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to the last Chamber; and that out of the 86 Presidents of Electoral Colleges appointed by the King, 46 were chosen as Deputies.

On the 20th inst. after mass, the duke of Ragusa (Marmont) between his majesty's hands, took the oath in quality of Marshal of France, and received a baton, ornamented with fleurs de lis, in presence of the princes and princesses of the royal family, the marshals, ministers, and a brilliant and numerous court.

A letter from Paris says, that M. Lafitte, the celebrated banker, has drawn up the plan of a budget, by which all the debt left by Buonaparte is to be discharged. To effect this, 120 millions are to be raised in four years by the sale of forests; some of the present duties are to be increased; 200 millious are to be raised by loan in this year; the same sum in the next; and 150 millions in each of the succeeding years.

An interesting account is given of a review of Austrian troops in the neighbourhood of Colmar, by the Duke of Wellington, in which they very happily allude to the singularity of an English general reviewing an Austrian army on French ground; and conclude with the exclamation, Who would have anticipated four years ago such an event?

An article from Rome, in the French papers, states, that the negociations between France and the Pope have terminated in the annulment of the Concordat agreed upon with Buonaparte. Louis has, by an effort of conscience, restored to the patrimony of Saint Peter, with a few modifications, the authority it possessed during the pontificate of Leo the Tenth.This affair, we are told, has been discussed between the Pope and the king by means of autograph letters.

NETHERLANDS.

guilty of speaking disrespectfully of any foreign state or government. This law was, no doubt, proposed in consequence of remonstrances from the French government, whose acts were freely canvassed and censured in some of those journals. The law in question passed by a majority of 64 to 4.

SWITZERLAND.

By letters from Lausanne, of the 10th of October, we learn, that assassinations and robberies multiply dreadfully in Italy. Travellers are stopped at 15 or 20 miles distance from the Simplon: this has occurred to three English families. ITALY.

Accounts from Naples state, that three American ships which had been confiscated by the Neapolitan government during Murat's administration, and still continued in that service, have been given up to Mr. Pinckney. This, it is hinted, will be the whole result of the demands of the American government; and we think it quite sufficient, considering their former subserviency to Murat, who was the person that really did them the injury of which they so tardily complain.

An article from Rome, announcing the return of the subjects of the Papal States freed from slavery by the triumph of our arms at Algiers, contradicts in the most positive manner all the statements which have hitherto appeared on that subject in the French papers. Instead of expressing discontent at our conduct, it breathes the warmest language of gratitude. It begins in the following manner: "The victory, as prompt as decisive, gained by the English fleet over the city of Algiers; the liberation of all Christian slaves, which has been its result; aud, what is still more fortunate, the total abolition of slavery with respect to the subjects of Christian States, are not only an object of admiration for all nations, but a motive of gratitude towards England." Surely this is not the language of disap

On the 8th inst. a message was sent by the King of the Netherlands to the States General, with copies of a Treaty of Al-pointment. We never believed the asserliance concluded with Spain, and of a Treaty of Peace with Algiers. The former treaty is one of mutual defence against the Barbary pirates; and by the treaty with Algiers, the Dutch are to enjoy all the advantages which the English possess in their intercourse, commercial and diplomatic, with these barbarians. The Dutch government and people are evidently proud of the share which their Navy had in the memorable victory atchieved over the Algerines. A day of thanksgiving was appointed for its commemoration.

A law was lately brought into the Chamber of the States General of the Netherlands, imposing very heavy penalties, both pecuniary and personal, on those editors of papers who shall be found

tions of the French. We could not think the Pope, and the other Powers of Italy, so blind or so senseless as to be dissatisfied with us for treating with the Algerines after we had consumed their Navy, destroyed all their means of hostility, and imposed upon them the solemn renunciation of their antient system of piracy and slavery. We rejoice to find we were right; and at the same time cannot help regretting that the sentiment of envy should be so prevalent in France, as to lead all its writers to endeavour to east a shade over our noblest virtues, and our most brilliant triumphs. Now that Algiers can no longer answer their purpose, they have recourse to Gibraltar; and gravely tell us, that the Spaniards are pre

paring to deprive us of that fortress, in order to punish us for the assistance which we are wrongly said to give to the South American insurgents. We thank them for the information, which, however, will not produce the intended effect. Were the possession of Gibraltar dependent on Spanish gratitude, we might indeed feel some alarm. But the bond by which we hold that fortress is one made with nature, not man. It is written on the inaccessible rock, not on perishable rolls; and it is kept inviolate and inviolable, by sleepless vigilance and invincible resolution.

