er to Tyn, PRINCIPAL SOURCES 1708 Present state of Great Britain. (Chamberlayne.) 1709 Remarks on a pamphlet called "Reflections" of Dr. 1710 Some reasons for a European State. (John Bellars.) 1711 Dr. Davenant's Prophecies. Extracts from Several Mercators, being considerations on the State of British Trade. 1715 Provisions for the Poor and decayed state of Woollen manufactures. (John Haynes.) 1717 Ways and Means Discovered to enlarge Trade and Credit. Essay towards Regulating the Trade and Employing the 1718 Treatise on Regulating our Coins. Survey of Trade. (Wood.) 1719 Weavers' Pretence Examined (by a Merchant). A Brief State of the Question between Printed and Painted Just complaints of the Poor Weavers truly represented. A Further Examination of Weavers' Pretences. An Essay on Trade, wherein the present dispute on calicoes Observations on Asgill's Brief Answer. (Rey.) The State of the Question between Woollen and Silk The True Case of the Scots Linen Manufacture. 1720 The Trade to India critically and calmly considered. Linnen Spinster in defence of Linnen Manufactures. The Spitalfields Ballad. Observations on the Bill against the Calicoes. The Interest of the Nation Asserted. Weavers' Reply to the Linnen Drapers. xi I SYNOPSIS MERCANTILISM IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Sec. I-THE MERCANTILE SYSTEM: The rise of English Sec. II-THE BALANCE OF TRADE CONTROVERSY: Why foreign nations were always suspicious of the Indian trade; The precautions taken by the Government in England against the flow of bullion to India; difficulty of finding a market in India for English commodities; gravity of the situation in 1620; the defence of the East India Company; Mun's England's Treasure by Forraign Trade; theory of the General Balance of Trade; general acceptance of the theory; how the Kingdom profited by the Indian trade; Sec. III--STRUGGLE AGAINST THE COMPANY'S MONOPOLY : Why the Company's joint stock and monopoly were hated; significance of the struggle; the Free Trade Bills; the Company's defence; its opponents Sec. IV-THE PROTECTIONIST CONTROVERSY : the new phase of Mercantilism (close of the Seventeenth century); fostering of national industries; attack on the French, Irish and Indian trade; the character of French and II THE CONSUMPTION OF INDIAN TEXTILES IN Sec. I-CHANGE OF FASHIONS : the demand for light clothing in England; influx of French stuffs; increased popularity of Indian calicoes and silk; the example of the Court; how the writers ridiculed the new fashions; the extent of the use of Indian stuffs in England and on Sec. II-INDIAN TEXTILE MANUFACTURES: India always the centre of cotton manufacture; the varieties of cotton cloth; Indian silk goods; the excellence of Dacca muslin and Masulipalam chintz; the Indian Sec. III-ENGLISH IMPORT TRADE IN INDIAN TEXTILES: Calico trade not considerable before 1670; the boom after 1680; the Company's arrangements for trade in India; 25-47 36 Sec. IV-INCREASE OF IMPORT TRADE IN CALICOES: The ebb and flow of trade from 1680 traced in the Company's Sec. V-ALARMING GROWTH OF CALICO FASHIONS: The shiftings of fashions during the period; calico clothing Sec. I-ENGLISH Woollen AND SILK INDUSTRIES: The import- Sec. II-INDUSTRIAL CRISIS: The increase of unemployment cause? how the use of calicoes disorganised English Sec. III-THE SUFFERINGS OF THE INDUSTRIAL CLASSES: The plight of the silk weavers at Spitalfields and Canterbury; how the Indian goods ruined their trade; unemployment among woollen and worsted weavers in Gloucestershire and Suffolk; the smaller trades Sec. IV-HOW THE WEAVERS WON OVER THE GENTRY: The gentry constituted the governing class of the time; the relations between the gentry and the trading classes; the rising importance of merchants; how the interests of the gentry were identified with those of the business people; Cary's demonstration of the combined interest of the whole community; yet Sec. V-EARLY LEGISLATION AGAINST INDIAN IMPORT TRADE : Petition against the Company before Parliament; discussion in Parliament on calico in 1677; debate of 1680; defence of the Indian trade by Papillon and Sec. II-PROTECTIONISM: the theoretical basis of the Pro- Sec. IV-THE LINEN DRAPERS' DEFENCE OF FREE TRADE: Their controversy with Cary; the cheap Indian calicoes more profitable to the kingdom than German linen; the cleavage between the interests of producers and consumers Sec. V-THE EXAMPLE OF HOLLAND: The position of the Sec. VI-THOROUGHGOING FREE TRADE: The Considerations upon the East India Trade, the high-water mark of Free Trade view in the period; its scientific method and striking originality; the true basis of foreign trade and the unsoundness of restrictions; important anticipations of modern doctrine; the interactions of prices and wages, of division of labour and extent of market; the folly of withstanding the introduction of machinery; the authorship of the tract Sec. VII-WAS FREE TRADE OF TORY ORIGIN ? Professor Ashley's view on Tory Free Trade; the connection accidental, not essential; no definite party cleavage on trade during the period; self-interest gave rise to the different views; need for a revised view of the question V THE PROHIBITION OF INDIAN TEXTILE IMPORTS Sec. I-FIRST ATTEMPTS AT LEGISLATION: the turn in the Company's fortunes; the petitions of silk and woollen weavers and others; the bill of 1696; the representations for and against the Bill; the prominence of linen drapers, calico-printers and allied trades; the Bill lost; violent procession of the weavers through the City XV |