ACTS OF 1907.

CHAPTER 463. --Employment of children.

SECTION 1. No child under twelve years of age shall be employed Age limit. or worked in any factory or manufacturing establishment within this State: Provided further, That after one thousand nine hundred and seven no child between the ages of twelve and thirteen years of age shall be employed or work in a factory except in apprenticeship capacity, and only then after having attended school four months in the preceding twelve months.

SEC. 2 (as amended by chapter 85, Acts of 1911). Not exceeding Hours of labor. sixty hours shall constitute a week's work in all factories and manufacturing establishments of this State. No person under 18 years of age shall be required to work in such factories or establishments a longer period than sixty hours in one week: Provided, That this section shall not apply to engineers, firemen, machinists, superintendents, overseers, section and yard hands, office men, watchmen or repairers of breakdowns.

Parents to re

SEC. 3. All parents, or persons standing in relation of parent, upon hiring their children to any factory or manufacturing establishment, port age. shall furnish such establishment a written statement of the age of such child or children being so hired, and certificate as to school attendance; and any parent, or person standing in the relation of parent to such child or children, who shall in such written statement misstate the age of such child or children being so employed, or their school attendance, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be punished at the discretion of the court. Any mill-owner, superintendent or manufacturing establishment, who shall knowingly or willfully violate the provisions of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction shall be punished at the discretion of the court.

SEC. 4. After one thousand nine hundred and seven no boy or girl Night work. under fourteen years old shall work in a factory between the hours of eight p. m. and five a. m.

ACTS OF 1909.

CHAPTER 857.-Seats for female employees.

SECTION 1. All persons, firms or corporations who employ females in a store, shop, office or manufacturing establishment, as clerks, operatives or helpers in any business, trade or occupation carried on or operated in the State of North Carolina, shall be required to procure and provide proper and suitable seats for all such females, and shall permit the use of such seats, rests or stools as may be necessary, and shall not make any rules, regulations or orders preventing the use of such seats, stools or rests when any such female employee or employees are not actively employed or engaged in their work in such business or employment.

SEC. 2. If any employer of female help in the State of North Carolina shall fail, neglect or refuse to provide seats, as provided in this act, on or before the first day of June, one thousand nine hundred and nine, or shall make any rules, orders or regulations in his or its shop, store or other place of business requiring females to remain standing when not necessarily employed or engaged in service or labor therein, he shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not less than twenty-five dollars nor more than one hundred dollars, in the discretion of the court.

NORTH DAKOTA.

CONSTITUTION.

Employment of children.

SECTION 209. The labor of children under twelve years of age shall be prohibited in mines, factories and workshops in this State.

[See chapter 266, Acts of 1911.)

Payment to mi

nors valid until notice.

Limit of ten hours.

School attendance required.

Proviso.

REVISED CODES--1905.

Earnings of minors.

SECTION 4105. The wages of a minor employed in service may be paid to him or her until the parent or guardian entitled thereto gives the employer notice that he claims such wages.

Employment of women and children-Hours of labor.

SECTION 9440. Every owner, stockholder, overseer, employer, clerk or foreman, of any manufactory, workshop or other place used for mechanical or manufacturing purposes, who, having control, shall compel any woman or any child under eighteen years of age, or permit any child under fourteen years of age, to labor in any day exceeding ten hours, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be punished by fine not exceeding one hundred and not less than ten dollars.

ACTS OF 1911.

CHAPTER 266.-Employment of children-General provisions.

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SECTION 232. Every parent, guardian or other person who resides in any school district or city and who has control over any child of or between the ages of eight and fifteen shall send every such child to a public school in each year during the entire time the public schools of such district or city are in session; * Provided, That such parent, guardian or other person having control of any child shall be excused from such duty by the school board of the district or by the board of education of the city or village whenever it shall be shown to their satisfaction, subject to appeal as provided by law, that one of the following reasons therefor exists:

2. That such child is actually necessary to the support of the family.

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*

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SEC. 291. No child under fourteen years of age shall be employed, permitted or suffered to work in or in connection with any mine, factory, workshop, mercantile establishment, store, business office, telegraph office, restaurant, hotel, apartment house or in the distribution or transmission of merchandise or messages. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to employ any child under fourteen years of age in any business or service whatever, during the hours when the public schools of the district in which the child resides are in session.