SPAIN AND PORTUGAL.

The Queen of Spain, and her sister arrived in Madrid on the 28th ult. The marriage ceremony, which connected the princess (who is represented as young and lovely) with the Beloved Ferdinand for life, was celebrated on the following day. It is hinted, that the Court of Brazil is to receive some substantial remunerations in return for its consent to this alliance; and the Spanish writer says, "that the charms of the young spouse are well worth provinces, which Spain can do very well without." This is not the first time that a charming woman has been successfully employed to facilitate a diplomatic arrangement.

Late advices from Lisbon state, that great dissatisfaction prevails among the Portuguese in consequence of the government of Spain still persisting in its refusal to restore to Portugal Olivença, and some other fortified places on the frontiers, in virtue of an arrangement entered into some time ago between the two governments. Great Britain, it is stated, has made representations to Spain on the injustice and impropriety of her conduct.

The King of Portugal's present of plate to the Duke of Wellington has arrived in England: it consists of a table service for fifty-five persons, with a variety of vases and temples for a banquet, bearing most rich and superb allegorical representations of his Grace's victories; the silver alone cost 200,000l.

GERMANY.

An article from Vienna, in one of the Foreign Journals, thus speaks of the growing depravity of morals in that city."The constant increase of immorality has in this city multiplied suicides to a frightful extent. Hardly a week passes without the commission of several, accompanied by the most horrible circumstances. An ill-regulated love of pleasure, and unbridled luxury, produce the greater part of these enormities: morals are relaxed to such a degree, that some destroy themselves on the most frivolous occasions. Thus the other day a butler shot himself because the innkeeper, his master, reproved his negligence; an unmarried woman killed herself in a fit of despair, for

the death of her infant: and a journeyman shoemaker shot himself, because the girl he courted rejected his addresses. Such things have taken place at all times; but when they succeed each other so rapidly, one is compelled to admit that a kind of morbid sensitiveness threatens to supplant the energy and strength of mind which once distinguished the German character."

The Holy Alliance seems to be spreading almost as widely, and rapidly, as the Continental System did some years ago. The King of Saxony has recently joined it.

The Prince of Schwartzenberg, it is said, is about to proceed to Warsaw on a mission extraordinary from the Court of Vienna to the Emperor of Russia.

The Archduchess Henrietta, spouse of the Archduke Charles, abjures Protestantism, to enter the bosom of the Catholic church, on the 1st of November.

An article from Nuremburg animadverts on the great increase of duelling throughout Germany, and recommends the prohibition of it by penal laws. [The experience of this country, however, too clearly testifies the inadequacy of all laws to restrain a practice which is sanctioned by general opinion.]}

The King of Prussia has thrown open many of his provinces to the French exiles, who were obliged to leave their country in consequence of the law against the regicides, or on account of their political principles. This must be considered liberal conduct in the King, when the rancorous hatred formerly borne by all the Buonapartists towards Prussia is remembered.

It is now said from Berlin, that the new Prussian Constitution is positively to be carried into effect on the 1st of January in the ensuing year.

The Hamburgh papers afford fresh proof of the jealousy entertained on the Cominent against the importation of foreign manufactures. The Tuscan government has prohibited the importation, at Leghorn, of foreign iron, and all articles manufactured in that metal that can be produced at home. We lament the growth of this anti-social and false policy.

Great honours have been paid at Hamburgh to the veteran Blucher. It is reported in that city, that he has been invited by the Prince Regent to pay a second visit to England, and that he will comply with the invitation next year.

Father G. a Jesuit, expresses himself as follows respecting the treasures of Art, &c. which have been brought back from Paris to the monastery of St. Peter, at Erfurt: Among the relics are many highly valuable, which may be regarded as diamonds of the finest water; as, for example, nine of the skulls of the 11,000 virgins; a piece of a gown of the Virgin Mary;

Mary; the tuning-hammer belonging to David's harp; and many other similar treasures, in comparison of which the French contributions appear as nothing." RUSSIA.

