strength, and insisted upon paying nd taxes at* all*.

In the meanwhile the Viceroy held a consultation with the Archbishop Filomarini, on the state of affairs; in which it was resolved, in order to appease the tumult, to grant all the people's demands, hoping thereby to gain time; and that, when the tranquillity should be restored, the faction would dissolve of itself, and every thing return to2 its former order. This pusillanimous conduct increased the insolence of the mob, who nowi saw the phanton, which they called Liberty, almost within reach, and would listen to no termsk. The hatred which they nourished against government, turned its dreadful tide against the nobles; they set fire to their houses, murdered some noblemen, and threatened to exterminate the whole".

Massaniello, amidst this confusion, covered with rags, but having under his orders more than one* hundred and fifty thousand men, appeared mounted on a trestle; his sword was like a sceptre in his hands, and his power was absolute. As the chief of the seditious, he suggested every measure, and ruled over the destinies of the nation: his mere noď often was a sentence of death, and a looks the sign of plunder and devastation. The Viceroy forgot himself so fart as to heap on him the greatest' honours; the sudden transition from wretchedness to the height of" power, overpowered this wretch; his pride grew so excessive, that he became insupc sa force; à ne payer aucune ;-e d'accorder ;—f par là gagner du temps; rentrer dans;-h l'ordre accoutumé ;i alors ;-k et ne vouloir écouter aucun terme d'accommodement; cours;m on assassiner quelques gentils-hommes; de les exterminer tous ;- couvert de ;-P haillons ;-9 il régir les destinées; un seul signe de sa tête ;- coup d'œil ;-t jusqu au point; de le combler d'honneurs ;-u au plus haut degré de; augmenter tellement ;

portable even to his party; and, on the 16th of July, when he was murdered in the church Del Carmen, the populace, far from avenging his death, seemed to rejoices.

Thus ended2 Massaniello's career; and*, soon after his death, his followers resumed the yoke of Spain. What else is to be expected from revolutions led by men of degraded character?

y sembler s'en réjouir;- C'est ainsi que finir;-a reprendre ; que peut-on espérer ;-c dirigées.

PETER THE GREAT, EMPEROR OF RUSSIAo.

PETER the Great was tall and well proportioned; had noble features, sprightlyf eyes, a strong con stitutions, was fit for every exercise, and every labourk. His judgment was accurate", which" is the basis of all true talent; to this judgment was joined a certain restlessness of dispositions, which led him to undertake every thing. His education was far from being worthy of his genius; it had been the interest of the Princess Sophia to keep him" in ignorance. The generation which followed that of the partizans of the ancient barbarous manners, looked upon him as a fathery. When Europe saw that the establishments he had founded were durable, all Europe admired him; and it was acknowledged that he had been inspired more by an extraordinary wisdom, than a wish to do extraordinary things; that he loved glory as a means of

h

d RUSSIE ;- e il avoir les traits nobles;-f animés ;-8 un tempérament robuste ;- propre à; exercices;-k travaux ;esprit ;-m juste; ce qui ;-o fonds ;-P talens ;-¶ à cette justesse; se joindre; inquiétude ;-t le porter;—▾ de l'intérêt de le laisser celle ;- -y comme son père ;qu'il avait formera on convenir;-b plûtot;-c 'que par 'envie de ;

doing good; and that his defects had never lessenedd his great qualities. As a man, he had faultse; but as a* monarch, he was always great. He warred against and conquereds Nature in all, in his subjects, in himself, on the earth, and on the seas. The arts which he has transplanted with his own hands into a barbarous country, bear" witness to his genius, and immortalize his memory. The laws, the police, politics, military discipline, navy, commerce, the arts and sciences, every thing has been improved according to his views; and four women, who after him ascended the throne, have maintained and perfected his work. Sovereigns of polished' states should say to themselves, If, in the frozen climes of ancient Scythia", a man, by his genius alone, has accomplished such great things, what should we not do in kingdoms where the labour of many centuries has rendered the execution of every undertaking2 easy ?"-VOLTAIRE'S HISTORY OF THE EMPIRI OF RUSSIA.

d affaiblir; — e défauts; f combattre ;- maîtriser;-h luimême; eaux ;-k transplantés de ;- propres ;- m sauvage; n rendre ;-o la politique;-P tout s'est améliorer;- selon ; - monter sur;- Les souverains des ;-t policés ;- se dire - Scythie; faire de si;- dans des ;- ont faciliter l'exécution de toutes les entreprises.

