value is to be gleaned from A Picture of Washington, published in 1841, and written by George Watterson, Librarian of Congress, 1815-29. For the closing decades of the 19th century the Centennial History of the City of Washington (1892) is a mine of information regarding the military, mercantile, manufacturing and transportation interests, the press, schools, churches, societies, etc., together with much biographical matter, and abundant illustrations. Other works deserving mention are: Joseph V. Varnum's Seat of Government of the United States (1854); C. A. Townsend's Washington Outside and Inside (1874); The National Capital, Past and Present, by Stilson Hutchins and J. W. Moore (1885); Pictures of the City of Washington in the Past (1898), by S. C. Busey; and A History of the City of Washington, its Men and Institutions, edited by A. B. Slauson.

Among the monographs covering special epochs, mention should be made of John Melon Stahl's The Invasion of the City of Washington; a Disagreeable Study in and of Military Unpreparedness (1918); John S. Williams' History of the Invasion and Capture of Washington (1857); also, from the British standpoint George R. Glieg's Campaigns of the British Army at Washington and New Orleans in the Years 1814-15; for early Georgetown history Early Days in Washington (1899), by Sally S. Mackall, is a delightfully readable and fairly accurate record. For the history of Mount Vernon there can be no substitute for the painstaking, exhaustive and thoroughly reliable monograph by Paul Wilstach, Mount Vernon (1916); and Potomac Landings (1921), by the same author, is equally satisfactory for the many historic associations along the Potomac River. Lastly, the Records of the Columbia Historical Society, already numbering 24 vols., are full of matter regarding the local history of buildings, institutions, residential sections, biographies, etc. It includes such important papers as the "Diary of Mrs. William Thornton," "The Capture of Washington by the British" and "Unwelcome Visitors to Washington," Aug. 24, 1814, by M. I. Weller and J. Elwell; also an almost completed series of papers on the Mayors of Washington.

DESCRIPTION. Among the volumes written in lighter vein, and dealing with the picturesque side of the Capital City, its social life and famous men and women, the choice is so wide that the specific mention of a few is largely a personal selection. The following are distinctly readable: Francis E. Leupp's Walks About Washington (1915); Mary Smith Lock

wood's Yesterdays in Washington (2 vols., 1915); Mrs. Mary S. Logan's Thirty Years in Washington (1901), a 752-page volume of life and scenes in the Capital; and Mrs. Harriet Monroe's Washington, its Sights and Insights (1903). Το these should be added Ten Years in Washington (1882), by Mary Clemmer Ames, who further defines her work as "Inside Life and Scenes in the Capital as a Woman Sees Them." Of a purely descriptive nature are two articles on Washington, written respectively by former President William Howard Taft and by Viscount James Bryce, which appeared in the National Geographic Magazine in the years 1913 and 1915. Recent volumes dealing especially with the social life of Washington, include: Mrs. E. N. Chapin's American Court Gossip (1887); an anonymous volume, "by the Widow of an American Diplomat,” entitled Intimacies of Court and Society; an Unconventional Narrative of Unofficial Days (1912); and The Sunny Side of Diplomatic Life, 1875-1912, by Lillie Greenough Hegermann-Lindencrone (1914).

GUIDE BOOKS. Of the strictly formal guide book type, one early pioneer volume which deserves mention is Bohn's Handbook of Washington (1852), containing numerous engravings of buildings most of which have since disappeared; Washington and its Environs, edited by De B. Randolph Keim, is a slim red-covered, Baedeker-like little volume, new editions of which appeared almost annually for about 20 years, down to the late 80's, and are a useful storehouse of miscellaneous details for that period. In recent years the tourist has had to depend upon the two paper-covered popularpriced handbooks put out respectively by the Rand, McNally Company and the B. S. Reynolds Company, to which has recently been added an up-to-date little pamphlet entitled, Historical Self-Guide to Washington, published by the Washington Guidebook Company. Two special handbooks of distinct value are: The National Capitol; its Architecture, Art and History, by George Cochraine Hazelton, Jr. (1907), and Handbook of the New Library of Congress, by Herbert Small (1901). No bibliography would be complete without mention of Charles Moore's recently published biography of Daniel H. Burnham, the distinguished architect who did more than any other single man to carry forward the Art Commission's plans for beautifying Washington, and the record of his efforts to this end is fully given in these two ample volumes.

