7. LAW, by Bartlett; attributes, a scroll and a stone table of laws. Portrait-statues: m. Kent, by George W. Bissell; n. Solon, by Frederick W. Ruckstuhl. Inscription:

"Of Law there can be no less acknowledged than that her voice is the harmony of the world."-Hooker.

8. SCIENCE, by Donoghue; attributes, a mirror, triangle and terrestrial globe. Portrait-statues: o. Joseph Henry, by Herbert Adams; p. Newton, by C. E. Ballin. Inscription:

"The Heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament showeth His handiwork."-Psalms xix, 1.

II. From the Library of Congress to the

Congressional Cemetery

a. Washington Southeast

SOUTHEAST WASHINGTON, which the City's founders confidently expected to be the residential centre of the future Capital, offers today comparatively little of interest to the visitor. Aside from the Library of Congress (p. 369), the entire section may easily be covered in a few hours by following the itinerary here given.

On the site of the Library of Congress, E. side of 1st St., from East Capitol St. to B St. S. E., formerly stood several historic buildings. Long's Hotel, at the S. E.. cor. of East Capitol and Ist Sts., was the scene of the first inaugural ball given in Washington, on the occasion of Madison's inauguration, March 4th, 1809. At the S. E. cor. of Ist and A Sts. (immediately S. E. of the Hinton Perry Neptune's Fountain), is the site of the building occupied by General Ross and Admiral Cockburn, as British headquarters, August 24th, 1814. E. on B St., at former No. 120, about midway on S. side of Library, once stood the house of Guiseppe Franzoni. Diagonally opposite, No. 131 B St., is the house occupied by William Jennings Bryan while a member of Congress. Turning W. we reach, at S. W. cor. of 1st and B Sts., the

House Office Building (Pl. I-E4) occupying the block bounded by B and C Sts., 1st St. and New Jersey Ave. S. E. It is in form a hollow square enclosing a court nearly 300 ft. square, while its total frontage is nearly a third of a mile. Its style is a French interpretation of the classic order, as appears especially in the main, or B St., façade, which has a colonnade of 34 fluted columns grouped in pairs, and flanked on E. and W. by pavilions modeled from the Colonnade du Louvre, Paris, while the whole façade is reminiscent of the

Garde Meuble of the Place de la Concorde. The materials of the exterior are: for B St. and New Jersey Ave. façades, South Dover (N. Y.) marble; C and 1st Sts. façades, Georgia marble; inner court, Bedford (Ind.) limestone. Both the House and Senate Office Buildings (p. 365) were designed by Carrère & Hastings, Mr. Carrère being consulting architect for the former and Mr. Hastings for the latter building. Supervising architect, Elliott Woods.

Owing to the sharp southward slope of the street grade the C St. entrance is on the level of the basement, and a driveway completely encircles the inner court. Here the outgoing and incoming mails are handled and supplies received, both for this building and the Capitol, with which it is connected by an ample subway.

The main entrance is at the corner of B and 1st Sts., and opens directly into an imposing rotunda which rises from the second, or main floor, to the roof, and is surmounted by a dome. Its chief feature is a circle of eighteen marble columns standing on a marble arcade, the whole being enclosed within a circular wall or shell. The diameter of the rotunda, measured from wall to wall, is 75% ft.; that of the circle of columns is 57 ft.; height from floor to eye of dome is 68 ft. Back of the rotunda is the main double stairway, broken by frequent landings, after the fashion of the monumental stairways of the Italian Renaissance. The large rectangular space behind these stairs is devoted, on the basement floor, to barber shops, etc., on the second floor to the Post Office, and on the third to a spacious Conference, or Caucus Room.

The first four floors are devoted mainly to offices, which are arranged around the quadrangle in a double row, separated by a twelve-foot corridor. There are 397 of these rooms, all measuring 16x232 feet.

