Rec. 134: 653 (pheromones in the organization of ant societies).Eisner and Happ, 1962. Psyche 69: 107-116, text fig. 1; figs. 1-3, pl. 6 (infrabuccal pocket of a formicine ant, a social filtration device). Roth and Eisner, 1962. Ann. Rev. Ent. 7: 107-136, tables 1-2 (chemical defenses of arthropods).—Wilson, 1963. Sci. Amer. 208: 100-106, illus. (pheromones).—Wilson and Bossert, 1963. Recent Progress 19: 673-716, figs. 1-10, table 1 (chemical communication in animals). Academic Press, Inc., N. Y. Biology: Lafleur, 1941. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 49: 227-231 (civil disturbances in ant communities), ibidem, pp. 199-204 (communal disaffection).-Flanders, 1945. Sci. 101 (2619): 245-246 (Are castes determined by rate of egg deposition?).-Brackbill, 1948. Auk 65: 66-77 (anting by four species of birds).—Nixon, 1951. The Association of Ants with Aphids and Coccids. Commonwealth Inst. Ent. (London) pp. 1-35.-Flanders, 1951. Canad. Ent. 83: 93-98 (role of ants in biological control of homopterous insects).Flanders, 1952. Jour. Econ. Ent. 45: 38-39 (ovisorption as the mechanism causing worker development in ants).-Flanders, 1953. Sci. Monthly 76: 142-148, fig. 1 (caste determination in the social Hymenoptera).-Talbot, 1953. Mich. Univ., Contrib. Lab. Vertebr. Biol. 63: 1-13 (fauna and populations).-Wilson, 1953. Psyche 60: 15-20 (caste determination).-Gosswald and Bier, 1954. Insectes Sociaux 1: 229-246, figs. 1-5, tables 1-5 (caste determination in genus Formica).-Chapman, 1954. Pan-Pacific Ent. 30: 93-102, fig. 1, tables 1-2 (swarming of ants on summits of U. S. western mountains).-Bier, 1954. Insectes Sociaux 1: 1-19, figs. 1-2 table 1.-Gosswald, 1955. Rev. Suisse de Zool. 62: 372-386 (caste determination in ants).-Wilson and Eisner, 1957. Insectes Sociaux 4: 157-166, figs. 1-6 (liquid transmission of food).Talbot, 1957. Insectes Sociaux 4: 375-384 (populations).—Brian, 1957. Ann. Rev. Ent. 2: 107-120 (caste determination).-Gosswald and Bier, 1957. Insectes Sociaux 4: 335-348, tables 1-9 (caste determination in genus Formica).-Weber, 1958 (1956). 10th. Int. Cong. Ent. Proc. 2: 459-473, figs. 1-12 (evolution of ants and feeding habits).-Wenner, 1959. Amer. Midland Nat. 62: 174-182 (ants of Bidwell Park, Chico, Calif.).-Kannowski, 1959. Insectes Sociaux 6: 115-162, fig. 1, tables 1-4 (flight activities and colony founding of bog ants in southeastern Mich.).— Downey, 1962. Ent. News 73: 57-66 (ants associated with larvae of a lycaenid butterfly).-Ayre, 1962. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 70: 159-167 (problems in using Lincoln Index for estimating size ant colonies).-Kincaid, 1963. Amer. Micros. Soc. Trans. 82: 101-105, figs. 1-5 (pollination of plants by ants).-Wilson, 1963. Ann. Rev. Ent. 8: 345-368, tables 1-2 (social biology).—Wilson, 1963. Evolution 17: 249-253, table 1 (social modification).-Ayre, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 712-715 (feeding habits).

Subfamily DORYLINAE

Taxonomy: Borgmeier, 1958. Studia Ent. 1: 197 (key for identification of females to genera, in tribe Ecitonini).

Biology: Schneirla, 1953. Insectes Sociaux 1: 29-41 (army ant queen).Tafuri, 1955. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 63: 21-41, pls. 1-3, table 1 (growth and polymorphism of larva of Eciton hamatum (F.)).— Schneirla, 1956 (1955). Smithsn. Inst. Ann. Rpt., pp. 379-406, figs. 1-4, pls. 1-2 (army ants).—Schneirla, 1957. Insectes Sociaux 4: 259-298, figs. 1-2, tables 1-3 (comparison of functional patterns in army ants).-Schneirla, 1957. Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 101: 106-133, figs. 1-8, tables 1-4 (theoretical consideration of cyclic processes). Schneirla, 1958. Insectes Sociaux 5; 215-255, figs. 16, tables 1-2 (behavior and biology of Neivamyrmex nigrescens (Cress.) and N. opacithorax (Emery)).—Brown, 1960. Psyche 66: 25-27 (alarm and attack behavior).-Schneirla, 1960. Smithsonian Treasury of Science. Simon and Schuster, N. Y., pp. 664

