Forms.

Violations.

approved and signed until he presents to the person who is authorized to approve and sign it an employment ticket duly filled out and signed. A duplicate of each age and schooling certificate shall be filled out and shall be kept on file by the school committee. Any explanatory matter may, in the discretion of the school committee or superintendent of schools, be printed with such certificate. The employment ticket and the age and schooling certificate shall be separately printed and shall be filled out, signed and held or surrendered as indicated in the following forms:

AGE AND SCHOOLING CERTIFICATE, ST. 1909, CH. [514], SEC. [60].

This certifies that I am the [father, mother, guardian or custodian] of [name of minor], and that [he or she] was born at [name of city or town], in the county of [name of county, if known], and state [or country] of , on the [day and year of birth], and is now [number of years and months] old."

[Signature of father, mother, guardian, or custodian.] [City or town and date.]

Then personally appeared before me the above named [name of person signing], and made oath that the foregoing certificate by [him or her] signed is true to the best of [his or her] knowledge and belief. I hereby approve the foregoing certificate of [name of minor], height [feet and inches], complexion [fair or dark], hair [color], having no sufficient reason to doubt that [he or she] is of the age therein certified. I hereby certify and am satisfied that [he or she] can read at sight and can write legibly simple sentences in the English language. I further certify that in my opinion [or in the opinion of -, the physician by whom said minor has been examined in accordance with section fifty-eight of the above chapter] he [or she] is in sufficiently sound health and physically able to perform the work which he [or she] intends to do.

This certificate belongs to [name of minor in whose behalf it is drawn], and is to be surrendered to [him or her] whenever [he or she] leaves the service of the corporation or employer holding the same; but if not claimed by said minor within thirty days after such time, it shall be returned to the superintendent of schools, or, if there is no superintendent of schools, to the school committee.

[Signature of person authorized to approve and sign, with official character or authority.]

[City or town and date.]

In the case of a minor who cannot read at sight and write legibly simple sentences in the English language, the certificate shall continue as follows, after the word "language":

I hereby certify that [he or she] is regularly attending the [name] public evening school. This certificate shall continue in force only so long as the regular attendance of said minor at the evening school is endorsed weekly by a teacher thereof.

Whoever, being authorized to sign the foregoing certificate, knowingly certifies to any materially false statement therein shall be punished by a fine of not more than fifty dollars.

SEC. 61 (as amended by chapter 249, Acts of 1910). Whoever employs a minor under the age of sixteen years, and whoever procures or, having under his control a minor under such age, permits, such minor to be employed in violation of the provisions of sections fifty-six and fifty-seven of this act, shall for each offense be punished by a fine of not more than three hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for not more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment; and whoever continues to employ a minor in violation of the provisions of either of said sections, after being notified thereof by a truant officer or by an inspector of factories and public buildings, shall for every day thereafter while such employment continues be punished by a fine of not less than twenty nor more than one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for not more than six months; and whoever forges, or procures to be forged, or assists in forging a certificate of birth of such minor, and whoever presents or assists in presenting a forged certificate of birth, to a school committee or to the person authorized by law to receive cer

tificates, for the purpose of fraudulently obtaining the school certificate mentioned in section sixty, shall be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred nor more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for not less than three months nor more than one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

SEC. 62. Truant officers may visit the factories, workshops and mercantile establishments in their several cities and towns and ascertain whether any minors are employed therein contrary to the provisions of this act and shall report any cases of such illegal employment to the school committee and to the chief of the district police or to the inspector of factories and public buildings. Inspectors of factories and public buildings shall visit all factories, workshops and mercantile establishments within their respective districts, and ascertain whether any minors are employed therein contrary to the provisions of this act, and shall enter complaint against whoever is found to have violated any of said provisions. An inspector of factories and public buildings who knowingly and willfully violates any provision of this section may be punished by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars.

