care, custody, or control of any such minor, who shall in any way procure or consent to the employment of such minor

(1) In begging, receiving alms, or in any mendicant occupation; or, (2) In any indecent or immoral exhibition or practice; or,

(3) In any practice or exhibition dangerous or injurious to life, limb, health or morals; or,

(4) As a messenger for delivering letters, telegrams, packages or bundles, to any known house of prostitution or assignation;

Shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

Permits

SEC. 2447. Every person who shall employ, and every parent, guardian or other person having the care, custody or control of such quired, when. child, who shall permit to be employed, by another, any male child under the age of fourteen years or any female child under the age of sixteen years at any labor whatever, in or in connection with any store, shop, factory, mine or any inside employment not connected with farm or house work, without the written permit thereto of a judge of a superior court of the county wherein such child may live, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

Employment of children-School attendance.

re

School attend.

SECTION 4714. All parents, guardians and other persons in this State having or who may hereafter have immediate custody of any child ance required. between eight and fifteen years of age (being between the eighth and fifteenth birthdays), or of any child between fifteen and sixteen years of age (being between the fifteenth and sixteenth birthdays) not regularly and lawfully engaged in some useful and remunerative occupation, shall cause such child to attend the public school of the district, in which the child resides, for the full time when such school may be in session or to attend a private school for the same time, unless the superintendent of the schools of the district in which the child resides, if there be such superintendent, and in all other cases the county superintendents of common schools, shall have excused such child from such attendance because the child is physically or mentally unable to attend school or has already attained a reasonable proficiency in the branches required by law to be taught in the first eight grades of the public schools of this State as provided by the course of study of such school, or for some other sufficient reason. Proof of absence from public schools or approved private school shall be prima facie evidence of a violation of this section.

hours.

Certificates.

SEC. 4715. No child under the age of fifteen years shall be employed Employment for any purpose by any corporation, person or association of persons during school in this State during the hours which the public schools of the district in which such child resides are in session, unless the said child shall present a certificate from a school superintendent as provided for in section 4714, excusing the said child from attendance in the public schools and setting forth the reason for such excuse, the residence and age of the child, and the time for which such excuse is given. Every owner, superintendent, or overseer of any establishment, corporation, company or person employing any such child shall keep such certificate on file so long as such child is employed by him, her or it. The form of said certificate shall be furnished by the superintendent of public instruction. Proof that any child under fifteen years of age is employed during any part of the period in which public schools of the district are in session, shall be deemed prima facie evidence of a violation of this section.

court.

*

*

SEC. 4716. Any person violating any of the provisions of either of the two preceding sections shall be fined not more than twenty-five dollars. Attendance officers shall make complaint for violation of the provisions of this act, to a justice of the peace or to a judge of the superior SEC. 4717. * The attendance officer shall be vested with police powers, the authority to make arrests and serve all legal processes contemplated by this act, and shall have authority to enter all stores, mills, shops, or other places in which children may be employed, for the purpose of making such investigations as may be necessary for the enforcement of this act. * * * The attendance officer shall insti

Violations.

Enforcement.

Seats to be provided.

Sex not a bar.

Proviso.

Messenger serv

ice.

labor.

tute proceedings against any officer, parent, guardian, person, company or corporation violating any provisions of this act, and shall otherwise discharge the duties prescribed in this act, and shall perform such other services as the superintendent of schools or the board of directors may deem necessary.

Earnings of minors.

SECTION 5295. When a contract for the personal services of a minor has been made with him alone, and those services are afterwards performed, payment made therefor to such minor in accordance with the terms of the contract is a full satisfaction for those services, and the parents or guardian cannot recover therefor.

Hours of labor of children in bakeries.

SECTION 5490. No employer shall require, permit or suffer any person under sixteen years of age to work in his bakeshop between the hours of 8 o'clock in the evening and 5 o'clock in the morning.

Employment of women in saloons.

SECTION 6285. No female person shall be employed in any capacity in any saloon, beer hall, barroom, theater, or place of amusement, where intoxicating liquors are sold as a beverage, and any person or corporation convicted of so employing, or of participating in so employing, any such female person shall be fined not less than five hundred dollars; and any person so convicted may be imprisoned in the county jail for a period of not less than six months.

Employment of women and children.

SECTION 6566. It shall be the duty of every agent, proprietor, superintendent, or employer of female help in stores, offices, or schools, within the State of Washington, to provide for each and every such employee a chair, stool, or seat, upon which such female worker or workers shall be allowed to rest when their duties will permit, or when such rest shall or does not interfere with a faithful discharge of their incumbent duties. A violation of any of the provisions of this section shall be deemed a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof by any court of competent jurisdiction shall subject the person offending to a fine of not less than ten dollars nor more than fifty dollars.