The Emperor of Russia is making a tour through those parts of his empire which were the seat of the last war, with the view of alleviating the evils which they then sustained. On the 27th August his Majesty arrived at Moscow.

He was received in the Kremlin by the governor, General Tomassow and his staff, and by Prince Jussupow. All the streets to the Kremlin were filled with carriages, and countless multitudes of people. At 11 o'clock the Emperor, with the Grand Duke Nicholas, went to the cathedral church. A universal hurrah burst from the people at the sight of their beloved monarch. On entering the church the Emperor was received by the Archbishop Augustine, who made a speech describing the sufferings of Moscow, as well as the relief afforded by his Majesty, concluding with the solemn ejaculation, "Hosannah to the Almighty! Blessed is he who cometh in the name of the Lord." Mass was then said, aud thanksgivings offered up, amidst the discharge of cannon and ringing of bells. The principal officers had afterwards the honour of dining with his Majesty.-The Emperor is reducing his armies.

The Russian Academy has assigned a large sum for striking a series of medals, representing the most remarkable events in the late war between Russia and France, similar to the Napoleon medals in France, and a set of national medals now executing in England.

TURKEY.

We learn by the Hamburgh papers, that Lallemand and Savary, who sought refuge in Turkey, have been sent away from Constantinople, and that the Grand Seignior has declared, that he will not allow any of the adherents of Buonaparte to abide in his territories.

The Envoy from Tunis had the honour, on the 7th of September, of a solemn audience of the Grand Vizier; to whom he presented, for the Sultan, several magnificent presents. Among these were some beautiful female slaves, who were immediately sent to the summer palace of Beschitach. The other presents, which were exposed to public view, consisted of superb Arabian horses richly caparisoned, ostriches, jewels in silver basins, and a splendid flag of crimson damask, richly embroidered.

A dreadful insurrection of the Janissaries at Adrianople is spoken of; in which the Aga and Oglen Dagdeviren, Bostangi Baschi, performing the functions of governor, were cut to pieces.

GENT. MAG. October, 1816.

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From the environs of Trebisond, we learn, that the governor of that city, being at open war with the Derelegh Satili Bey, was obliged to evacuate the city, which was occupied by 4000 rebels. The soldiers of Satili Bey committed all kinds of excesses against the peaceable inhabitants of Trebisond. The French Consul, M. Dupre, was obliged to barricade his house, and defend himself against the factions. AMERICA.

Halifax papers to the 7th ult. mention, that accounts had been received by the Chief Justice of Bermuda from the government in England, that the American trade to that island would be prohibited; that its being made a free port was only a temporary measure, enacted during the war between Great Britain and the United States, and that Bermuda would be henceforth placed on the same footing as the British West India Islands. The Canada papers state, that there are frequent bickerings on the Lakes, occasioned by desertions and various other causes. Commissioners from Great Britain were to meet the Deputies from the United States at St. Andrew's (Passamaquoddy Bay) the end of August, to adjust the boundary line between British America and the United States.

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There has been a correspondence between Mr. Dallas and our Consul-General for the United States; who sent a remonstrance, on finding that higher duties had been imposed on British vessels than the treaty allowed. The reply of Mr. Dallas states in substance, that, the general government of the United States would keep strictly within the line of the treaty; but that the separate governments of each State might impose local duties, over which the general government had no controul. The party aggrieved would, however, be relieved, upon an appeal to the judicial authority of the country.

Accounts continue to be received from so many quarters, of the distressed state of numbers of those unhappy persons who have emigrated from the United Kingdom to America, that the fact can no longer be doubted. A letter from James Buchannan, Esq. the British Consul, dated New York, 28th August, states that "he expects every moment an order to hire vessels to send back thousands of emigrants to England, Scotland, and Ireland." In the week in which he wrote, ten English, eight Scotch, and seventy-six Irish had applied to him, entreating to obtain a passage. "Thousands," he states, "are in extreme distress, and must starve if some money be not furnished them by our Government. He has granted passports to many to go to Upper Canada; and hundreds, even of those who have been in

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Some confirmation has been received, via Madras, of an irruption by several thousands of Mahratta cavalry into the Guntoor Circar, one of the most tranquil and prosperous of the Company's possessions, on the coast of Coromandel; the country was desolated, and the most horrible cruelties and outrages perpetrated by the marauders, exceeding those even of Hyder Ally in 1780: a general Mahratta war is now considered more probable than ever.