SEC. 63. A truant officer may apprehend and take to school, without a warrant, any minor under the age of sixteen years who is employed in any factory, workshop or mercantile establishment in violation of the provisions of sections fifty-six or fifty-seven of this act, and such truant officer shall forthwith report to the police, district or municipal court or trial justice within whose judicial district the illegal employment occurs, the evidence in his possession relating to the illegal employment of any child so apprehended, and shall make complaint against whomever the court or trial justice may direct. A truant officer who knowingly and willfully violates any provision of this section may be punished by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars for each offense.

Enforcement.

Same subject.

Lists may be

SEC. 64. Inspectors of factories and public buildings, and truant officers may require that the age and schooling certificates and lists of inspected. minors who are employed in factories, workshops or mercantile establishments shall be produced for their inspection. A failure to produce to an inspector of factories and public buildings or to a truant officer an age and schooling certificate or list required by law shall be primą facie evidence of the illegal employment of any person whose age and schooling certificate is not produced or whose name is not listed. A corporation or other employer or any agent or officer thereof, who retains an age and schooling certificate in violation of the provisions of said certificate shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten nor more than one hundred dollars.

SEC. 65. Police, district and municipal courts and trial justices Jurisdiction. shall have jurisdiction of offenses arising under the provisions of the four preceding sections. A summons or warrant issued by any such court or justice may be served, at the discretion of the court or magistrate, by an inspector of factories and public buildings, or by a truant officer, or by any officer qualified to serve criminal process.

Illiterates

SEC. 66. While a public evening school is maintained in the city or town in which any minor resides who is over fourteen years of age and who does not have a certificate signed by the superintendent of schools, or by the school committee, or by some person acting under authority thereof, certifying to his ability to read at sight and write legibly simple sentences in the English language, no person shall employ him, and no parent, guardian or custodian shall permit him to be employed unless he is a regular attendant at such evening school or at a day school; Evening schools. but, upon presentation by him of a certificate signed by a registered practising physician and satisfactory to the superintendent of schools, or, if there is no such superintendent, to the school committee, showing that his physical condition would render such attendance in addition to daily labor prejudicial to his health, said superintendent or school committee shall issue a permit authorizing his employment for such period as said superintendent or school committee may determine. Said superintendent or school committee, or teachers acting under authority thereof, may excuse any absence from such evening school which arises from justifiable cause. Any minor not holding such certificate shall furnish to his employer a record of his school attendance

Time for meals.

Continuous employment.

Exemptions.

Working without orders.

Penalty.

Seats for males.

each week while the evening school is in session, and when said record shows unexcused absences from the sessions, his attendance shall be deemed irregular according to this act. Whoever employs a minor in violation of the provisions of this section shall forfeit not more than one hundred dollars for each offense to the use of the evening schools of such city or town. A parent, guardian or custodian who permits a minor under his control to be employed in violation of the provisions of this section shall forfeit not more than twenty dollars to the use of the evening schools of such city or town.

SEC. 67. Women and young persons, five or more in number, who are employed in the same factory shall be allowed their meal times at the same hour, except that any such persons who begin work in such factory at a later hour in the morning than other such persons employed therein may be allowed their meal times at a different hour; but no such persons shall be employed during the regular meal hour in tending the machines or doing the work of any other women or young persons in addition to their own.

SEC. 68. No woman or young person shall be employed for more than six hours at any one time in a factory or workshop in which five or more such persons are employed without an interval of at least half an hour for a meal; but such person may be so employed for not more than six and one-half hours at one time if such employment ends not later than one o'clock in the afternoon and if he or she is then dismissed from the factory or workshop for the remainder of the day; or for not more than seven and one-half hours at one time if he or she is allowed sufficient opportunity for eating a lunch during the continuance of such employment and if such employment ends not later than two o'clock in the afternoon, and he or she is then dismissed from the factory or workshop for the remainder of the day.