FICTION. Washington has never been especially popular with novelists as a background for their stories, perhaps

because a very large social element is transient and migratory. Yet the list begins as early as 1822 when George Watterson published what was probably the first novel laid in the District, The L- Family in Washington, a story told in a series of letters, and followed, in 1827, by The Wanderer in Washington. Another early novelist of the Capital, was Mrs. Samuel Harrison Smith, whose What is Gentility?—a story of Washington society-was published in 1828, and the proceeds given to aid the Washington City Orphan Asylum. The most prolific of Washington writers was Mrs. E. D. E. N. Southworth, who, for nearly half a century, averaged one novel a year, many of which were laid in the City itself or in Bladensburg and other suburbs. Retribution (1843) is said to be the first serial story written in America.

Among comparatively recent novelists who have laid their scenes in Washington, should be mentioned Mrs. Frances Hodgson Burnett, author of Through One Administration (1883); Mrs. Gertrude Atherton, whose Senator North (1900) stands out prominently among her earlier works; and David Graham Phillips, who invaded the Capital City at least once with Josiah Craig. Democracy: an American Novel, issued anonymously in 1880, was justly esteemed at the time as a realistic picture of political life at Washington, in which numerous Senators and foreign diplomats were skilfully portrayed. Other novels of about the same period include: Julia Magruder's Across the Chasm (1885); Albert G. Riddle's Alice Brand (1875); J. J. Wheelwright's A Child of the Century (1887), and a series of stories by J. W. De Forest, including Justine's Lovers (1878) and Playing the Mischief (1875). It should be remembered also that at least the concluding chapters of Robert Grant's Unleavened Bread, and several episodes of Sinclair Lewis' Main Street are enacted in the Capital City. And lastly, there are: The Enchanted Canyon (1921), by Honoré Willsie, where the scene alternates between Washington and the Grand Canyon of the Colorado; and The Wings of Time (1921), by Elizabeth N. Hepburn, in which practically the whole story is enacted within the District limits.

PRELIMINARY INFORMATION

I. Arrival in Washington

a.

At the Railroad Station

All passengers entering Washington by railroad now arrive at the UNION STATION (p. 358). It contains an Information Desk, where time-tables, information concerning routes, connections, etc., may be obtained free of charge. Hand luggage and parcels may be left in the Parcel Room (entrance from Grand Concourse, W. of main doorway) at a charge of 10c. per day for each article. Uniformed porters are on hand to carry portable luggage and give all kinds of assistance. porter will accompany the traveller to street car or taxicab and see him safely started in the right direction. A small fee is expected, varying according to the service rendered. Within the main station are telegraph offices both of the Western Union and Postal Telegraph Cable Co.

A

For the benefit of the traveller from abroad or others unused to American conditions it may be added that railroad tickets should be purchased at the regular ticket office in the station or at one of the city ticket offices, since any tickets offered at reduced rates by unofficial agents, called "scalpers," may be counterfeit or sold under illegal conditions. Children under five years of age, when accompanied by an adult, travel free. Children between five and twelve are charged half fare. Any child, however, occupying a seat in a parlor car must pay at least a half fare. Tickets purchased one or more days in advance should be stamped with the date of intended departure. Unused tickets will be redeemed by the railroad under certain specified conditions. stop-over privileges are desired, this fact should be mentioned when the ticket is purchased.

If

Incoming Baggage. On all through trains, when approaching the city, a uniformed agent for one of the transfer companies passes through the cars and will take checks, give a receipt and deliver baggage to any part of Washington. Payment may be made either in advance or upon arrival of the baggage. If the visitor has not made such arrangements on the train he may apply at the office of the Union Transfer Co. at N. W. corner of main Waiting Room.

Taxi-cabs may be procured at W. end of station. Electric cars of several different lines (see p. 10), passing within convenient distance of all the principal hotels, pass the Plaza, stopping in front of the main South Entrance to the Union Station.

Travellers from abroad will find further general information regarding purchase of tickets, checking of baggage, etc., in Rider's New York City.