SEC. 6569. * * * every avenue of employment shall be open to women; and any business, vocation, profession, and calling followed and pursued by men may be followed and pursued by women, and no person shall be disqualified from engaging in or pursuing any business, vocation, profession, calling, or employment on account of sex: Provided, That this section shall not be construed so as to permit women to hold public office.

SEC. 6570. No person under the age of nineteen years shall be employed as a public messenger by any person, telegraph company, telephone company, or messenger company in any city of the first class in this State, nor shall any child of either sex under Factory, etc., the age of fourteen years be hired out to labor in any factory, mill, workshop or store at any time: Provided, That any superior court judge may issue a permit for the employment of any child between the ages of twelve and fourteen years at any occupation, not in his judgment, dangerous or injurious to the health or morals of such child, upon evidence satisfactory to him, that the labor of such child is necessary for its support or for the assistance of any parent: And provided further, That the judge of the juvenile court may issue permits for the employment of any male child over fourteen years of age, as messenger by telegraph, telephone and messenger companies subject to such limitations and conditions as may be imposed by said court. All permits herein

provided for shall be issued for a definite time and shall be revocable at the discretion of the judge by whom issued.

SEC. 6571. Any employer, or any overseer, superintendent, or agent of such person, telegraph company, telephone company or messenger company who shall violate any of the provisions of the preceding section shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined for each offense not less than ten dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, or be imprisoned in the county jail not to exceed six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

Employment of women and children at mines.

SECTION 7388. No boy under the age of sixteen years and no female of any age shall be employed or permitted to be in any mine for the purpose of employment therein, nor shall a boy under the age of fourteen years be employed or permitted to be in or about the outside structures or workings of a colliery for the purpose of employment: Provided, That this prohibition shall not affect the employment of boys of suitable age in an office or in the performance of clerical work at the colliery. When an employer is in doubt as to the age of any boy applying for employment in or about a mine or colliery, he shall demand and receive proof of the age of such boy by certificate from the parents or guardian of such boy before he shall be employed.

ACTS OF 1911.

CHAPTER 37.-Employment of women-Hours of labor-Seats.

Violations.

Employment forbidden.

SECTION 1. No female shall be employed in any mechanical or Eight-hour day. mercantile establishment, laundry, hotel or restaurant in this State more than eight hours during any day. The hours of work may be so arranged as to permit the employment of females at any time so that they shall not work more than eight hours during the twenty-four: Provided, however, That the provisions of Exemptions. this section in relation to the hours of employment shall not apply to, nor affect, females employed in harvesting, packing, curing, canning or drying any variety of perishable fruit or vegetable, nor to females employed in canning fish or shellfish. If it shall be adjudicated that the foregoing proviso and exception shall be unconstitutional and invalid for any reason, an adjudication of invalidity of said proviso or of any part of this act shall not affect the validity of the act as a whole or any other part thereof.

SEC. 2. Every employer in establishments where females are employed shall provide suitable seats for them and shall permit the use of such seats by them when they are not engaged in the active duties for which they are employed, and every such employer shall keep posted in an open and conspicuous place in each room where such females are at work a copy of this act printed in such form and style as may be prescribed by the commissioner of labor.

SEC. 3. Any employer, overseer, superintendent or other agent of any such employer who shall violate any of the provisions of this act, shall, upon conviction thereof be fine for each offense in a sum not less than ten dollars nor more than one hundred dollars.

WEST VIRGINIA.

CODE-EDITION OF 1899.

APPENDIX.

Employment of children.

(Act, page 1055, as amended by chapter 60, Acts of 1911.)

SECTION 1. No child under the age of fourteen years shall be employed, permitted or suffered to work in, about or in connection with any factory, mill, workshop or manufacturing establish

Seats.

Violations.

Age limit.

Certificates required.

Who to issue.

Evidence.

Contents of certificate.

ment. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation without written permission from the State commissioner of labor or county superintendent of free schools to employ any child under fourteen years of age in any business or service whatever during the hours when the public schools of the district in which the said child resides are actually in session.

SEC. 2. No child under the age of sixteen shall be employed, permitted or suffered to work in, about or in connection with any of the establishments or occupations named in section one of this act, unless the person, firm or corporation employing such child procures and keeps on file, accessible to any truant officer, inspector or factories or authorized agent of the humane society, an employment certificate as hereinafter prescribed. On termination of employment of a child whose employment certificate is on file, such certificate shall be forthwith returned by the employers to the person who issued the same. The employment certificate shall be issued only by the superintendent of schools, or by persons authorized by him in writing, or where there is no superintendent of schools, then by a person authorized by the local school board: Provided, That no member of a school board or other person authorized, as aforesaid, shall have authority to issue such certificates to any child then in or about to enter such person's own employment or the employment of a firm or corporation of which he is a member, officer or employee. The person authorized to issue an employment certificate shall not issue such certificate until he has received, examined and approved and filed the following papers duly executed:

1. The school record of such child properly filled out and signed. 2. A passport or duly attested transcript of the school census record, showing the date and place of birth of such child.