SEC. 69. The provisions of the two preceding sections shall not apply to iron works, glass works, paper mills, letter press establishments, print works, bleaching works or dyeing works; and the chief of the district police, if it is proved to his satisfaction that in any other class of factories or workshops it is necessary, by reason of the continuous nature of the processes or of special circumstances affecting such class, to exempt it from the provisions of the two preceding sections and that such exemption can be made without injury to the health of the women or young persons affected thereby, may, with the approval of the governor, issue a certificate granting such exemption, public notice whereof shall, without expense to the Commonwealth, be given in the manner directed by said chief.

SEC. 70. If a minor or a woman shall, without the orders, consent or knowledge of the employer or of a superintendent, overseer or other agent of the employer, labor in a manufacturing or mechanical establishment, factory or workshop during a part of any time allowed for meals in such establishment, factory or workshop, according to the notice required by section forty-eight, and if a copy of such notice was posted in a conspicuous place in the room where such labor was performed with a rule of the establishment, factory or workshop forbidding such minor or woman to labor during such time, then neither the employer nor a superintendent, overseer or other agent of the employer shall be held responsible for such labor.

SEC. 71. Whoever either for himself or as superintendent, overseer or agent violates the provisions of the four preceding sections shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty nor more than one hundred dollars.

fe- SEC. 72. A person who employs females in any manufacturing, mechanical or mercantile establishment shall provide suitable seats for their use and shall permit the use of such seats by them when they are not necessarily engaged in the active duties of their employment. Whoever violates the provisions of this section shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten nor more than thirty dollars for each offense.

Children cleaning moving machinery.

SEC. 73. Whoever, either for himself or as superintendent, overseer or agent permits a child under fourteen years of age to clean any part of the machinery in a factory, if it is in motion by the aid of steam, water or other mechanical power, or if it is in dangerous proximity to such moving part, shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty nor more than one hundred dollars for each offense.

Children

oper

SEC. 74. No elevator for the carriage of freight or passengers shall be operated by or placed in charge of any person under sixteen years of ating elevators. age, and all elevators for the carriage of freight or passengers running at a speed of more than one hundred feet a minute shall be operated by competent persons not less than eighteen years of age and no other person shall operate or have the care or charge of such an elevator. Any person, firm or corporation violating any provision of this section by operating or causing an elevator to be operated or to be taken care or charge of or in any manner contrary to its provisions shall be punished by a fine of not less than twenty-five nor more than one hundred dollars for each offense.

any

How

sified.

trades

SEC. 75 (as amended by chapter 404, Acts of 1910). The State board of health may from time to time upon the written application of etc., may be clascitizen of the Cemmonwealth, or upon its own initiative, after such investigation as it considers necessary determine whether or not any particular trade, process of manufacture or occupation, or any particular method of carrying on such trade, process of manufacture or occupation, is sufficiently injurious to the health of minors under eighteen years of age employed therein to justify their exclusion therefrom, and every decision so rendered shall be conclusive evidence of the facts involved therein, except so far as the same may later be revoked or modified by a subsequent decision of the board. Whoever, after being notified that the state board of health has determined that a particular trade, process of manufacture, occupation or method is injurious as above stated, employs therein a minor under eighteen years of age shall be punished by a fine of not more than two hundred dollars and not less than fifty dollars for each offense, unless prior to the time of such employment such determination shall have been revoked or modified so as not to include the employment complained of. SEC. 76. No person shall employ, exhibit or sell, apprentice or give away, a child under fifteen years of age for the purpose of employing or exhibiting him in dancing on the stage, playing on musical instruments, singing, walking on a wire or rope, or riding or performing as a gymnast, contortionist or acrobat in a circus, theatrical exhibition or in any public place, or cause, procure or encourage such child to engage therein; but the provisions of this section shall not prevent the education of children in vocal and instrumental music or dancing or their employment as musicians in a church, chapel, school or school exhibition, or prevent their taking part in any festival, concert or musical exhibition upon the special written permission of the mayor and aldermen of a city or the selectmen of a town. Whoever violates the provisions of this section shall be punished by a fine of not more than two hundred dollars or by imprisonment for not more than six months.

