ment, to give any theatrical or other exhibition, to drink, serve drinks or any other form of refreshment or viands, or to solicit for the purchase of [or] sale thereof; to engage in, or to take part in, any game of chance or amusement, or to loiter in any saloon or in any room or apartment, except the lobby of a legitimate hotel, opening from or into any saloon within the Territory of Arizona.

SEC. 2. Any person who shall violate any provision of this act shall Penalty. be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollars, nor more than three hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail for not less than thirty days or more than one hundred and eighty days, or by both such fine and imprisonment in the discretion of the court.

ACTS OF 1909.

CHAPTER 100.-Hours of labor of employees in laundries-Air space.

Eight hours a

SECTION 1. The period of employment of working women and other persons who shall be employed in working in the laundry department in day's work. any laundry establishment, shall be eight hours in any one day except when it is necessary to make repairs to prevent the interruption of the ordinary running of the machinery or when a different apportionment of the hours of labor is made for the sole purpose of making a shorter day's work for one day of the week, and in no case shall the hours of labor exceed forty-eight hours in a week.

Hours to

Every employer shall post in a conspicuous place in every room where such persons are employed a printed notice stating the number posted. of hours work required of them on each day of the week; and the employment of any such person for longer time in any day than that so stated shall be deemed a violation of this section, unless it appears that such employment is to make up for time lost on some previous day of the same week in consequence of the stopping of machinery upon which such person was employed or depended for employment.

SEC. 2. There shall be afforded not less than (600) six hundred Air space. cubic feet of air to each worker or occupant of any laundry building or room, and every room shall have at least two windows connecting with the external air and so arranged as to provide a cross current of air.

SEC. 3. Any person, body corporate, agent, manager or employer Violations. who shall violate any of the provisions of section 1 and 2 of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction thereof shall be fined in the sum of not less than one hundred ($100) dollars, nor more than three hundred ($300) dollars for each offense, the same to be collected as in other cases where fines are imposed.

ARKANSAS.

DIGEST OF 1904.

Employment of women and children in mines.

SECTION 5343. No person under the age of fourteen years, or female of any age, shall be permitted to enter any mine to work therein; nor shall any boy under the age of sixteen years, unless he can read and write, be allowed to work in any mine, and no owner, agent or operator of any mine operated by a shaft or slope shall place in charge of any engine whereby men are lowered into or hoisted out of the mines, any but an experienced, competent and sober person, not under eighteen of years age,

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Employment forbidden.

ACTS OF 1907.

ACT No. 456.-Employment of children--General provisions.

Age limit

SECTION 1. From and after the passage of this act no child under twelve years of age shall be employed or allowed to labor in or about years. any factory or manufacturing establishment within this State under any circumstances: Provided, That this act shall not apply to industries

12

Fourteen years.

Night work.

engaged in the preservation of fruits or vegetables during the school vacation period."

SEC. 2. On and after September 1, 1907, no child under fourteen years of age shall be so employed, or allowed to labor unless such child be an orphan and has no other means of support, or unless a widowed mother or an aged or disabled father is dependent upon the labor of such child in which event, before putting such child at such labor, such father shall produce and file in the office of such factory or manufacturing establishment, a certificate from the county clerk of the county in which said factory or manufacturing establishment is located, certifying under his seal of office to the facts required to be shown as herein prescribed: Provided, That no county clerk shall issue any such certificate except upon strict proof in writing and under oath, clearly showing the necessary facts: And provided further, That no such certificate shall be granted for longer than one year, nor accepted by any employer after one year from the date of such certificate.

SEC. 3. On and after September 1, 1907, no child under fourteen years of age shall be employed or allowed to labor in or about any factory or manufacturing establishment within this State between the Hours of labor. hours of seven p. m. and six a. m., nor for more than sixty (60) hours in any one week, nor more than ten (10) hours in any one day.

School attend

ance.

Certificates.

List to be open.

Violations.

Separate of

fenses.

ŠEC. 4. On and after September 1, 1907, no child except as heretofore provided, under fourteen years of age, shall be employed or allowed to labor in or about any factory or manufacturing establishment within this State, unless he or she can write his or her name and simple sentences and shall have attended school for twelve weeks of the preceding year, six of which school attendance shall be consecutive; and no such child as aforesaid between the ages of fourteen and eighteen years shall be so employed unless such child shall have attended school for twelve weeks of the preceding year, six weeks of which school attendance shall be consecutive; and at the end of each year, until such child shall have passed the public school age, an affidavit certifying to such attendance, as is required by this section, shall be furnished to the employer by the parent or guardian or person sustaining parental relations to such child.

The provisions of this section shall apply only to children entering such employment at the age of fourteen or less.

SEC. 5. It shall be unlawful for any owner, superintendent, agent or any other person acting for or in behalf of any factory or manufacturing establishment to hire or employ any child unless there is first provided and placed on file in the office of such employer an affidavit signed by the parent or guardian or person standing in parental relation thereto, certifying to the age and date of birth of such child, and other facts required in this act.

Any person knowingly furnishing a false affidavit as to the age or as to any other facts required in this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not exceeding one hundred dollars.

