North End Case: Prehistoric musical instruments, including specimens from Mexico, Central and South America, pottery rattles, whistling bottles and vases (from graves), flageolets and pan-pipes (of stone, reed, bone and pottery).

West Wall (N, to S.) Cases I and 2. Mexican antiquities. Between these cases is a facsimile of the great Calendar Stone. I ft. 2 in. in diameter, found on the site of the present Cathedral of Mexico, formerly occupied by the Aztec Teocalli Temple, destroyed by the Spanish conquerors. Beyond, occupying the greater part of the western wall, are two long cases of five divisions each, containing antiquities of: a. Mexico (States of Chihuahua, Jalisco, Oaxaca, etc); b. Guatemala; c. Honduras; d. Nicaragua; e. Costa Rica; f. Panama; g. Peru; h. Argentina. Note especially the elaborate and grotesque Oaxaca idols and Nicaragua painted pottery. Affixed to the wall are numerous plaster casts of sculptured panels, etc. The most noteworthy is a dark red panel at S. E. cor., being an altar panel from the ancient Maya Temple of the Sun, at Tikal, Guatemala.

North Hall. Western Aisle: Antiquities of Europe, Asia and Africa. South End: Plaster casts of classic sculptures: 1. The Laocoon (original in Vatican); 2. Hermes (from the Island of Andros); 3. The Fates (E. Pediment of the Parthenon); 4. Model of the Parthenon.

East Wall Cases; (S. to N.): 1. Mediterranean Antiques, casts of Greek and Roman sculptures; 2. Italian potteries: vases, jugs and bowls; 3 and 4. Antiquities of Western Asia (Hebrew, Syrian, etc.): The Bible in Latin, Greek, Turkish, Korean, etc.; also copy of "The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth," compiled by Thomas Jefferson in 1804, together with the two copies of the English New Testament from which Jefferson took his clipping; musical instruments mentioned in the Bible; costumes of Palestine and Syria; ornaments and utensils; coins mentioned in the Bible (Hebrew, Persian, Greek and Roman); Precious stones mentioned in the Bible; 5. Assyrian and Babylonian Antiquities: Plaster casts of bas-reliefs, etc.; 6. Antiquities of Egypt: sculptures, natural products, Egyptian textile art; modern Egyptian bricks; agricultural products, cotton, sugarcane and wheat; Egyptian sculptures (casts), funeral cone and fragments of mummied animals; 7. Egypt continued. Mortuary relics, mummy cloth, etc.

West Aisle continued; Central cases (N. to S.): Case 1. Greek, Roman and Etruscan Pottery; Case 2. Collection of Roman Bronzes and Glass-ware, lent by Thomas Nelson Page; Case 3. Greek and Roman Pottery and Bronzes continued; Case 4. Egyptian Antiquities, necklaces and figurines; Mummied cat; Case 5. Roman and Etruscan terra cotta figurines (lent by Mrs. E. A. H. Magruder); Case 6. Ancient coins: Greek, Roman, Syrian and Armenian Case 7. Roman and Etruscan fish-hooks, surgical and dental instruments, awls,

bodkins, needles, razors and bronze household articles; Case 8. Germany, Stone Age: Flake knives; roughly chipped celts; partly polished celts; flint daggers; ax hammers, etc. Case 9. Miscellaneous bronzes: celts, daggers and sickles from Hungary, Italy, Germany, Switzerland (Lake Dwellers), Sweden and England; Case 10. East Africa, Somaliland: Implements of flint and quartz collected and presented by Sir H. W. SetonKarr; Case II. Antiquities of Ancient Troy: Collection of pre-historic objects found at Hissarlik, the site of ancient Troy, by Dr. Henry Schliemann during the years of 1870-82. Presented by Mrs. Schliemann. Also collection of Armenian antiquities from the ancient necropolis of Monci-yeri, near Allahverdi in the Caucasus; Case 12. A. Africa, Stone Age: Stone implements and fragments of pottery, collected mainly from Kitchen-middens and caves of Cape Colony; B. Egypt and Palestine Stone Age: Antiquities from Wady El-Shiekh and from tomb of Osiris at Abydos; Case 13. Model of a Swiss Lake Dwelling settlement; Cases 14-15. Stone Age in Japan, Korea, Australia and Tasmania; Case 16. Antiquities of Asia; India, Indo-China and Cmbodia; collection of chipped implements found by A. C. Carlyle, of the Archæological Survey, in the caves and rock shelters of the Vindhya Hills, Centra India; collection of objects from Kitchen-middens on the shores of Lake Ton-le-Sap, by Prof. L. H. James.