SEC. 292. No child between fourteen and sixteen years of age shall be employed, permitted or suffered to work in any mine, factory, workshop or mercantile establishment unless the person or corporation employing him procures and keeps on file, and accessible to the superintendent of schools of the city or village, if one is employed, otherwise, to the clerk of the school board or board of education, an employment certificate as hereinafter prescribed, and keeps two complete lists of all such children employed therein, one on file and one conspicuously posted near the principal entrance of the building in which such child is employed. On termination of the employment of a child so registered and whose certificate is so filed, such certificate shall be forthwith surrendered by the employer to the child or its parent, or guardian or custodian. The superintendent of schools or clerk of the school board or board of education, as the case may be, may make demand on an employer in whose factory a child apparently under the age of sixteen years is employed or permitted or suffered to work and whose employment certificate is not then filed as required by this act, that such employer shall either furnish him within ten days evidence satisfactory to him that such child is in fact over sixteen years of age, or shall cease to employ or permit or suffer such child to work in such factory. The superintendent of schools of the city or village or clerk of the school board or board of education may require from such employer

the same evidence of age of such child as is required on the issuance of an employment certificate; and the employer furnishing such evidence shall not be required to furnish any further evidence of the age of the child. In case such employer shall fail to produce and deliver to the superintendent of schools of the city or village or the clerk of the school board or board of education, as the case may be, within ten days after such demand, such evidence of age herein required by him, and shall thereafter continue to employ such child or permit or suffer such child to work in such factory, proof of the giving of such notice and of such failure to produce and file such evidence shall be prima facie evidence in any prosecution brought for a violation of this act that such child is under sixteen years of age and is unlawfully employed.

Evidence.

SEC. 293. The superintendent of schools of the city or village, if one Who may issue is employed, and if not, then the clerk of the school board or board of certificates. education, is hereby authorized to issue an employment certificate in writing, such certificate is to be issued upon the evidence prescribed in section four [294] of this act; Provided, That no employment certificate shall be issued for any child then in or about to enter his own employment or the employment of a firm or corporation of which he is a member, officer or employee.

SEC. 294. The person authorized to issue employment certificate Evidence. shall not issue such certificate until he has received, examined, approved and filed the following papers duly executed:

1. The school record of such child properly filled out and signed as provided in this act.

2. A passport or duly attested transcript of the certificate of birth or baptism or other religious record, showing the date and place of birth of such child. A duly attested transcript of the birth certificate filed according to law with a registrar of vital statistics, or other officer charged with the duty of recording births, shall be conclusive evidence of the age of such child.

3. The affidavit of the parent or guardian or custodian of a child, which shall be required, however, only in case such last mentioned transcript of the certificate of birth be not produced and filed, showing the place and date of birth of such child, which affidavit must be taken before the officer issuing the employment certificate, who is hereby authorized and required to administer such oath, and who shall not demand or receive a fee therefor. Such employment certificate shall not be issued until such child has personally appeared before and been examined by the officer issuing the certificate, and until such officer shall, after making such examination, sign and file in his office a statement that the child can read and legibly write sim- Literacy. ple sentences in the English language and that in his opinion the child is fourteen years of age or upwards and has reached the normal development of a child of its age, and is in sound health and is physically able to perform the work which it intends to do. In doubtful cases such physical fitness shall be determined by a medical officer of the board or department of health. Every such employment certificate shall be signed, in the presence of the officer issuing the same, by the child in whose name it is issued.

child.

SEC. 295. Such certificates shall state the date and place of birth of Description of the child and describe the color of the hair and eyes, the height and weight and any distinguishing marks of such child, and that the papers required by the preceding section have been duly examined, approved and filed and that the child named in such certificate has appeared before the officer signing the certificate and been examined.

Sec. 296. The school record required by this act shall be signed by the principal or chief executive officer of the school which such child has attended and shall be furnished, on demand, to a child entitled thereto. It shall contain a statement certifying that the child has regularly attended the public schools or schools equivalent thereto or parochial schools for not less than one hundred and twenty days during the school year previous to his arriving at the age of fourteen years or during the year previous to applying for such school record and is able to read and write simple sentences in the English language and has received during such period instruction in reading, spelling, writing, English grammar and geography and is familiar with the funda

Schoo record.

Hours of labor.

Night work.

Enforcement.

Employments

forbidden.

Violations.

mental operations of arithmetic up to and including fractions. Such school record shall also give the age and residence of the child as shown on the records of the school and the name of its parent, guardian or custodian.

SEC. 297. No persons under the age of sixteen years shall be employed or suffered or permitted to work at any gainful occupation more than forty-eight hours in any one week, nor more than eight hours in any one day; or before the hour of seven o'clock in the morning or after the hour of seven o'clock in the evening. Every employer shall post in a conspicuous place in every room where such minors are employed a printed notice stating the hours required of them each day of the week, the hours of commencing and stopping work and the hours when the time or times allowed for dinner or for other meals begin and end. The printed form of such notice shall be furnished by the superintendent of schools of the city or village, or the clerk of the school board or board of education, and the employment of any minor for longer times in any day so stated shall be deemed a violation of this section.

SEC. 298. Peace officers may visit mines, factories, workshops and mercantile establishments in their several towns and cities and ascertain whether any minors are employed therein contrary to the provisions of this act; and it shall be their duty to report any cases of such illegal employment to the school board or board of education. Such officer may require that the employment certificates and lists provided for in this act of minors employed in such factories, mines, workshops or mercantile establishments shall be produced for their inspection. Complaints for offenses under this act may be made by such peace officer or by any other person cognizant of the facts.