SEC. 6. The affidavits and certificates required in this act shall be open to inspection by the grand juries or the citizens of any county where such factory or manufacturing establishments are located.

SEC. 7. Any person or agent, or representative of any firm or corporation, who shall violate any provision of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction shall be punished by a fine of not exceeding one hundred dollars. Any parent, guardian or other person standing in parental relation to a child who shall hire or place for employment or labor in or about any factory or manufacturing establishment within this State a child in violation of any provision of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not exceeding one hundred dollars.

SEC. 8. Each day during which this act is violated, where the violation is continuous, shall constitute a separate offense.

ACTS OF 1909.

ACT No. 234.-Employment of children-School attendance.

SECTION 1. Every parent, guardian or other person in the State of Arkansas, having charge and control of any child between the ages of (8) and (16) years, shall cause such child to attend regularly some day school, public, private, parochial or parish, not less than one-half of the entire time the public school said child attends is in session, during any one year, or shall provide such child at home with such reg ular daily instruction during the usual hours as shall be, in the judgment of court or school board having competent jurisdiction, substantially equivalent to at least the instructions given the children of like age and advancement at the day public school in the locality in which said child resides: Provided, That every parent, guardian or other person in the State of Arkansas, having charge and control of any child between the ages of sixteen and twenty years, who is not actively and regularly and lawfully engaged in some useful employment or service, shall cause said child to attend school as hereinbefore provided for children from 8 to 16 years.

* * *

The

School attendance required.

Proviso.

Attendance

SEC. 3. The board having charge of a public school in a city or district shall appoint for a period one of year, one or more attend- officers. ance officers to enforce the provisions of this act. attendance officers shall serve written or printed notices upon the parents or guardians, or persons who have charge and control of any child or children as aforesaid who violate the provisions of this act, and shall, when reasonable doubt exists as to the age of any child, require a properly attested birth certificate or an affidavit stating such child's age, the date of birth and physical characteristics; and shall have the right to visit and enter any office or factory or business house employing children as aforesaid; and the right to require a properly attested certificate of attendance of any child or children at such day school; and power to arrest without warrant, all truants and nonattendants as aforesaid and place them in some public school, unless the parents, guardians, or persons in charge and control of said children, respectively, shall at once place them in some other day school as aforesaid. *

*

*

tificate.

SEC. 7. No child between 8 and 16 years of age shall be employed Schooling in any mine, factory, workshop, mercantile establishment, or in any manner, during the usual school hours while such school is in session, unless the person employing such child shall first procure a certificate from the superintendent or the teacher of the school he or she attended, stating that such child attended school for the period required by law, or has been excused from attendance as provided in section 2 of this act, and it shall be the duty of such superintendent or teacher to furnish such certificate upon application of a parent, guardian, or person having control of such child entitled to same.

SEC. 8. Every owner, superintendent, or officer of any mine, factory, workshop, or mercantile establishment, and any other person who shall employ any child between 8 and 16 years of age, contrary to the provisions of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined for each offense in a sum not less than ten ($10) dollars, nor more than thirty dollars.

Provided, The following counties shall be exempted from the provisions of this act: Arkansas, Ashley, Baxter, Boone, Bradley, Calhoun, Clark, Chicot, Cleburne, Columbia, Conway, Crittenden, Cross, Dallas, Desha, Drew, Hempstead, Hot Spring, Howard, Izard, Jefferson, Lafayette, Lee, Lincoln, Little River, Logan, Lonoke, Marion, Miller, Mississippi, Monroe, Montgomery, Ouachita, Perry, Phillips, Pike, Poinsett, Polk, Pope, Pulaski, Saline, Searcy, Woodruff and Yell.

Violations.

Exemptions.

[Act No. 347 enacts for nine counties, including four of those above Special la vs. exempted, a compulsory-attendance law for children from eight to fourteen years of age, in the main corresponding in its provisions with those of act No. 234.]

cer

School attendance required.

ACTS OF 1911.

ACT No. 231.-Employment of children-School attendance.

SECTION 1. Every parent, guardian or other person in the State of Arkansas, having charge and control of any child between the ages of (8) and (16) years, shall cause such child to attend regularly some day school, public, private, parochial or parish [school], not less than onehalf of the entire time the public school said child attends [is] in session during any one year, or shall provide such child at home with such regularly [regular] daily instruction during the usual hours as shall be in the judgment of court or school board having competent jurisdiction, substantially equivalent to at least the instructions given the children of like age and advancement at the day public school in the locality in Unemployed which said child resides: Provided, That every parent, guardian or other person in the State of Arkansas, having charge and control of any child between the ages of sixteen and twenty years, who is not actively and regularly and lawfully engaged in some useful employment or service, shall cause said child to attend school as hereinbefore provided for children from eight to sixteen years.

children.

to

Mendicant, acrobatic, etc., occupations.

