one of whom had been a priest, and the other a monk, who taught in the bishoprics of Arles, Ambrun, Die, and Gap, whence being expelled, they were received at Thoulouse.'

There was, also, a certain man called Bartholomew, born at Carcassone, who founded and governed the Churches in Bulgaria, Croatia, Dalmatia, Hungary, and ordained ministers, as Matthew Paris relates it, styling him their pope and bishop; and alleged to that purpose the letter of the bishop of Porto, legate of the pope in those parts, who wrote to the Archbishop of Rouen, and his suffragans, to desire assistance against them, until at length they were constrained to flee into the deserts, according to the prophecy of the Revelation; which says, That the woman who brought forth the male-child, and is the true Church of God, should be persecuted by the Dragon, who would cast water out of his mouth after her like a flood, to swallow her up; so that she should be compelled to flee into the wilderness, according to the prophecy in the Revelations, saying, that the woman girded with scarlet, who brought forth the male-child, and is the true Church of God, "should be persecuted by the Dragon, who would cast water like a flood after her to swallow her up, so that she should be constrained to flee into the wilderness, where she should be fed for the space of a thousand two hundred and threescore days."-Rev. xii. 12—17. Reinerius tells us of two eminent bishops of the Waldenses, Belazinanza, of Verona, and John de Luggio, who taught amongst them after the above-mentioned persons, about the year 1250.

Arnold Hot was a pastor among the Waldenses, who held the famous dispute at Mont Real.

Lollard, also, was in great esteem amongst them, not only on account of the commentary that he wrote upon the Revelations, but, also, because he conveyed and made known their doctrine in England, from whom the British Waldenses were called Lollards.

The Waldenses of the valleys of Angrogne, Dauphiny, Provence, and Calabria, had Barbs, whose memory they have preserved for more than three hundred years past.2

1. PIEDMONT.-Paul Gignons de Bobi.-Peter the Less.-Anthony of Suza.

2. ST. MARTIN.-John Martin.-Matthew de Bobi.-Philip of Lucerne. -George of Piedmont.-Stephen Laurence.-John of Lucerne.-John Girard de Meane.-Bartholomew Tertian de Meane, surnamed De la Grosse Main.

3. ANGROGNE.-Thomasin Bastie, who died in the service of the churches of la Pouille.-Sebastian Bastie, who died in Calabria.-John Bellonat, of the same valley, the first of the barbs who entered upon the conjugal state.

4. PEROUSE.-James Germain.-Benedict Gorran.-Paul Gignons de Bobi.-John Romagnol of Sesene.

5. DAUPHINY.-Francis of Fraissiniere.Brianconnois.-Peter Flot of Pragela.

-Michael Porte of Loyse in

6. PROVENCE.-Angelin de la Čoste.-Daniel de Valentia, and John de Molines; which two were sent into Bohemia for the service of the Churches of the Waldenses set up in that kingdom; but they betrayed the Churches, and did them a great deal of mischief, for they discovered all that they knew of their flocks to the enemies of the said Waldenses, which was the

1 Aldegonde, First Table of Differences, pp. 150, 151.

2 Vignaux, Memoirs, folio 14.

occasion of a great persecution. That made the Bohemian Churches write to those of the Waldenses in the Alps, to nominate none to such vocations, but those whose faith, probity and zeal, had been known by long experience.

7. The last barbs that they had, were George Morel and Peter Mascon, who, in the year 1530, were sent into Germany to confer concerning their religion, with Ecolampadius, Bucer, and others. Peter Mascon was taken prisoner at Dijon.

Stephen Negrin and Lewis Paschal were sent into Calabria in the year 1560, to the churches of the Waldenses at Montald, St. Xist, and other neighbouring places. Stephen Negrin was taken prisoner, and carried to Consence, where he was starved in prison.

Lewis Paschal was sent to Rome, where he was burnt alive, in the presence of Pope Pius IV. and his cardinals, whom he summoned to appear before the throne of the Lamb, to give an account of their cruel

ties.