West Wall Cases (S. to N.): 1. Stone Age implements from Denmark, Sweden and Norway. 2. Antiquities found in Danish Kitchen-middens. 3-4. Antiquities from the LakeDwelling period in Switzerland (Neolithic Age). 5. Stone Age in Belgium: Bones, animal skulls, celts, axes, flint knives and other relics. 6. Mesvinuan and Strepijan Artifacts: Nodules and flakes of flint or brown chert, adapted to the purpose of hammering, cutting, etc. 7. Dolmen deposits in France, Neolithic period. 8. Art works of the Stone Age: Casts of sculptured and engraved horns. 9. France continued: Fragments of implements from caverns illustrating the arts of the Paleolithic period. 10. Stone Age in England: Flakes, gun-flints, etc. made at Brandon, Suffolk. II. Arrowheads, chisels, knives, flakes, celts and scrapers from England and Ireland, Neolithic Period. 12. Ancient Coins, Roman, Persian, Macedonian, etc. 13. England continued: flint implements and other relics of the Paleolithic period, including a number of Eoliths, believed to be the earliest known attempts of man at tool-making. 14. Coins, pottery and other antiquities from Egypt and Italy. 15. Prehistoric Antiquities from the Terremare settlements in Italy:

arrowhead flint implements, etc. 16. Roman and Etruscan Antiquities. 17. Turkestan: collection of potteries and tiles dating from the 12th and 13th centuries. 18. Potteries from Greece and Italy, including much Italian Black-ware and Arretine pottery.

North Central Pavilion: Antiquities of Egypt, Assyria and Palestine (Unless otherwise stated these exhibits are plaster reproductions):

South Wall (W. to E.): 1. Statue of the God Hadad, with inscription in old Aramæan. Erected in North Syria by Panammu II (see exhibit 9 below); 2. Stele of Sargon II, King of Assyria 709-05 B. C. (father of Sennacherib). The original Stele was found in 1845 on the Island of Cypress; 3. Human-headed, winged bull, found on site of Ninevah in 1846, by Sir Austin H. Layard (original in British museum); 4. Lid of sarcophagus of Sebaski, an Egyptian priest of about 700 B. C., Rosetta Stone; 5. Babylonian code of Hammurabi. The original was found 1901-02 in the ancient city of Susa (the Shushan of the Bible). The compiler of these laws is identified with Amraphel, mentioned in Genesis (Gen. XIV, 9), a contemporary of Abraham. Consequently, this code is 1000 years older than the Hebrew Pentatuch; 6. Human-headed, winged lion from Ninevah, Layard Expedition (see above exhibit 3.): 7. Horus, Egyptian god, personification of the Morning Sun; 8. Hopi, Egyptian god of the Nile; 9. Torso of Panammu II, found at Senjirli. Asia Minor (a King who held sway in the country of the Hittites in the 8th centnry B. C.). The inscription consists of 23 lines in old Aramæan, constituting one of the oldest existing specimens of that language.

East Wall Case: Mortuary Customs of Ancient Egypt (coffins and mortuary boxes).

Central Exhibits (E. to W.): 1. Egyptian Mummy of Luexor, 1886, gift of Hon. S. S. Cox, then U. S. Minister to Turkey. 2. Relief map of Palestine; 3. Cast of ancient Siloam, recording the opening of the Pool of Siloam by King Hezekiah; 4. Reproduction of a Greek Inscription from the Temple of Jerusalem; 5. Cast of Obelisk of Shalmanesor II, King of Assyria; 6. Moabite Stone (original in Louvre); 7. Roman Mosaic, Lion attacking a Wild Ass.

This exhibit is practically the only remnant of an elaborate mosaic flooring in the Temple of Astarte, Carthage. It was rescued by Sir Richard Wood, the British Consul General to Tunis, exhibited at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition, and presented by him to the Smithsonian Institution.

8. Cast of Statue of Queen Amenerdas (about 720 B. C.); 9. Cast of Statue of Chepeen, third King of 4th Dynasty,

3666 B. C.; 10. Medeba Mosaic Map (colored drawing of Palestine, from floor in old church in Medeba, in what was formerly Moab). 11-12. Two cases holding Egyptian antiquities: Book of the Dead, papyri, Greco-Egyptian portrait, etc.; 13. Wall case, containing coffins and canopus jars.