* *

SEC. 2. Any child between the ages aforesaid may be excused temporarily from complying with the provisions of this act in whole or in part, if it be shown to the court of competent jurisdiction, or school board of said district * that the labor of said child is absolutely necessary for the support of the family, or that said child has completed a common-school course including seven (7) grades, and has certificate of same from the school said child attended. SEC. 3. The board having charge of a public school in a city or district shall appoint for a period of one year, one or more attendance officers to enforce the provisions of this act. The attendance officer * * * shall have the right to visit and enter any office or factory or business house employing children as aforesaid;

*

* *

*

*

*

* *

*

SEC. 7. * *Provided, The following counties shall be exempted from the provisions of this act: Baxter, Cleburne, Polk, Madison, Franklin, Jefferson, Sebastian, Yell, Independence, Scott, Drew, Little River, Lonoke, Woodruff, Boone, Bradley, Calhoun, Desha, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marion, Monroe, Phillips, Ashley, Dallas, Columbia, Montgomery, Chicot, Hot Spring, Saline, St. Francis, Benton, Lee, Ouachita, Pope, Union, Crittenden, Pulaski, Prairie, Hempstead, Howard.

CALIFORNIA.

CONSTITUTION.

ARTICLE 20.-Sex no disqualification for employment.

SECTION 18. No person shall, on account of sex, be disqualified from entering upon or pursuing any lawful business, vocation, or profession.

SIMS' DEERING'S CODES-1906.

CIVIL CODE.

Earnings of minors.

SECTION 212. The wages of a minor employed in service may be paid to him until the parent or guardian entitled thereto gives the employer notice that he claims such wages.

PENAL CODE.

Certain employments of children forbidden.

SECTION 272. Any person, whether as parent, relative, guardian, employer, or otherwise, having the care, custody, or control of any child under the age of sixteen years, who exhibits, uses, or employs, or in any manner, or under any pretense, sells, apprentices, gives away, lets out, or disposes of any such child to any person, under any

name, title, or pretense, for or in any business, exhibition, or vocation, injurious to the health or dangerous to the life or limb of such child, or in or for the vocation, occupation, service, or purpose of singing, playing on musical instruments, rope or wire walking, dancing, begging, or peddling, or as a gymnast, acrobat, contortionist, or rider, in any place whatsoever, or for or in any obscene, indecent or immoral purposes, exhibition, or practice whatsoever, or for or in any mendicant or wandering business whatsoever, or who causes, procures, or encourages such child to engage therein, is guilty of a misdemeanor, and punishable by a fine of not less than fifty nor more than two hundred and fifty dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail for a term not exceeding six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Nothing in this section contained applies to or affects the employment or use of any such child, as a singer or musician in any church, school, or academy, or the teaching or learning of the science or practice of music; or the employment of any child as a musician at any concert or other musical entertainment, on the written consent of the mayor of the city or president of the board of trustees of the city or town where such concert or entertainment takes place.

This section is constitutional. 86 Pac. Rep. 809.

SEC. 273. Every person who takes, receives, hires, employs, uses, exhibits, or has in custody, any child under the age, and for any of the purposes mentioned in the preceding section, is guilty of a like offense, and punishable by a like punishment as therein provided.

Hiring, etc.

SEC. 273e. Every telephone, special-delivery company or associa-Sending as mestion, and every other corporation or person engaged in the delivery of sengers. packages, letters, notes, messages, or other matter, and every manager, superintendent, or other agent of such person, corporation, or association, who sends any minor in the employ or under the control of any such person, corporation, association, or agent, to the keeper of any house of prostitution, variety theater, or other place of questionable repute, or to any person connected with, or any inmate of, such house, theater, or other place, or who permits such minor to enter such house, theater, or other place, is guilty of a misdemeanor.

SEC. 273f (added by chapter 294, Acts of 1907). Any person, whether as parent, guardian, employer, or otherwise, and any firm or corporation, who as employer or otherwise, shall send, direct, or cause to be sent or directed to any saloon, gambling house, house of prostitution, or other immoral place, any minor under the age of eighteen, is guilty of a misdemeanor.

GENERAL LAWS.

ACT No. 1611.-Employment of children-General provisions.

(Act approved February 20, 1905, as amended by chapter 456, Acts

of 1911.)

SECTION 1. No minor under the age of eighteen shall be employed in laboring in any manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishment, or other place of labor, more than nine hours in one day, except when it is necessary to make repairs to prevent interruption of the ordinary running of the machinery, or when a different apportionment of the hours of labor is made for the sole purpose of making a shorter days' work for one day of the week, and in no case shall the hours of labor exceed fifty-four hours in a week.

SEC. 2. No minor under the age of eighteen years shall be employed or permitted to work between the hours of ten o'clock in the evening and five o'clock in the morning. No child under fifteen years of age shall be employed in any mercantile institution, office, laundry, manufacturing establishment, workshop, *place of amusement, restaurant, hotel, apartment house, or in the distribution or transmission of merchandise or messages: Provided, That the judge of the juvenile court of the county, or city and county, or in any county or city and county in which there is no juvenile court, when any judge of the superior court of the county or city and county in which such child resides shall have authority to issue a

Same subject.

Nine-hour day.

Night work.

Age limit.

Children of dependent parents.