SEC. 77. A license shall not be granted for a theatrical exhibition or public show in which children under fifteen years of age are employed as acrobats or contortionists or in any feats of gymnastics or equestrianism, or in which such children who belong to the public schools are employed or allowed to take part as performers on the stage in any capacity, or if, in the opinion of the board authorized to grant licenses, such children are employed in such a manner as to corrupt their morals or impair their health; but the provisions of this section shall not prevent the granting of special permission authorized by the preceding section.

ACTS OF 1911.

CHAPTER 229.-Employment of women before and after childbirth. SECTION 1. No woman shall knowingly be employed in laboring in a mercantile, manufacturing or mechanical establishment within two weeks before or four weeks after childbirth.

Exhibition, etc., of children.

Licenses for shows, etc., to be refused, when.

Employment forbidden, when.

Law to be

SEC. 2. The foregoing section shall be included in the notice with regard to the employment of women now required to be posted in posted. mercantile, manufacturing and mechanical establishments, and the provisions thereof shall be enforced by the district police.

SEC. 3. Violations of section one of this act shall be punished by a Violations. fine of not exceeding one hundred dollars.

49450°-S. Doc. 645, 61-2, vol 19- 47

Age limit.

Scope of law extended.

CHAPTER 310.-Employment of children—Illiterates.

SECTION 1. No illiterate minor between the age of sixteen and twenty-one years shall be emploved in a factory, workshop, mechanical or mercantile establishment unless his employer procures and keeps on file, accessible to the truant officers of the city or town and to the district police and inspectors of factories and public buildings, a certificate showing that such minor is sixteen years of age or over. Said certificate shall give the place and date of birth of such minor and his personal description. The printed form of the certificate shall be provided by the chief of the district police and shall be approved by the attorney general.

CHAPTER 313.-Employment of women and children-Garment workers in mercantile establishments.

SECTION 1. The provisions of section forty-seven of chapter five hundred and fourteen of the Acts of the Year Nineteen Hundred and Nine, relative to the employment of children and women in mercantile establishments, shall also apply to children and women employed in a workshop for the making, altering or repairing of garments: Provided, That the workshop is connected with a mercantile establishment where the said garments are sold at retail, and is owned and operated by the proprietor of such mercantile establishment: Hours of labor. And provided, also, That such children and women shall not be employed more than fifty-six hours in any one week. The provisions of section forty-eight of the said chapter shall not apply to children and women employed as aforesaid.

Night work restricted.

Violations.

Enforcement.

Power of legislature.

Exemptions

limited.

CHAPTER 629.-Employment of children-Night messenger service.

SECTION 1. Except for the delivery of messages, directly connected with the business of conducting or publishing a newspaper, to a newspaper office or directly between newspaper offices, no person under the age of twenty-one years shall be employed or permitted to work as a messenger for a telegraph, telephone or messenger company in the distribution, transmission or delivery of goods or messages before five o'clock in the morning or after ten o'clock in the evening of any day.

SEC. 2. Whoever, in violation of the provisions of section one of this act, employs a person under the age of twenty-one years or whoever procures or, having under his control any such person, permits him to be so employed shall for each offense be punished by a fine of not less than fifty nor more than three hundred dollars or by imprisonment for not more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. SEC. 3. The district police shall enforce the provisions of this act.

MICHIGAN.

CONSTITUTION OF 1909.

ARTICLE V.-Employment of women and children.

SECTION 29. The legislature shall have power to enact laws relative to the hours and conditions under which women and children may be employed.

COMPILED LAWS-1897.

Judgments for wages of female employees-Exemptions-Attorney's fee.

SECTION 900. No property, except as exempted by the State constitution, shall be exempt from levy or sale, under an execution, issued upon a judgment obtained before any justice of the peace, for work, labor, or services done or performed by any woman, when such amount does not exceed the sum of twenty-five dollars, exclusive of costs. * * * In addition to all other costs allowed by law, the plaintiff Attorney's fee. in any such suit shall recover an attorney's fee of five dollars,

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