3. The affidavit of the parent or guardian or custodian of such child (which shall be required, however, only in case no one of the above mentioned proofs of age is obtainable), showing the date and place of birth of such child. Such affidavit must be taken before the officer issuing the employment certificate, who is hereby authorized and required to administer such oath without demanding or receiving any fee therefor.

No employment certificate shall be issued until the child in question has personally appeared before the officer issuing the certificate nor until such officer has satisfied himself that the child can read and write legibly simple sentences in the English language, and that the child is fourteen years of age or upwards and has reached the normal development of a child of its age. and is in sufficiently sound health and physically able to perform the work it intends to do, which shall be stated. In all cases of doubt such development, health and physical fitness shall be determined by a medical officer of the board or department of health, or by a physician appointed by the school board.

Every such employment certificate shall state the race, residence, sex, and the date and place of birth of the child, and that the papers required by the preceding sections have been duly examined, approved and filed. Every such certificate shall be signed in the presence of the officer issuing the same, by the child in whose name it is issued, and it shall show the date of its issue: the school record required by the act shall be signed by the prin cipal or other chief executive officer of the school which such child has attended and shall be furnished on demand to a child entitled thereto. It shall contain a statement certifying that the child is able to read and legibly write simple sentences in the English language, and has received instruction equivalent to that given in the first four grades of the common schools Such school record shall also give the date of birth and residence of the child as shown on the records of the school. The employment certificate provided for must be formulated by the State superintendent of free schools and furnished in blank by the clerk of the local school board.

Sec. 3. Whoever, whether he be the employer, parent, guardian Violations. or custodiau of any child, employs, permits or suffers such child to be employed or to work in violation of any of the provisions of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not less than ten dollars nor more than fifty dollars for each and every offense.

Sec. 4. It shall be the duty of the prosecuting attorney to en- Enforcement. force the provisions of this act and to prosecute any person, firm or corporation charged with violation of the same, before any magistrate or court of competent jurisdiction in this State; and it shall be the duty of the truant officers, inspectors of factories and authorized agents of the humane society to expose all violations of this act to the prosecuting attorney. All fines collected for violations of this act shall be paid into the building fund of the school district or independent district in which the offense is committed.

ACTS OF 1901.

CHAPTER 14.-Employment of children-Certain employments

forbidden.

tions.

SECTION 2. Any person having the care, custody, or control of Acrobatic and any minor child under the age of fifteen years, who shall in any immoral occupamanner sell, apprentice, give away, or otherwise dispose of such child, or any person who shall take, receive or employ such child for the vocation or occupation of rope or wire walking or as an acrobat, gymnast, contortionist or rider, and any person who, having the care, custody, or control of any minor child whatsoever, shall sell, apprentice, give away or otherwise dispose of such child, or who shall take, receive or employ such child for any obscene, indecent or illegal exhibition or vocation, or any vocation injurious to the health, or dangerous to the life or limb, of such child engaged therein, or for the purpose of prostitution, and any person who shall retain, harbor, or employ any minor child in or about any assignation house or brothel, or any place where any obscene, indecent or illegal, exhibition takes place, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be fined not less than five dollars, nor more than one hundred dollars, for each offense.

Mendicant em

SEC. 3. Any person having the care, custody, or control. lawful or unlawful, of any minor child under the age of eighteen ployments. years, who shall use such minor, or apprentice, give away, let out, hire or otherwise dispose of, such minor child to any person, for the purpose of singing, playing on musical instruments, begging or for any mendicant business whatsoever in the streets, roads, or other highways of this State, and whosoever shall take, receive, hire, employ, use or have in custody, any minor for the vocation, occupation, calling, service or purpose of singing, playing upon musical instruments or begging upon the streets. roads or other highways of this State, or for any mendicant business whatever, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be fined not less than five dollars nor more than one hundred dollars.

Employment in

SEC. 4. Any person having the care, custody, or control of any minor child under the age of fifteen years, who shall in any man- saloons, etc. ner sell, apprentice, give away or permit such child to sing, dance, act, or in any manner exhibit it in any dance house, concert saloon, theater or place of entertainment where wines or spirituous or malt liquors are sold or given away, or with which any place for the sale of wines or spirituous or malt liquors is directly or indirectly connected by any passageway or entrance, and any proprietor of any dance house whatever, or any such concert saloon, theater, or place of entertainment, so employing any such child, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be fined not less than five dollars nor more than one hundred dollars for each offense.