Congress appropriated for the House Office $3,100,000. This is regarded by architects as a remarkably low expenditure in consideration of the size of the building, and the vast amounts of material required. For instance, no less than 285.000 cubic ft. of cut stone was ordered, constituting, it is said, the largest contract of its kind ever given.

Opposite, on S. W. cor. of New Jersey Ave. (No. 3 B St.), is a large four-story structure of gray granite, originally built by General Benjamin F. Butler. President Arthur lived here during the early months of his administration. The building is now occupied by the U. S. Public Health Service, and office of the Surgeon General.

Continuing S. of New Jersey Ave. we pass, on W., the plain brick structure housing the Coast and Geodetic Survey, a branch of the Department of Commerce.

The Coast and Geodetic Survey is charged with the survey of all coasts under jurisdiction of the United States, including the survey of rivers to the head of tidewater; deep-sea soundings along said coa ts, and throughout the Gulf of Japan streams; also magnetic observations and researches. The results obtained are published in annual reports, and in special publications, including sailing charts, harbor charts, tide tables, notices to mariners, etc.

The Coast and Geodetic Survey contains an important library, founded about 1832, with a nucleus of technical books purchased in 1816 by Mr. Hassler, first Superintendent of the Survey. The resources of the library are approximately 25,000 volumes and pamphlets; 35,000 maps, charts and blue-prints (domestic and foreign); 69,000 field records (sent in by surveying parties); 13,000 negatives and prints of surveying work, and of Alaska, Northern, Northeastern and Northwestern boundary surveys. The library is particularly strong in mathematics, astronomy, hydrography, terrestrial magnetism and boundaries of the United States.

Regulations. Open 9 A. M. to 4 P. M. daily, except Sundays and Holidays. Reference library primarily for the use of the Bureau, but free to students properly vouched for.

Immediately S. on New Jersey Ave., W. side, are several hotels. Congress Hall (p. 4), nidway in the block, is especially popular with Congressmen, housing at present three Senators and seventy-eight Representatives. The Potomac, formerly the New Varnum, at N. W. cor. of C St. (p. 4) although thoroughly modernized, is a venerable structure with an interesting history.

The Potomac was originally a range of three dwellings, built by Thomas Law, son of the Lord Bishop of Carlisle, who was brother of Baron Ellenborough. Mr. Law was a talented but eccentric man, and ruler of a populous district in East India. He married Elizabeth Parke Custis, granddaughter of Martha Washington, and invested his fortune in Washington lots and improvements. The corner dwelling was Conrad and McMunn's when the Government moved to Washington in 1800, and here Thomas Jefferson, Vice-President, and Albert Gallatin were guests. It became one of the five Stelle's Hotels about the Capitol Square.

Opposite, at S. W. cor. of C St., stands the George Washington Inn (p. 4).

One block S., at the intersection of New Jersey Ave. and D. St., is the site of the historic Carroll Tobacco House, for thirty years the meeting house of Christ Church (p. 406), then, from 1807 to 1811, of the Ebenezer Methodist Church (p. 411).

Immediately beneath this crossways is the beginning of the tunnel under Capitol Hill to Union Station, used by the Lines to Virginia and the South (entrance to tunnel on W.).

The Capitol Power Plant, at S. W. cor. of New Jersey Ave. and E St., is a conspicuous landmark with its two lofty

yellow brick chimneys. At the N. W. cor. of the building is a huge cornerstone of granite, easily seen even from passing trolley cars 100 feet away.

This stone is historic: it formerly served as the pedestal of Greenough's statue of Washington, during the years that it stood opposite the E. façade of the Capitol. The N. side of the stone still bears the words, "First in War," but they are practically hidden behind a hedge of young evergreens. The rear side inscription "First in the hearts of his countrymen" can still be read in the cellar, so the Superintendent will tell enquirers-but the building is closed to casual visitors.

The Power Plant occupies a portion of the irregular L-shaped plot constituting Garfield Park, a large part of which is given over to a children's open-air gymnasium and playground.