Central Exhibits continued: East Range (N. to S.): I. and Dolphins: Central exhibits: I. Life-size Model of Sulphurbottom Whale. Balanoptera musculus (Linn.) from Newfoundland coast length, 78 ft.; 2. Gray Whale, Rhachianectes glaucus (Cope) reduced model; 3. Skeleton of com. mon Finback Whale, Balaenoptera physalus (Linn.); 4. Skeleton of Little Piked Whale, B. acuto-rostrata (Lacepede); 5. Humpback Whale, Mezaptera nodosa (skeleton and onehalf model, split lengthwise); 6. Skeleton of Sulphurbottom Whale; (total length, 75 ft.; skull, 19 ft. 6 in.); 6. Skull of Killer Whale, Orcinus orva (Linn.); 7. Skull of Baird's Whale, Berardius Berardi; 8. Skull of Humpback Whale, Megoptera longimana; 9. North Atlantic Right Whale,

Balæna glacialis (Bonnaterre).

North Wall (E. to W.) : Case 1. Models of Whales and Porpoises, 10 species; Case 2. Skeletons of Whales and Porpoises, nine species; Case 3. Skeletons, continued: four species.

This aisle also contains at present (1922) a number of additional exhibits temporarily transferred from the Northwest range. These include: I. FAUNA OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (note especially the collection of Washington Birds, in 14 cases); II. General ENTOMOLOGICAL COLLECTION (along S. side of aisle; note especially the tropical Lepidoptera, Butterflies of India, Borneo, Siam, Java, Philippines and South America); III. *The J. P. IDDINGS COLLECTION OF BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, consisting of about 2500 named species, presented in 1921 by the heirs of Dr. Iddings.

Southwest Pavilion: Zoology continued; Reptiles and Fishes. Most of these exhibits are skilful and accurate models of originals. Note, however, among central cases, a collection of *Tropical Fish in tanks of preserving fluid; all the original vivid coloring has been retained. Note especially the following: Rock Beauty, Holocanthus tricolor (scarlet, yellow and black); "Pa Kui Kui," Tenthis achilles Shaw, Hawaii (black, scarlet and blue); "Kihi-kihi," Zanclus canescens Linn (white, black and blue); Portuguese Butterfly, Chaetodon striatus Linn (pale blue and lemon).

Southwest Pavilion, North End, and North Aisle of West Wing: Comparative Anatomy. The greater part of this

exhibit consists of a systematic collection of the skeletons of Mammals, Birds, Reptiles and Fishes.

The Western Section of the North Range is temporarily

closed to the public.

IV. The Smithsonian Institution-The Arts and Industries Building

(The "Old" National Museum)

West of the Army Medical Museum, between 9th and 10th Sts., stands the rectangular and somewhat ungainly structure constituting the Arts and Industries Building of the National Museum, popularly known as the “Old National Museum."

The Museum is open daily, except Sunday, from 9 a. m. to 4.30 p. m. There is a small luncheon room situated at the extreme end of the E. wing: good and economical. Lavatories in S. E. corner of Museum.

History. The National Museum traces its origin to a society organized in Washington in 1840 under the title of the "National Institute,' the object of which included the administration of the Smithsonian bequest, and the bringing together of collections of Natural History, Ethnology and kindred subjects, for the purpose of forming a general museum. Congress granted temporary quarters in the Patent Office; and here for some years was housed the nucleus of the collection, consisting of miscellaneous "Curiosities" acquired: I. By gift of Foreign Powers to the United States; 2. Sent home by American Consuls resident abroad; 3. Presented by Naval Officers. These collections were subsequently transferred to the building of the Smithsonian Institution, under whose auspices the establishment of a National Museum had been authorized by act of Congress in 1846 (p. 255); and as year by year the bulk of the collection augmented, the Institution found itself seriously cramped for space. In 1876 came the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia, from which so large a collection of valuable articles was acquired by gift to the United States through the Smithsonian Institution, that they had to be stored in the so-called Armory Building, now occupied by the Fish Commission (p. 245).

Prof. Joseph Henry in a letter dated Oct. 8th, 1877, brought to the attention of Pres. Hayes the urgent necessity of a new structure to house these additional and valuable exhibits. Accordingly the President in his message recommended that an adequate appropriation should be made for the establishment and maintenance of a National Museum.

When the matter was taken up by Congress, it was found that a Museum building worthy to rank among the permanent structures of the National Capital could not be erected under a million dollars; but that a fairly spacious exhibition building, fairly fireproof and large enough to house the growing collections for some years to come, might be erected for a quarter of that sum. Accordingly $250,000 was appropriated for the purpose.

This first Museum building, completed in 1881, was an attempt so far as the funds would allow, to achieve a sort of modernized Romanesque style of architecture, in order