696 (the army ants).-Schneirla, 1961. Ztschr. f. Tierpsychol. 18: 1-32, figs. 1-5, tables 1-4 (sexual broods and colony division of Neivamyrmex nigrescens (Cress.)).-Rettenmeyer, 1963. Univ. Kans. Bul. 44(9): 287-465, figs. 1-23, tables 1-4 (behavioral studies). Morphology: Hagan, 1954. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Amer. Mus. Novitates 1663: 1-12, figs. 1-2 (anatomy of queen of Eciton).—Ibidem 1664: 1-17, figs. 1-18 (reproductive system of queen of Eciton).—Ibidem, 1665: 1-20, figs. 1-21 (the oocyte cycle).-Lappano, 1958. Insectes Sociaux 5: 31-66, figs, 1-25, tables 1-2 (morphological study of larval development in all worker broods of Eciton burchelli (Westw.)). Whelden, 1963. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 71: 158-178, figs. 10 (A-D4), 11 (A-G), 12 (A-1) (reproductive system of worker and female of Eciton burchelli (Westw.) and E. hamatum (F.)). Whelden, 1963. Ibidem, pp. 246-261, figs. 1 ((A-K, 14 (AE), 15 (A-D), 16 (A-E) (antennae and legs, E. hamatum and E. burchelli)).

Genus NOMAMYRMEX Borgmeier, Sup. 1, p. 108

Morphology: Borgmeier, 1957. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 17: 390.
Taxonomy: Borgmeier, 1958, Studia Ent. 1: 201.

Genus LABIDUS Jurine, Sup. 1, p. 108

Morphology: Borgmeier, 1957. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 17: 389.

coecus (Latreille). Ark.

Biology: Kempf, 1961. Studia Ent. 4: 551-552 (as a cave ant).-Rettenmeyer, 1963. Univ. Kans. Sci. Bul. 44 (9): 418-424.

Morphology: Borgmeier, 1957, loc. cit. supra, p. 390.

Genus NEIVAMYRMEX Borgmeier, Sup. 1, pp. 108-110

Morphology: Borgmeier, 1957, loc. cit. supra, pp. 392-393. californicus (Mayr). Nev.

carolinensis (Emery). Ohio, Va.

fuscipennis (W. M. Wheeler). Kans.; Mexico.

harrisii (Haldeman).

Taxonomy: Borgmeier, 1958. Studia Ent. 1: 206-207.

melanocephalus (Emery). Honduras.

nigrescens (Cresson). Nebr., Colo.

Biology: Rettenmeyer, 1963. Univ. Kans. Sci. Bul. 44 (9): 446-452, fig. 23.

Morphology: Borgmeier, 1957, loc. cit. supra, p. 393.

Ecology: Gregg, 1963. The Ants of Colorado, pp. 286-288, map.

opacithorax (Emery). Va., Ariz.

Biology: Rettenmeyer, 1963. Univ. Kans. Sci. Bul. 44 (9): 437-446, fig. 22.

Morphology: Borgmeier, 1957, loc. cit. supra, p. 393.

pauxillus (W. M. Wheeler). La.

pilosus mandibularis (M. R. Smith). N. Mex.

wheeleri (Emery). Ariz.

Subfamily CERAPACHYINAE

Biology: Wilson, 1958. Insectes Sociaux 5: 129-140 (behavior).

texanus Forel.

ACANTHOSTICHUS subgenus CTENOPYGA Ashmead, p. 782

Taxonomy: M. R. Smith, 1955. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. Bul. 50: 48-50 (type lost).

Subfamily PONERINAE

Revision: Brown, 1960. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool. Bul. 122: 145230, figs. 1-48 (tribe Amblyoponini).

Biology: Wilson, 1958. Evolution 12: 24-31 (nomadic and predatory behavior).

*Genus AMBLYOPONE Erichson

(=Stigmatomma Roger of Catalog, pp. 782-783)

Amblyopone Erichson, 1842. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 8: 260.

Type:_Amblyopone australis Erichson. By monotypy.

Taxonomy: Brown, 1960. loc. cit. supra, pp. 155-169.

Morphology: Eisner, 1957. Harvard Univ., Mus. Compar. Zool. Bul. 116: 476, pl. 22, fig. 91 (proventriculus).

