, and the other poor. Hepburn's numerous patients were, it seems, more liberal in feasting than in feeing him; whereas Browne would not have been satisfied with that sort of liberality. - Browne certainly was a person of no common cast, or ordinary genius. Men of his sort are not to be seen every day; and when they do appear, they are sure to attract observation, and apt to make a stir wherever they happen to fix their

residence. Browne was at the head of those who opposed the ruling powers at Lynn for most part of his long residence in that town; and he appears to have conducted himself with no small share of skill and dexterity; and with considerable effect when the squabble assumed any thing of a literary aspect. Dr. Edmund Pyle seems to have been his chief opponent; but he sometimes had the whole corporate body at him; yet he generally repelled their attacks very stoutly and successfully; and the opposition made by him and his friends is supposed to have been often of essential service to the town. At a contested election in 1747, he bore a conspicuous part; which led to an intimacy with Mr. Folkes, and to the marriage of that gentleman with Sir William's only daughter.-The late Mr. Thomas Hollingbury, many years a respectable bookseller at Lynn, used to say, that the first time he had to make out his bill after the Doctor had been dubbed a Knight, he wrote Sir William Browne Debtor to Thomas Hollingbury. When be delivered it into the Knight's hand, he looked at it a short time, and then, looking at him, said, 'Mr. Hollingbury, you might have said The Ho

nourable Sir William Browne.'

'I beg

your pardon, Sir William,' replied the Bookseller; but, upon my word, I did not know that it was customary to prefix to the name of a Knight the word Honourable.'-'As to that,' replied the Knight, if it be not customary, it would yet have been pleasing.'- Dr. Pyle, in a letter to his Father, in July 1752, says, "Your old friend Sir William Browne came to my Lord Bishop of Winchester some weeks ago, and told him, that he waited upon him for a pension payable out of his estate to the College of Physicians.' My Lord said,' he never heard of any such pension paid out of his revenues; and as to an estate of his own, he had none.'Yes,' said the Knight, you are chargeable herewith out of such an estate." - My Lord said, he had no estate any where of his own; and, as Bishop of Winchester, he had no such

eye would be offended to see here and there a perked-up grenadier of six feet four inches, breaking the line of five feet ten inches. Indeed, I would allow an officer, pro dignitate, like a proper name, to exceed in height. I have drawn a line through these grenadiers. It is quite right that ligatures should be banished. I have mentioned one or two other particulars to Dr. Tomson; whom I beg my best compliments. I have the honour to be, Sir, your very obedient servant, W. HOLWELL.'

to

"This plan was adopted, and Theophrastus is without accents.

Among the many acknowledgements

which were sent to him were the following:

'Park-place, May 29, 1790.

Dear Sir, I return you many thanks for the valuable present, which I have this moment received, of your new Edition of Theophrastus. Its value to me consists in its being a memorial, and not the first of the kind, of your friendship. As such, I shall ever sacredly preserve it; and shall contemplate it with more pleasure than the perusal could afford to many who possess the knowledge which I have unfortunately lost, if I can pretend to have ever attained it, of the language in which its contents are written. I am under a solemn engagement to Sir John Elliot, and mean to perform it, that I will learn the Spanish language, for the purpose of reading Don Quixote in the original text of a beautiful impression which he gave me. If I have life and leisure, I will not despair of being able to qualify myself to profit in the like manner by your gift. I have the honour to be, dear Sir, your much obliged and most faithful servant, WARREN HASTINGS.'

Lord

Ken Wood, June 3, 1790. Mansfield returns many thanks to Mr. Wilkes for his Theophrastus; and congratulates him upon his elegant amusement. Theophrastus drew so admirably from Nature, that his Characters live through all times, and in every country.' "Leicester-fields, June 4. Sir Joshua Reynolds presents bis compliments to Mr.Wilkes, and returns him many thanks for the present he has made him; the value of which is much increased, in his estimation, by the honour of receiving it from him. He is very much flattered by Mr. Wilkes's polite attention to him.'

'Cavendish-square, June 5. Sir John Thorold presents his compliments to Mr. Wilkes; is much honoured by his kind remembrance, and the valuable present he has made him of his Edition of Theophrastus; which, he doubts not,

Queen's-square, June 5. Mr. Cracherode has the honour to return his thanks to Mr. Wilkes, for the most complete Edition of the Characters of Theophrastus as yet printed; and to express the very grateful sense he entertains of his repeated favours.'

Soho-square, June 6. I know not whether you extend the liberality with which you distribute to your friends copies of your valuable Éditions of the Classicks any further: but I do know that I have an application from the Library of the University of Gottingen, now one of the very best in Europe; requesting that, as money will not purchase them, your goodness will place them there. I do not mean to press upon any resolutions you have made on acceding to the prayer of their petition, the subject; so shall only say, that, in you will command the gratitude of some very learned men. Believe me, dear Sir, &c. Jos. BANKS.'

'Bushy Park, Sept. 27, 1790. 'Sir,-Being possessed of a very good collection of the Greek and Latin Authors, and some very curious Editions, I cannot help entertaining an anxious desire of enriching my Library by the addition of your two elegant publications of Catullus and Theophrastus. But, alas! I find by inquiry among all the Booksellers, that they are not to be purchased; and that I can only make that valuable acquisition by addressing myself to your liberality. That course I have therefore taken. If you should have the goodness both to pardon and to comply with my application, be assured that no person on whom you may have conferred the same obligation will set a higher value on the present than myself. I have the honour to be, Sir, your most obedient and most humble servant, SYLVESTER DOUGLAS.'

Althorp, Oct. 17, 1790. 'Sir,-Though I have not the advantage of being personally acquainted with you, I cannot avoid taking the liberty of troubling you with a few lines, to return you my most sincere acknowledgements for the very obliging manner in which you have done me the honour to send me your beautiful Edition of Theophrastus upon vellum. I esteem myself peculiarly fortunate, as a Collector of scarce and valuable books, that, in consequence of my having purchased Count Reviczky's