Three blocks E. of Garfield Park, on G St., midway between 6th and 7th Sts., N. side, stands the Protestant Episcopal Christ Church, one of the three oldest churches within the District limits. It was organized in 1795, but is said to be the successor of an earlier organization dating from 1775. The two organizations worshiped successively for thirty years in the old Carroll Tobacco House (p. 405). The present structure dates from 1807; but it was first used in 1809, and not dedicated by Bishop Claggett of Maryland until Oct. 7, 1810. Here Presidents Jefferson and Madison attended service. It has been, however, recently restored to such an extent that it might be mistaken for a modern structure.

To the Parish of Christ Church belongs Christ Church Cemetery, commonly known as the Congressional Burying Ground, situated on the bank of the Anacostia River, at E and 17th Sts. S.E. (p. 408).

One block E. of Christ Church, at G and 8th Sts., we reach the Marine Barracks, a group of yellow buildings occupying an entire square, and constituting the home station and headquarters of the Marine Corps. The chief object of interest here was, until its recent demolition, the Old Centre Building, erected in 1802 of bricks brought from England. Aaron Burr was for a time imprisoned here after killing Alexander Hamilton in a duel in 1804. The British used the building for their headquarters during the occupation of Washington in 1814. The Order of the Knights of Pythias was founded and their ritual written here in 1864. Among historic prisoners was Admiral Raphael Semmes of the Confederate Navy, who was held here for three months.

At present the only interest of the Marine Barracks to the average visitor is the fact that it is the residence of the famous *Marine Band, the only military band always stationed at Washington, and available for all military ceremonials.

a

History. The Act establishing the Marine Corps, and approved by President Adams, July 11th, 1798, included a section providing for a drum and fife corps, consisting of sixteen drummers and sixteen fifers. These constituted the Marine Band until 1801, when Lieut.Col. Archibald Henderson brought from Naples thirteen Italian musicians. It was not until half a century later that the Band first acquired its fame under the leadership of Francis Scala, who, except for brief interval, was its conductor from 1843 to 1871. It was he who inaugurated the open-air concerts at the White House and on the Capitol grounds, a custom which is still continued. Among the Band's distinguished leaders was John Philip Sousa, 1880-92. In 1861 President Lincoln signed a law recognizing the Marine Band as part of the military service of the United States. In 1898, under President McKinley, the Band was reorganized and increased to seventy-three members, consisting of the Leader, with pay and allowances of a First Lieutenant of the Marine Corps; a second Leader, at $75.00 per month; thirty first-class musicians at $60.00; thirty second-class musicians at $50.00; ten privates and a Drum-major. All the members must enlist for four years.

It is an interesting coincidence that John Philip Sousa, long identified with the Marine Band, was born in the immediate neighborhood, on G St., S.E., near old Christ Church, Nov. 6, 1854.

Four blocks S., on M St., is the United States Navy Yard, established in 1804.

The Navy Yard (Pl. III-G5), situated at the foot of 8th St., S.E., on the bank of the broad tidal estuary of the Anacostia River, occupies approximately 40 acres, much of which is made ground. It is one of the earliest government shipyards in the country, having been established in 1800, for the purpose of constructing several vessels of war. Owing, however, to the difficult navigation of the Potomac River, it has never been important as a building station. Its machine shops, however, are extensive and interesting, for this has long been one of the chief Government establishments for constructing the equipment for war vessels.

To-day there is comparatively little of interest to attract the tourist. The historic entrance gate, designed by Benjamin H. Latrobe, has given place to a modern gateway; the spacious parade ground has been largely built over with machine shops, and the original Commandant's House, purposely placed by Latrobe, in the center of the upper part of the Yard, where "the whole Yard would be under his eye," is no longer standing, although the present Commandant's House occupies its site. There is a Museum which contains trophies from the British, Mexican and Civil Wars; also two old-fashioned bronze muzzle-loading cannon, made in Barcelona in 1788, and captured from the Tripolitans by Decatur in 1814.