Biology: Haskins, C. P. and E. F., 1951. Amer. Midland Nat. 45: 432445, fig. 1 (colony founding of A. australis Erichson).

Amblyopone replaces Stigmatomma, which is a synonym (teste Brown, 1960, loc. cit. supra).

oregonense (W. M. Wheeler), changed status.

Stigmatomma_pallipes oregonense W. M. Wheeler. Raised to sp. rank (teste Brown, 1960, loc. cit. supra, p. 169).

pallipes (Haldeman), changed status. Ariz., Colo., Okla.

Stigmatomma pallipes pallipes (Haldeman). Raised to sp. rank (teste Brown, 1960, loc. cit. supra, p. 169).

Stigmatomma pallipes montigena Creighton (syn. by Brown, 1960, loc. cit. supra).

Stigmatomma pallipes subterranea Creighton (syn. by Brown, 1960, loc. cit. supra).

Morphology: Whelden, 1957. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 65: 1-21, pl. 1, figs. 1-6; pl. 2, figs. 1-7.

Ecology: Gregg, 1963. The Ants of Colorado, pp. 279-280, 282, map. pallipes montigena Creighton. Syn. of pallipes (Haldeman).

pallipes oregonense W. M. Wheeler. Raised to specific rank. pallipes pallipes (Haldeman). Raised to specific rank.

pallipes subterranea Creighton. Syn. of pallipes (Haldeman). Genus PLATYTHYREA Roger, p. 783

Taxonomy: Brown, 1952. Breviora 6: 4 (in key).

punctata (F. Smith).

Biology: Brown, 1957. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool. Bul. 116: 229.

*Genus PRIONOPELTA Mayr

Prionopelta Mayr, 1866. Akad. der Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat. Kl. Sitzber. 53: 503.

Type: Prionopelta punctulata Mayr. By monotypy.
Taxonomy: Brown, 1960, loc. cit. supra, pp. 173-178.

Place after Platythyrea, p. 783.

*antillana Forel. Fla. (Juniper Springs in Marion County).

Prionopelta punctulata antillana Forel, 1909. Deut. Ent. Ztschr., p. 239. Biology: Kempf, 1961. Studia Ent. 4: 489-490.

Genus ECTATOMMA F. Smith

(=Ectatomma subgenus Ectatomma F. Smith of Catalog, p. 783)

Revision: Brown, 1958. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool. Bul. 118: 206211.

Ectatomma raised to generic rank (teste Brown, 1958, loc. cit. supra). tuberculatum (Olivier).

Taxonomy: Brown, 1958, loc. cit. supra, pp. 209, 211, 298, 299.-Kempf, 1962. Studia Ent. 5: 2-3.

*Genus GNAMPTOGENYS Roger

(=Ectatomma subgenus Parectatomma Emery of Catalog, p. 783) Gnamptogenys Roger, 1863. Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 7: 174. Type: Ponera tornata Roger. Desig. by Emery, 1911. Ectatoma subg. Parectatoma Emery (syn. by Brown, 1958, loc. cit. supra, p. 212.)

hartmani (W. M. Wheeler). La. (Lucky); Honduras. Emendation in spell

ing of hartmanni ! of catalog.

Taxonomy: Brown, 1958, loc. cit. supra, pp. 228, 230, 234, 302.
Historical: Brown, 1961. Psyche 68: 69.

Biology: Echols, 1964. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 57: 137.

Genus PROCERATIUM Roger, p. 784

Sysphincta Roger (syn. by Brown, 1958, loc. cit. supra, p. 241).
Biology: Brown, 1958 (1957). Psyche 64: 115.

croceum (Roger).

Biology: Brown, 1958, loc. cit. supra, pp. 246, 247.

melinum (Roger).

Taxonomy: Brown, 1958, loc. cit. supra, pp. 243, 246-248 (also biology). Brown, op. cit., p. 334 considers melinum a European species which very doubtfully occurs in North America.

pergandei (Emery). Fla.

Taxonomy: Brown, 1958, loc. cit. supra, pp. 243, 246, 247-248 (also

biology).

silaceum Roger. Okla.

Taxonomy: Brown, 1958, loc. cit. supra, pp. 241, 245-248 (also biology).

Genus Sysphincta Roger, p. 784

Transfer to synonymy of Proceratium, p. 784.

Genus DISCOTHYREA Roger, pp. 784-785

Taxonomy: Borgmeier, 1957. Acad. Brasil. de Cien. An. 29: 124-125,
figs. 36-39 (6).—Brown, 1958, loc. cit. supra, pp. 248-253.
Biology: Brown, 1958 (1957). Psyche 64: 115.

testacea Roger. Okla., S. C.