The subscriptions to the Waterloo Fund have been liberal in the East Indies. They are likely to amount to not less than 50,000. The Nabob of Oude subscribed 10,000 sicca rupees.

PERSECUTIONS OF CHRISTIANS IN CHINA.

Rome, Oct. 1.-The allocution of the Pope at the late election of Cardinals, contains some curious facts respecting the state of the Christian religion in China. It seems, that the Jesuit missionaries to that empire have recently undergone grievous persecutions. Gabriel Dufresse, a French missionary, and bishop of Tabraca and Vicar Apostolic of the province of See-Tchuen for 39 years, has been put to death. Having been banished by the Chinese government, impelled by religious fervour, he returned, but was soon discovered, and put in irons. The Mandarins then suddenly affected much kindness, ordering his chains to be broken, and overwhelming him with caresses. But they had honey in their mouths and poison in their hearts. They boldly desired him to abjure his religion on his side he spoke of the futility of the Chinese rites, and extolled the Christian dogmas. The perfidious Mandarins had concealed two persons behind the partition, who wrote down the Bishop's words. An accusation was consequently drawn up, and the Bishop was taken before the Viceroy, who, being a sworn enemy to all Christians, condemned him immediately to die. In an instant this respectable old man was stripped of his robes, and led forth to the place of execution, where an immense crowd was assembled. Thirty-three Christians, whom no torments could divert from the true faith, were led out at the same time, surrounded by executioners and instruments of torture. All of them were then told, that they must abjure the Christian religion, or undergo the punishment of the cord. With heroic fortitude all refused to renounce their Saviour, and be sought the Bishop to give them absolution and his last benediction. The Bishop granted their request, and, after urging them to follow his example with firmness, laid his head on the block, and the exe

cutioner at one blow severed it from his body. The Christians, who had been only brought out to frighten them, were re-conducted to prison, and afterwards banished. The head of the Bishop of Tabraca was affixed to a gibbet, with the inscription-" Apostle of the Christian Religion, and Bishop of Europe."-The same words were seen on the box, which was adorned with a figure of the Bishop, and contained his head, and which was paraded for some days in all the places where the Christians lived who had been converted by him. His blood was preserved by the Christians, and distributed among the inhabitants of various towns and villages. The body, after lying three days on the scaffold, watched by Christians, was interred with pious devotion.

Another missionary, Augustine Fohar, aged 73, was beaten so unmercifully, that he died in a few days. The Judge who condemned him, admonished him to consider his great age, and the punishment which would follow upon his refusing to renounce Christianity: and when he was undergoing the punishment the Judge said, "Now your God has deserted you."

Oh, no," said Augustine, "He has given me strength to endure all this, and much more!" The Judge, mad with rage, then ordered him to be struck on the face, which killed him.

COUNTRY NEWS.

July 15. A School on the national plan was opened at Dewsbury, co. York; and between two and three hundred scholars were admitted the first day. The Church Sunday-school room is appropriated to the use of this Institution.

Aug. 21. At a meeting held at Gloucester, the Bishop of Gloucester in the chair, it was resolved that a Society be established under the denomination of The Gloucester Diocesan Society for the Education of the Poor in the Principles of the Established Church; that, in the furtherance of this object, a daily School be established for boys, and another for girls at Gloucester, as the Central School of the Society; and that the mode of teaching be that which is adopted by the National Society in London.

Aug. 21. This morning, as the True Briton coach (containing 14 outside passengers, including the guard and coachman, and six persons within, together with luggage) was descending the hill near Market Weighton, it was overturned, owing to the weight on the top, and the speed with which it was going. One of the inside passengers had his shoulder dislocated. The outside passengers were more seriously injured: one had his thigh broken, another his leg so much fractured, as to render immediate amputation neces

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sary; a third also had his foot so much lacerated, as to cause some doubt whether amputation will not be necessary. York

Herald. On the 14th, as the coach which runs between Manchester and Shrewsbury, via Nantwich, was passing through the latter town, owing to the carelessness of a very inexperienced driver, it was upset on turning a corner, and a fine boy was killed another passenger had his ancle dislocated, and one of the small bones of his leg broken.-The frequent instances of accidents from overloaded and carelessly driven coaches call loudly for some effectual Parliamentary regulations.