There were very many others, as appears by the processes commenced against the Waldenses of Dauphiny, which have come to our hands, wherein mention is made of several barbs or pastors, who were imprisoned and put to death by the monks of the Inquisition, who caused them to be watched, even upon the high Alps, when they were going from one flock to the other.3 But this small number is sufficient to show that, notwithstanding their enemies did all they could utterly to destroy and root them out, yet the Lord hath not ceased to provide labourers for his harvest, when there was need of them, and to preserve even to this day, in Dauphiny and Provence, thousands of persons, who glory in being descended from the ancient Waldenses; and who were rather inheritors of their zeal and piety, than of their earthly substance, which the persecutors possessed, as the pope doth to this day, who hath added to his pretended Apostolic Chamber, all the inheritance of the Waldenses, who had any substance in his country of Vinicin. Under the colour of heresy, if he could, he would take away their very lives, so far is he from thinking to restore that which he hath in vain been importuned to do, and which his officers have promised to restore with more vanity and falsehood than true meaning.

CHAPTER X.

The Pastors of the Waldenses; their vocation, and the zeal and fidelity with which they fulfilled their charge.

THAT the character of the Waldensian Barbs or Pastors may accurately be known, we insert the following testimony concerning them :

The monk Reinerius reported many things concerning the vocation of the pastors of the Waldenses, which are mere fictions; as that they had a greater bishop and two followers, whom he called the Elder Son and the

3 This appears by the bag of processes which was found in the cabinet of D'Avencon, Archbishop of Ambrun, at the capture of Ambrun, in the last croisade against the Waldenses of Fraissiniere and L'Argentiere.

younger, and a deacon; that he laid his hands upon others with a sovereign authority, and sent them where he thought good, like a pope.' Against these impostures, here follows what is found in their writings, concerning the vocation of their pastors.2

All those, say they, who are to be received as pastors among us, while they are yet with their parents, entreat us to receive them into the ministry; and that we would be pleased to pray to God, that they may be rendered capable of so great a charge. Which the said supplicants do only to show their humility.

They are to learn by heart, all the chapters of Matthew and John, and all the epistles called canonical, a good part of the writings of Solomon, David and the Prophets.

Afterwards, having good testimonies of their learning and conversation, they are received with the imposition of hands into the function of preaching.

The last that are received, must do nothing without the license of their seniors; as also those that are first are to undertake nothing without the approbation of their companions, that everything may be done among us with order.

The pastors meet together once every year, to determine of our affairs in a general council.

Our food and apparel are willingly administered unto us, and as it were by way of alms, sufficient enough, by those whom we teach.

The money which is given us by the people, is carried to the aforesaid general council, and is delivered in the presence of all. It is there received by the ancients, and part thereof is given to travellers or wayfaring men, according to their necessities, and part unto the poor.

When any of the pastors fall into sin, he is cast out of our community, and forbidden the function of preaching.

Thus you see how the Barbs or Pastors of the Waldenses were chosen and maintained in their functions.

CHAPTER XI.

Epistle of Pastor Bartholomew Tertian, to the Waldensian Churches of Pragela.

THAT the holy zeal and affection may be known, with which the Barbs or Pastors of the Waldenses endeavoured to call the people to repentance, and to instruct them in the faith, we insert a pastoral letter of one of their ministers.

Jesus be with you.

To all our faithful and well-beloved Brethren, health and salvation be with you all. Amen.

"These are to advertise your brotherhood, and hereby acquit myself of the duty which I owe to you on God's part, principally touching the care of the salvation of your souls, according to that light of truth which the

1 Reinerius, de formâ Heretic., Folio 8.

2 Book of the Pastors, George Morel and Peter Mascon, p. 8.

Most High hath bestowed upon you, that it would please every one of you, to maintain, increase, and cherish, to the utmost of your power, without diminution, those good beginnings and customs left unto us by our ancestors, of which we were not worthy. For it would be of little profit to us to be renewed by the fatherly kindness, and the light which God hath given us, if we addict ourselves to mundane, diabolical, and carnal conversation, abandoning the principal which is God, and the salvation of our souls, for this short temporal life. The Lord saith in the Gospel, What doth it profit a man to gain the whole world, and to lose his own soul? For it would have been better never to have known the way of righteousness, than having known it, to act contrary thereto. We shall be inexcusable, and our condemnation the greater; for there are greater torments prepared for those who have had the greatest knowledge. Wherefore let me beseech you, by the love of God, not to diminish, but to increase the love, fear and obedience due to God, and to yourselves among yourselves; and to keep all the good customs which you have heard and understood from God by our means; and that you would remove from among you all defects and wants troubling your peace, love and concord; and everything which deprives you of the service of God, your salvation, and the administration of the truth; if you desire God to be propitious to you in your temporal and spiritual good things. For you can do nothing without him; and if you desire to be heirs of his glory, do that which he commandeth you. If you will enter into life, keep my commandments. Likewise be careful that there be not nourished among you any sports, gluttony, whoredom, dancing, or other debaucheries, nor questions, nor deceits, nor usury, nor discords. Neither support nor entertain among you any persons of a wicked life, nor those who give a scandal or ill example amongst you; but let charity and fidelity reign amongst you, and every good example; doing to one another as every one would have done to himself. For otherwise it is not possible for any one to be saved, or have the favour either of God or men in this world, nor glory in the other. And it is necessary that the guides chiefly have a hand in this, and such who rule and govern: for when the head is sick, all the members are disordered thereby. Therefore if you hope and desire to enjoy eternal life, to live in esteem and good repute, and to prosper in this world in your temporal and spiritual good things, cleanse yourselves from all disorderly ways, that God may be always with you, who never forsakes those that put their trust in him. But know this for certain, that he doth neither hear nor dwell with sinners, nor in the soul that is addicted to wickedness, nor with the man who is subject to sin. Therefore let every one purify the ways of his heart, and fly from danger, if he will not perish therein. Put in practice these things; and the God of peace be with you. Accompany us in our true, devout and humble prayers, that he would be pleased to save all those his faithful, who put their trust in Christ Jesus. Amen.