Taxonomy: M. R. Smith, 1955. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. Bul. 50: 98 (probable type locality, collector).-Brown, 1958, loc. cit. supra, pp. 253, 341-342.

PACHYCONDYLA subgenus PACHYCONDYLA F. Smith, p. 785

Taxonomy: Kempf, 1961. Rev. Brasil Ent. 10: 189-204, figs. 1-13 (Brazilian species).

harpax (Fabricius). Jamaica, Trinidad.

Taxonomy: Kempf, 1961, loc. cit. supra, p. 194.
Biology: Kempf, 1961. Studia Ent. 4: 493.

Genus BRACHYPONERA Emery

(=Euponera subgenus Brachyponera Emery of Catalog, p. 785)

Raised to generic rank by Wilson, 1958. Harvard Univ., Mus. Compar.
Zool. Bul. 119: 346.

Genus TRACHYMESOPUS Emery

(=Euponera subgenus Trachymesopus Emery of Catalog, p. 786)

Raised to generic rank by Wilson, 1958, loc. cit. supra, p. 352.

gilva (Roger). Transf. to Cryptopone Emery, infra.

stigma (Fabricius).

*Ponera quadridentata Smith, 1859. Linn. Soc. London Jour., Zool. 3:

143. (Syn. by Wilson, 1958, loc. cit. supra, p. 355.) Biology: Kempf, 1960. Studia Ent. 3: 427-428.

*Genus CRYPTOPONE Emery

Cryptopone Emery, 1892. Soc. Ent. de France Bul. 61:CCLXXV. Type: Amblyopone testacea Motschulsky. By monotypy.

Place after Trachymesopus, p. 786.

gilva (Roger). Ky., N. C. Transf. from Trachymesopus, p. 786 (teste Brown, 1963. Breviora No. 190, p. 6).

Genus PONERA Latreille, pp. 786-787

coarctata pennsylvanica Buckley. Ariz., Ark., Okla.

Biology: G. C. and J. Wheeler, 1963. The Ants of North Dakota, pp. 91-92, map.

Ecology: Gregg, 1963. The Ants of Colorado, pp. 281-282, 284, map. *exotica M. R. Smith. N. C. (Piedmont and Coastal Regions; apparently introduced).

Ponera exotica M. R. Smith, 1962. Acta Hym. 1 (4): 377-382, fig. 1, A, B,, .

inexorata W. M. Wheeler. Ariz. (Cochise County, 5400 ft.)

opaciceps Mayr. Uruguay.

Taxonomy: Kempf, 1962. Studia Ent. 5: 7-9, figs. 8, 9.
Biology: Kempf, 1960. Studia Ent. 3: 391.

Ecology: Gregg, 1963, loc. cit. supra, pp. 283-284, map.

trigona opacior Forel. Oreg.

Ecology: Gregg, 1963, loc. cit. supra, pp. 284-286, map.

Genus ODONTOMACHUS Latreille, pp. 787-788

Morphology: Eisner, 1957. Harvard Univ., Mus. Compar. Zool. Bul. 116: 475-476, pl. 22, fig. 90 (proventriculus).

haematoda insularis Guérin.

Biology: Taylor and Wilson, 1961. Psyche 68: 142.

Subfamily PSEUDOMYRMECINAE

Taxonomy: G. C. and J. Wheeler, 1956. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 49: 376379, pl. 3, figs. 1-6 (larva).

Genus PSEUDOMYRMEX Lund, Sup. 1, p. 112

Taxonomy: Kempf, 1958. Studia Ent. 1: 434 (gracilis (Fabricius) group).

Biology: Brown, 1960. Ecology 41: 590.

Morphology: Eisner, 1957, loc. cit. supra, pp. 452-453, pl. 1, fig. 5 (proventriculus).

apache Creighton.

Biology: Creighton, 1963. Amer. Mus. Novitates 2156: 1-4, table 1. elongatus (Mayr).

Taxonomy Creighton, 1955. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 63: 17-20 (also key U. S. species of Pseudomyrmex).

gracilis mexicanus (Roger). Fla. (Dade County). Probably introduced. Taxonomy: G. C. and J. Wheeler, 1956, loc. cit. supra, pp. 385-386, pl. 1, figs. 18-21; pl. 2, fig. 3 (larva).-Brown, 1957. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool. Bul. 116: 235.

pallidus (F. Smith).

Physiology: Blum and Callahan, 1963. Psyche 70: 69-74 (morphology and physiology of poison glands and venom).