6b-g b Period. Use a period at the end of the heading (author or subject), title, imprint, collation and notes, unless some other punctuation is specially called for; also after an abbreviation but not after a contraction (namely, a shortened form ending with the last letter of the word, e. g. Mr, Mrs, Dr etc.) c Brackets. Use very small brackets, as [ 1, to indicate information supplied in the heading, title, imprint or collation, except that in the heading they are not used for general titles (e. g. Mrs, baron etc.) nor for distinguishing phrases (e. g. dates of birth and death or descriptive terms, including titles of nobility • when not the entry word) nor for changes in the form of name (e. g. William on the title-page, Wilhelm in the heading used) nor for corporate headings, anonymous classics and sacred books. Brackets used on the title-page are not to be followed on cards, as brackets on cards indicate matter supplied. For brackets on the title-page parentheses are generally the best substitute. d Quotation marks. Use quotation marks when given on the title-page. e Marks of omission. Use ... to indicate omissions from the title. For exceptions see section 15f below. The ... take the place of a period, comma, colon or semicolon which would otherwise be used. 66 f Alternative title. In the case of an alternative title use a semicolon after the first title, and a comma after or" (or its equivalent) before the following title; e. g. Twelfth night; or, What you will. Exception: In the case of two works published in the same volume with a common title-page, on which one or both titles have alternative titles, use a comma before or" and a semicolon between the two complete titles; e. g. Twelfth night, or What you will; All's well that ends well. Similarly in other places it is sometimes desirable to modify the regular rule to meet unusual conditions. g Subtitle. In the case of a subtitle (for definition see A. L. A. rules, pref. p. 16) a colon should generally be used to separate from the main title; e. g. Talks on economics: a series of lectures delivered in Boston 1898-1899. A subtitle (which really stands in apposition with the main title in its character as a title) should be carefully distinguished from a word or phrase in apposition with a name or other term in its individual significance, which takes the regular comma punctuation; e. g. in The Master of Ballantrae: a winter's tale, we have as the second phrase a subtitle, explaining The Master of Ballantrae as the title of the book; in Lamarck, the founder of evolution we have an appositive phrase characterizing Lamarck as an individual. 6h-7 h Statement of edition etc. A statement regarding the edition or translation, etc. is generally best separated from what precedes by a semicolon, even though the use of brackets results in double punctuation. i Imprint. In the imprint, except in those cases where it would result in double punctuation, use a comma between the name of the place and the publisher, between the publisher and the date and between the imprint date and the copyright date. j Double punctuation. In general avoid double punctuation but use when necessary for clearness; e. g. the period ending an abbreviation may sometimes be followed by a comma when the abbreviation occurs in a series of items. The period ending an abbreviation would also be used in combination with a question mark, an exclamation point, curves, brackets or quotation marks, and in connection with the last of these, the period would be used at the end of a group. The comma should be used in inverted headings to show the inversion, even if followed or preceded by brackets; e. g. Shakspere, William] or [Craik), Mrs Dinah Maria. (Mulock). When a name ends with a bracket or curve and is followed by some title or explanatory term etc. the bracket or curve is sufficient without the comma; e. g. Russell, William) Henry ed. or Brassey, Annie (Allnutt) baroness. Brackets or curves used in a heading before a subhead should be followed by a period; e. g. New York (state). Governor; also a bracket or curve ending an author's name in an analytic reference. 7 Extension cards. When an entry is too long to be written on a single card, additional cards are to be used and numbered 2, 3, etc. at the top edge in the center of the card. Continue the entry on the top line of the additional card, indenting as though continuing on the previous card. On each additional card give in the regular place the call number of the previous card. If there is more than one call number, as in the case of added editions, give on the additional card the call number of the special entry that is carried over. Near the right edge of the card from which the entry is carried over, stamp on the next to the bottom line: See next card. Tie all cards of the entry together. On the back of each additional card in the lower left corner when it is tipped forward as for tracing (see section 27 below), give briefly sufficient of the beginning of the entry to be able to restore the card readily if it becomes untied and misplaced. The 7-11 tracing for added entries, the accession number and the signature are to be given on the first card, not on the additional cards. It is better to write even on the last line of the card if by so doing the use of an additional card may be avoided. 