BARTHOLOMEW TERTIAN, Ready to serve you in all things possible, according to the will of God."

This epistle of the pastor Tertian gives us a proof of the holy zeal that they had to lead the people to God.

CHAPTER XII.

Confessions of the Faith of the Waldenses.

THE Confessions of faith of the Waldenses show clearly how pure their doctrines have been, and how far they have kept themselves from the errors and heresies which were imputed to them; and therefore, that they were unjustly persecuted.'

1. We believe and do firmly hold all that which is contained in the twelve articles of the Symbol, called the Apostles' Creed; and account for heresies all that which is disagreeable to the said twelve articles. 2. We believe that there is one God, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. 3. We acknowledge for Holy Canonical Scripture, the books of the Bible

Genesis. Exodus.-Leviticus.-Numbers.-Deuteronomy.-JoshuaJudges.-Ruth.-I. Samuel.-II. Samuel.-I. of Kings.-II. of Kings.— I. of Chronicles.-II. of Chronicles.—Ezra.-Nehemiah.-Esther.-Job. -Book of Psalms.-Proverbs of Solomon.-Ecclesiastes.-Song of Solomon.-Prophecy of Isaiah.-Jeremiah.-Lamentations of Jeremiah.Ezekiel Daniel.-Hosea.-Joel.-Amos.-Obadiah.-Jonas.-Micah

Nahum.-Zephaniah.—Habakkuk.—Haggai.-Zechariah.—Malachi. After which follow the Apocryphal books, which are not received by the Hebrews; but we read them as Jerom saith in his prologue to the Proverbs, for the instruction of the people, not to confirm the authority of ecclesiastical doctrines

Third Book of Esdras.-Fourth of Esdras.-Tobit.-Judith.-Wisdom. -Ecclesiasticus.-Baruch, with the epistle of Jeremiah.-Esther, from chapter X. to the end.-Song of the three children.-History of Susanr.8. -History of the Dragon. First of Machabees.-Second of Machabees -Third of Machabees.

After these follow the books of the New Testament—

The Gospels of Matthew,-Mark,-Luke,-and John.-Acts of the Apostles.-Epistle of Paul to the Romans.-First epistle to the Corinthians. -Second epistle to the Corinthians.-Epistle to the Galatians.-Epistle to the Ephesians.-Epistle to the Philippians.-Epistle to the Colossians. -First epistle to the Thessalonians.-Second epistle to the Thessalonians. -First epistle to Timothy.-Second epistle to Timothy -Epistle to Titus.-Epistle to Philemon.-Epistle to the Hebrews.-Epistle of James. -First epistle of Peter.-Second epistle of Peter.-First epistle of John. -Second epistle of John.-Third epistle of John.-Epistle of Jude.Revelation of John.

4. The books above-mentioned teach us-That there is one God Almighty, wise and good, who in his goodness made all things. For he created Adam after his own image and likeness. But through the malice of the devil, and the disobedience of Adam, sin entered into the world, and we became sinners in Adam, and by Adam.

1 This confession is extracted from the work entitled, "The Spiritual Almanac," and also from the "Memorials" of George Morel.—It is found also in both the original Waldensian and in the French languages, in the "Histoire des Vaudois," by Brez ; volume ii., p. 281,