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vagiente Exod. II, 6, quam de viro lacrimas fundente Gen. XLIII, 31. 2 Sam. XIX, 2, saepissime de populo in publicis calamitatibus lamentante Num. XI, 10. XXV, 6. 2 Sam. XV, 23. Jes. XXX, 19, spec. de poenitentibus, supplicantibus et publico luctu Esr. X, 1. Zach. VII, 3 (coll. 5). ludd. XX, 26. Constr. c. acc. et valet deflevit, luxit aliquem, maxime mortuum. Gen. XXIII, 2. XXXVII, 35. L, 3. Lev. X, 6. Deut. XXI, 13, it. sequ. personae vel rei, quam deploramus, lugemus Thren. I, 16. Iudd.

-deplorado aetatem meam vir אֶבְכָּה עַל־בְּתוּלֹתַי : 37,XI

gineam sc. tam mature devovendam ; sequ. b 2 Sam. I, 24. Ezech. XXVII. 31 et Jer. XXII, 10. Iob. XXX, 25.

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sequ. praeterea valet: lamentatus est adversus aliquem, lamentando adiit eum Num. XI, 13. Iudd. XIV, 16; et flevit super aliquo i. e. in amplexu eius, lacrimis eum rigans. Gen. XLV, 15: osculatus est fratres suos et lacrimis eos rigavit. L, 1.

Pi. deflevit, luxit mortuum Jer. XXXI, 15. Ezech. VIII, 14.

בְּכָה

בְּכי

m. fletus Esr. X, 1.

in Pausa, c. Suff. m. 1) id. (Syr. La) Gen. XLV, 2. Jes. XV, 3. XXII, 4 cet. Spec. de luctu Deut. XXXIV, 8. eiulatum magnum edidit 2 Sam. XIII, 36. Jes. XXXVIII, 3.

fletus acerbissimus Jer. XXXI, 15. 2) stillatio, lacrimatio aquae in metallifodinis Iob. XXVIII, 11. Ita flere pro rorare, stillare ap. Lucret. 1, 350, dánovov lacrima de guttis, quae ex plantis emanant (cf. 27 ).

بكي
بير

Cf. et puteus flens i. e. rorans, tenui aqua
spa
praeditus (Schult. ad h. 1.).

(flentes) n. pr. loci prope Gilgal. Iudd. II, 1. 5.

f. fletus, luctus. Gen. XXXV, 8: quercus luctus. Cod. Sam. A, cf. L, 4. ♫ f. id. Gen. L, 4.

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3. The Prophet Isaiah, translated by W. Gesenius, Ed. 2. Leips. 1829. This is a new edition of the translation alone, without the commentary; the sale of the former having been more rapid than that of the latter. The version every where bears marks of the file; and the author has bestowed particular attention upon the rendering of the particles, and of the frequent instances of Paronomasia. A few notes are appended at the end, explaining the reasons of some changes in this edition.

4. A Translation of the Psalms, with a Commentary, by W. M. L. De Wette, Ed. 3. Heidelb. 1829. De Wette may be justly regarded as possessing more taste, than any of the German scholars of the day; and his version of the Psalms stands preeminent above all others. The commentary is brief, but valuable for its taste and philology. The third edition has every where received the improvements, which suggested themselves to the author's mind in the progress of his studies.

5. Rosenmuelleri Scholia in Vetus Testamentum, Pars IX. Scripta Salomonis complectens. Vol. I. Proverbia. Leips. 1829. The commentary on the book of Proverbs is at length published, and is to be followed by the books of Ecclesiastes and Canticles. This part is of the same general character as the preceding parts. When Part IX. shall have been completed, the commentaries of this author will cover the whole of the Old Testament, excepting the historical books which follow the Pentateuch, and the book of Daniel.

It is already perhaps generally known, that a young scholar, under the supervision of Rosenmüller himself, is making a Compendium of his multitudinous volumes. Thus the Scholia on the Pentateuch, which fill three volumes, are here reduced to one; which is all that is yet published. This compendium will of course be much better adapted to American students than the original; since it contains all the results, without the discussions and interminable prolixity of the larger work.

II. Literature of the New Testament.

1. Novum Testamentum Graece. Textum ad fidem testium criticorum recensuit, lectionum familias subjecit, e Graecis codicibus manuscriptis, qui in Europae et Asiae bibliothecis reperiuntur fere omnibus, e versionibus antiquis, conciliis, sanctis Patribus et Scriptoribus ecclesiasticis quibuscunque vel primo vel iterum collatis copias criticas addidit, atque conditionem horum

testium criticorum historiamque textus Novi Testamenti in prolegomenis fusius exposuit, praeterea Synaxaria codicum KM 262, 274 typis exscribenda curavit Dr J. Mart. Augustinus Scholz. Vol. I. IV Evangelia complectens.