SEBASTIAN, KING OF PORTUGAL.

SEBASTIAN Succeeded to the crown in 1557. His education, and still more his character, full of vivacity and ardour, inspired him with the most romantic admiration for valorous exploits, and an enthusiastic zeale against the enemies of the Christian religion. In spite off all the remonstrances of his

3 SEBASTIEN ;-b plus encore; lui inspirer;d pour les exploits guerriers ;-e un zèle d'enthousiaste.—f Malgré;

G

wisest counsellors, he undertook a war against Muley Molocs, King of Fez and Morocco. Having stript his country of all its military strength, he set sailk in the summer of 1578, and proceeded1 to Arzilla, There he met a Moorish army much more numerous than his own, commanded by Muley in person, who was so debilitated by sickness" that he was carried in° a litter. In the battle that took place, the onset of the Portuguese troops was so furious that the first line of the Moors was broken. Muley in rallying his soldiers, found himself so much exhausted, that he died in the arms of his guards; his last action being to lays his finger on his lips, as an injunction to keep his death secret. Sebastian, who was no less brave than powerful" and dexterous in the use of arms, fought until most of his soldiers were slain by his side2. At length he disappeared; nor was it ever knowna, with any certainty, what became of him, although a body, supposed to be his, was interrede at Belem.

g Moloc;- h de Maroci dépouiller ;-k il faire voile ;-1 se rendre ;- m Il y rencontrer ;-n affoiblir pas une maladie ;- qu'on le porter sur avoir lieu ;- l'attaque; tellement épuisé; fut de mettre ;-t ordre ;-v de garder le secret de sa mort ; u vigoureuxx jusqu'à ce que la plupart;-y tuer à ;—2 ses côtés;a et l'on n'a jamais sub certitude:-c ce qu'il être devenu ;-d qu'on a supposé être le sien ;--e ait été enterré.

FERDINAND AND ISABELLA*.

FERDINAND, King of Arragon and Leon, surnamed 'the Catholic,' was born in 1452, and married the Infantah Isabella, of Castile. They jointly governed those kingdoms; and the firmness with which they caused justice to be administered,

f Isabelle ;--g naître ;- Infante ;-i Castille ;-k faire administrer la justice;

without regard to the rank orm condition of their subjects, is laudable".

The Moors being still in possession of the kingdom of Grenada, Ferdinand and Isabella declared war against them it lasted ten years; and having conquered the Africans, they saw themselves masters of all Spain. Gonzalvo of Cordova, surnamed 'the Great Captain,' was the instrument of their victories.

It wass under their reign that Columbust fitted out the expedition which gave a new world to the crown of Spain: but, alas! it was also under that reign that the Inquisition appeared; a* monster which has devoured innumerable victims, and has debased the Spanish character.

Isabella seems to have had the principal part in the direction of public affairs; the fervour of her religious zeal bordered ony fanaticism; her character was proud, imperious, and enterprising. Ferdinand, on the contrary, was cold and suspicious; he acquired the highest reputation as a skilful politician, but he owed it greatly to his profound dissimulation and bad faith. Oaths and the most sacred treaties never could bind himb; yet, with all those vices, he showed some moderation and justice towards his subjects.

u

1 égard pour;-m et ;-n digne de louanges;- Grenade ;P leur déclarer la guerre ;- l'Espagne ; Gonzalve de Cordoue;- Ce être ;-t Colomb ;- armer l'escadre ;-" Isabelle paraître ; la plus grande ;-y approcher du ;-z au contraire; aen grande partie ;-b ne le lier jamais.

HENRY IV. KING OF FRANCE.

THE laborious exercise to which he had been accustomed fromd his youth, had rendered him indefatigable; he suffered, with patience, cold, heat, c exercises;-d dès ;