Aug. 23. This evening, the extensive corn-mill occupied by Messrs. Beard and Co. at Stockport, consisting of six stories, was destroyed by fire. The damage is estimated at 20007.

Sept. 13. As a party of fourteen persons were returning in a boat from Wouldham to Chatham, it was upset in passing through Rochester Bridge, and all of them perished. This distressing accident was occasioned by a piece of timber placed across the lock they intended to pass, which is under repair :—a notice had been put on the bridge; but no means had been adopted to warn those who might approach by night. The sufferers were: Mr. Gilbert, who had on that day completed his 21st year; his sisters Miss G. and Mrs. Mills, together with the husband and infant child of the latter; and Miss Mawson, daughter of Mr. M. attorney, all of Chatham; Miss Brock and Miss Harding of Rochester; an infant child of Mrs. Alanson, of Sheerness, and the nursemaid; three young ladies at school with Mrs. Mills; Thomas Layar, waterman, (who has left a wife and 5 children) and his apprentice boy.

Sept. 17. The Triennial Meeting of the Three Choirs commenced at Hereford, and was upon the whole extremely well attended. The sermon was preached by the Bishop of the Diocese, from Exodus xxix. 9.; and was admirably calculated to promote the interests of the Charity, as a forcible appeal to the feelings of a crowded congregation. The collection at the door was 1951. 3s. On the following morning the contributions amounted to 208.; and on the next day, the sum collected was 178/. 12s. With other aid from benevolent individuals, the whole of the collections amounted to 6601.

Oct. 31. The magnificent Iron Bridge at Sunderland is this day disposed of by lottery; consisting of 6000 tickets, and 150 prizes of the value of from 100. to 5000.-to the total amount of 30,0001.

In consequence of an important decision at the last Devonshire assizes, by which the Withycombe or forest quarter of Dartmoor was proved to be not a dis

tinct Parish, but a Tithing within the parish of Lidford; the Bishop of the diocese means to have introduced, early next session, a Bill for legalizing all acts which have taken place from time immemorial at Withycombe Church; it being now ascertained to be a Chapel of Ease to Lidford, as the Mother Church,

The Marquis of Stafford, from the praise-worthy motive of giving employment to the industrious poor, has commenced draining and subdividing an extensive tract of moor land, at Lilleshall, co. Salop.

A new road from Coalbrook dale to Wellington is about to be undertaken, with the design of giving work to the "poor men who are thrown out of employment by the stoppage of the coal and iron works."Among the characters who have thus set the example in the county of Salop, C. W. Forester, esq. M. P. for Wenlock, is conspicuous by his subscription of 10007.

A contributor to the columns of The Shrewsbury Chronicle recommends the lighting of the great public roads with gas, which (independent of great personal convenience and accommodation to travellers) would require tens of thousands of tons of iron, and give employment to thousands of men whose labour would be required in the various departments connected with it. The means for the repayment of the expenditure might be, by an addition of tolt on the turnpike gates, assisted by general and local subscriptions, in conjunction with parochial aid, and of those towns and villages through which the roads may pass.

A writer in the Bristol Journal suggests, as a plan for affording employment to some of the numerous poor who are in want of work, to make a grand Inland Navigation, to connect the Irish sea through the Bristol Channel with the English Channel by a canal, for vessels of considerable burthen, and thus open an easy communication between the United Kingdom; also between the whole of North and South Wales, the counties of Monmouth, Hereford, and the River Severn with London and the intermediate parts; also with the Eastern parts of the kingdom, and Westward to Plymouth, and parts adjacent. The line proposed for it is from the celebrated bay in the Bristol Channel, called the Bay of Bridgewater, entering a little to the Westward of the Steep Holms, and passing close to Bridgewater, Chard, and Axminster, into the English Channel near Lyme Regis and Bridport.

At the late Assizes for Cambridgeshire, the Rev. J. Vachell brought an action against the Hundred of Ely, for damages sustained by him from the late riots at Littleport. The Jury gave a verdict for the Plaintiff, with 7087. 9s. damages.

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