The whole of this long title is here given, because it exhibits the whole of Dr Scholz's plan in regard to his edition of the New Testament. The work is finely printed in quarto, on good paper; and the first volume contains 172 pages of Prolegomena, and 496 pages of text. Dr S. has now been twelve years occupied with this great work. His first object was to obtain materials; and for this purpose he visited in person the libraries of Paris, Vienna, Munich, Landshut, Berlin, Trèves, London, Geneva, Turin, Florence, Venice, Parma, Rome, Naples, of the Greek monasteries at Jerusalem, of St. Saba, and the isle of Patmos; and collated, either wholly or in great part, all the manuscripts of the New Testament which are to be found in all those libraries, in Greek, Latin, Arabic, etc. comparing them with the text of Griesbach. He professes also to have gone through most of the ancient versions anew, and to have subjected to a new examination all the passages quoted in the fathers and in the acts of councils. Besides these he has also employed the collations, made public by others, of manuscripts in the libraries of England, Ireland, the Escurial, Copenhagen, Franckfort, Dresden, Leipsic, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Hungary, etc.

The Prolegomena contain a history of the text, and a description and critical estimation of all the various sources of authority. The text is accompanied, in the inner margin, by the families of readings, as he calls them, that is, the general readings found in the three great families or classes of manuscripts, the Constantinopolitan, Alexandrine, and Occidental or the Textus receptus. The outer margin gives the more detailed specifications.

Such is the general plan of this immense work, which, it is easy to see, transcends the powers of any one man, let him be even Griesbach himself, and live to twice the number of his years. It is also obvious that the collations mentioned above, must have been exceedingly rapid and cursory; and probably no future critics will be disposed to place much reliance upon them. Indeed, it was the general impression of the protestant critics in Germany, such as Neander and Wegscheider, and all those who lie between these two extremes, that little solid advance in bib

lical criticism was to be expected from this work. Since the publication of it, however, no notice of it has reached us from that land of critics.

2. Novum Testamentum Graece, recognovit G. C. Knapp. Editio IV. Halae 1829. This new edition of Knapp's Greek Testament is probably more correct than the third; as it was revised with very great care, by the same scholar who corrected the sheets of the new edition of Griesbach. The additions at the end are also arranged in a more convenient form.

3. Commentaries on the New Testament. The commentary of Kuinoel remains still the best on the historical books; although even Wegscheider reproaches him for his indecision and hesitancy between orthodoxy and rationalism. The work contains a treasure of philological and historical illustration.— Fritzsche of Rostock has publishad a second volume, comprising the Gospel of Mark. He has adopted the grammatical method, which he urges to an extreme.-A commentary on the whole of the New Testament is in progress by Olshausen of Königsberg, who is mentioned by Professor Hahn on p. 132 of this work. The friends of religion in Germany are looking forward to it with interest.-A commentary on the Epistles and Apocalypse, intended as a continuation of Kuinoel, is announced by Schott of Jena and Winzer of Leipsic, but no portion of it has yet appeared. A selection of commentaries on particular books, is more easy. Kuinoel is about to publish on Corinthians. Mr Tauchnitz informed the writer that he was to print the work, and expected the manuscript shortly. This was in April last. Heydenreich, an evangelical man, has also published on these, and on the pastoral Epistles. The latter work, especially, is highly spoken of in Prof. Tholuck's Journal. Winer on Galatians is popular and valuable for its philology. From evangelical men we have the commentary of Lücke on the writings of John, the two last volumes of which are in a different and better style and spirit than the first; Tholuck on the Gospel of John and the Epistle to the Romans, the last of which was described to the writer by De Wette as the best extant, while the former is more adapted to the wants of younger students; Rheinwald on Philippians, with a preface by Neander; and Pelt on Thessalonians; not to mention the various works of Flatt, which have been published from his manuscripts, and which are judicious rather than profound. Boehmer of Greifswalde has also recently published an Introduction

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to the Epistle to the Colossians; as also Bleek of Bonn an Introduction to the Epistle to the Hebrews, which is to be followed by a Commentary. On this epistle, however, we do not need to look to foreign lands. The Epistle of James has found a commentator in Gebser of Königsberg, whose present work is to be followed by a general Introduction.

4. Hermeneutics of the writers of the New Testament. "Hermeneutik der neutestamentlichen Schriftsteller, von Dr. J. C. C. Döpke, 1r Th. Leipz. 1829." Such is the title of a work, in which the author's object is to investigate and present the external form of the quotations from the Old Testament, as well as the mode of applying and interpreting these quotations, in the writings of the New Testament. The present part treats of the point of view from which Christ and the apostles have considered the Old Testament; of the usual formulae of quotation both in the New Testament and in Jewish writers; of the Jewish mode of interpretation, the nature, origin, and application of allegorical interpretation; and at last, of the character of the Old Testament quotations in the particular books of the New Testament. The second part is intended to treat of the mode of interpretation adopted by the writers of the New Testament, so far as it regards the Messiah, types, and the practical application of religious truth. The work is distinguished by learning and talent.

III. Systematic Theology.

1. System of Christian Faith according to the principles of the Evangelical Church. "Der christliche Glauben nach den Grundsätzen der evanglischen Kirche, von F. Schleiermacher, Berl. 1830." The first edition of this work had been long out of print, when the piratical press at Reutlingen in Würtemberg sent out a reprint, and thus in a manner compelled the author to set about a new edition. In the Theologische Studien for 1829 are two long letters from him, explanatory of his views in regard to the undertaking. The work itself, in the new edition, has not yet been received in this country.

2. System of Christian Faith. "Lehrbuch des christlichen Glaubens, von A. Hahn, Leipz. 1828." This is a plain and simple statement of the general system of doctrines of the evangelical church, with the grounds of them. It is particularly valuable from the fact, that it gives under each topic a full view

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