8 Revision. # means more space." means "draw together." [ or ] means “move over toward the open face of the bracket." It is neither expected nor advised that corrected cards be copied. 9 Arrangement of cards. Hand in all cards for each book together, with the author card on top. Except when otherwise directed arrange the sets of cards in the filing tray, alphabetically by the initial of the author's name. 10 Amount of work required. No definite number of books is required but it is expected that each student will spend four hours on the assigned work. II Volumes tied together. If volumes are tied together they should be returned to the classwork shelves in the same condition, as it is important for each one who catalogs the set to have all the volumes. 12-14a AUTHOR ENTRIES As the author is naturally thought of as the starting point of the book, so the author entry or author card is regularly the starting point in the cataloging and is regarded in most cases as the main entry. 12 Purpose. This card is arranged (or filed) in the catalog, alphabetically by the author's name, for the use of the reader who is looking up the work from that standpoint. 13 Form. The regular form of author entry consists of author heading, book title, imprint, collation and call number. For definitions see A. L. A. rules, pref. p. 13-16, noting specially: Alternative title, Author entry, Collation, Date, Entry, Heading, Illustrations. Imprint, Main entry, Plate, Printer, Subtitle, Title, Title-page, Volume. Sample of author card (This and following samples are reduced from cards 7.5x12.5 cm. The change in size has made it difficult to represent exactly such details as indention and spacing. In case of variation from the directions given the latter should be followed.) 821 M824 Moore, Thomas. Complete poetical works with explan atory notes and biographical introduction; (stand- Soop.port.20cm. О 14 Author heading. a Form. For choice of heading for different classes of writers specific directions are given in the A. L. A. rules, but for a large proportion of books the author heading consists of the author's surname, followed by his given names. The usual form of entry for a married woman is her husband's surname, the term Mrs, her own given names, and in curves her maiden name; as, Ward, Mrs Elizabeth Stuart (Phelps). For scholarly bibliographic work it is customary to use, with occasional exceptions, the most complete and exact form of name which can be found. 14a-e For libraries which lack the reference material or the time to furnish such information an acceptable practice is to use the best known form or the fullest form familiar or easily available, a policy which is not only economy for the cataloger, but a convenience to many of the readers, by whom the shorter form of name is more easily recognized, but whatever the general policy it is important that the same form should be used for all works of the same author. b Titles of honor, etc. For the use of titles of honor, distinguish ing designations, etc. see A. L. A. rules, 35–37. The following list indicates titles used in the school work and shows whether prefixed or affixed, also those which begin with capitals. Titles affixed are separated from the name by a centimeter space. For the use and position of the titles "Lady" and "Lord" see Cutter, 214 and 216. When used as affixes they are not to be capitalized. Roman numerals are to be used after names of rulers and popes in headings. c Form for class work. For class work use the form on the stenciled list of books to be cataloged, including such professional titles and titles of honor as are there given (M.A. Ph.D. etc. never being used). A title following the author's name should be separated from it by a comma (unless the name ends in an abbreviation, calling for a period, or unless it ends with a bracket or curve) and by one centimeter space in handwriting or by four typewriter spaces. Brackets are to be used around such parts of the actual name as do not appear on the title-page, but not around the titles listed above, under 14b. (See also section 6c.) d Incomplete names. If only initials for the given names are furnished on the list of books, sufficient space should be left between the initials, on the catalog cards, to allow for a name of average length, as in the actual work in a library names are often found later and filled in. e Position. Write the author's name on the top catalog card, beginning at the outer vertical line. line of the If the name |