SEC. 299. No child under the age of sixteen years shall be employed at sewing belts, or to assist in sewing belts, in any capacity whatever; nor shall any child adjust any belt to any machinery, they shall not oil or assist in oiling, wiping or cleaning machinery; they shall not operate or assist in operating circular or band saws, wood shapers, wood-joiners, [jointers] planers, sand-paper or wood polishing machinery, emery or polishing wheels used for polishing metal, wood-turning or boring machinery, stamping machines in sheet metal and tinware manufacturing, stamping machines in washer and nut factories, operating corrugating rolls, such as are used in roofing factories, nor shall they be employed in operating any steam boiler, steam machinery, or other steam generating apparatus, or as pin boys in any bowling alleys; they shall not operate or assist in operating dough brakes, or cracker machinery of any description; wire or iron straightening machinery; nor shall they operate or assist in operating rolling mill machinery, punches or shears, washing, grinding or mixing mill or calender rolls in rubber manufacturing; nor shall they operate or assist in operating laundry machinery; nor shall children be employed in any capacity in preparing any composition in which dangerous or poisonous acids are used. and they shall not be employed in any capacity in the manufacture of paints, colors, or white lead; nor shall they be employed in any capacity whatever in operating or assisting to operate any passenger or freight elevator; nor shall they be employed in any capacity whatever in the manufacture of goods for immoral purposes, or any other employment that may be considered dangerous to their lives or limbs, or where their health may be injured or morals depraved; nor in any theater, concert hall, or place of amusement wherein intoxicating liquors are sold; nor shall females under sixteen years of age be employed in any capacity where such employment compels them to remain standing constantly. SEC. 300. Each owner, superintendent, manager or overseer of any mine, factory, workshop or mercantile establisment, and any other person who shall employ any child contrary to the provisions of this act or who shall in any manner violate the provisions thereof, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined for each offense in a sum not less than twenty dollars nor more than fifty dollars and costs. Each person authorized to sign a certificate as prescribed in the preceding section who certifies to any material false statement therein shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than twenty dollars nor more than fifty dollars and costs.

OHIO.

GENERAL CODE-1910.

Employment of children in mines.

SECTION 944 (as amended by act, p. 52, Acts of 1910). The owner, lessee or agent of a mine shall not employ, or permit to work therein, any boy under fourteen years of age; nor employ, or permit to work therein, any boy under fifteen years of age during a term of the public schools, in the district in which he resides.

SECTION 1008 (as amended by act, p. 488, Acts of 1911). Every person, partnership or corporation employing females in any factory, workshop, business office, telephone or telegraph office, restaurant, bakery, millinery or dressmaking establishment, mercantile or other establishments shall provide a suitable seat for the use of each female so employed, and shall permit the use of such seats when such female employees are not necessarily engaged in the active duties for which they are employed and when the use thereof will not actually and necessarily interfere with the proper discharge of the duties of such employees, such seat to be constructed, where practicable, with an automatic back support and so adjusted as to be a fixture but not obstruct employees in the performance of duty, and shall further provide a suitable lunch room, separate and apart from the workroom, and in establishments where lunch rooms are provided, female employees shall be entitled to no less than thirty minutes for meal time: Provided, That in any establishment aforesaid in which it is found impracticable to provide a suitable lunch room, as aforesaid, female employees shall be entitled to no less than one hour for mealtime during which hour they shall be permitted to leave the establishment. Females over eighteen years of age shall not be employed or permitted or suffered to work in or in connection with any factory, workshop, telephone or telegraph office, millinery or dressmaking establishment, restaurant or in the distributing or transmission of messages more than ten hours in any one day, or more than fifty-four hours in any one week, but meal time shall not be included as a part of the work hours of the week or day: Provided, however, That no restriction as to the hours of labor shall apply to canneries or establishments engaged in preparing for use perishable goods.

SEC. 1009 (as amended by act, p. 488, Acts of 1911). The owner or person having charge of the building wherein any female is employed shall provide in each establishment on the same floor or the floor immediately above or immediately below the floor where such employee works, suitable and separate toilet and dressing rooms and water-closets, properly ventilated, for the exclusive use of such employees. Such toilet and dressing rooms and water-closets shall be situated together, with one water-closet for every twenty-five females or less, and where there are more than twenty-five females employed, additional water-closets shall be provided in the same ratio; no toilet or dressing room or water-closet shall be placed in the basement or cellar unless females are actually and regularly employed therein, and unless such basement or cellar is properly ventilated.

SEC. 1010 (as amended by act, p. 488, Acts of 1911). In cities, towns and villages not provided with water works and sewage, closets in the same ratio as above mentioned in section 1009 shall be placed on the outside of such building, at a distance not to exceed fifty and not less than twenty feet from such building, with suitable and separate toilet and dressing rooms in such building, or such building may be provided with a dry closet system at the same ratio provided in section 1009, all closets to be supplied with disinfectants and kept in good sanitary condition at all times.

SEC. 1011 (as amended by act, p. 488, Acts of 1911). Any person, partnership or corporation or agent thereof, who shall violate any of the provisions of this act, shall upon conviction be fined not less than