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THE GENERAL

BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY.

A NEW EDITION.

VOL. XXI.

Printed by NICHOLS, SON, and Bentley, Red Lion Passage, Fleet Street, London.

BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY:

CONTAINING

AN HISTORICAL AND CRITICAL ACCOUNT

OF THE

LIVES AND WRITINGS

OF THE

MOST EMINENT PERSONS

IN EVERY NATION;

PARTICULARLY THE BRITISH AND IRISH;

FROM THE EARLIEST ACCOUNTS TO THE PRESENT TIME.

A NEW EDITION,

REVISED AND ENLARGED BY

ALEXANDER CHALMERS, F. S. A.

VOL. XXI.

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR J. NICHOLS AND SON; F. C. AND J. RIVINGTON; T. PAYNE;
OTRIDGE AND SON; G. AND W. NICOL; G. WILKIE; J. WALKER; R. LEA;
W. LOWNDES ; WHITE, COCHRANE, AND CO. ; T. EGERTON; LACKINGTON,
ALLEN, AND CO.; J. CARPENTER; LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, AND
BROWN; CADELL AND DAVIES; C. LAW; J. BOOKER; J. CUTHELL CLARKE
AND SONS; J. AND A. ARCH; J. HARRIS; BLACK, PARRY, AND CO.; J. BOOTH;
J. MAWMAN; GALE, CURTIS, AND FENNER; R. H. EVANS, J. HATCHARD;
J. MURRAY; R. BALDWIN; CRADOCK AND JOY; E. BENTLEY; J. FAULDER;
OGLE AND CO.; W. GINGER; J. DEIGHTON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE; CONSTABLE
AND CO. EDINBURGH; AND WILSON AND SON, YORK.

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A NEW AND GENERAL

BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY.

LUXEMBOURG (FRANCIS HENRY DE MONTMORENCI,

DUKE OF), a very celebrated general and mareschal of France, was a posthumous son of the famous Bouteville, who was beheaded under Louis XIII. for fighting a duel. . He was born in 1628, and in 1643 was present at the battle of Rocroi, under the great Condé, whose pupil he was, and whom he followed in all his fortunes. He also resembled that great man in many of his eminent qualities, in acuteness of perception, thirst for knowledge, promptness in action, and ardour of genius. These qualities he displayed in the conquest of Franche-Comté in 1668, where he served as lieutenant-general. He served also in the Dutch campaign of 1672, took many towns, and gained some trophies in the field. He closed this expedition by a retreat more famous than his victories, which he accomplished with an army of 20,000 men, against the opposition of 70,000. After distinguishing himself in another expedition in Franche-Comté, he was advanced, in 1675, to the dignity of mareschal of France. He fought, during the remainder of that war, with various success. In the second war of Louis XIV. against the allied powers in 1690, he gained the battle of Fleurus, and it was generally allowed that he prevailed in it chiefly by the superiority of his genius to that of his antagonist the prince of Waldeck. In the ensuing year, 1691, he gained the battles of Leufen and Steinkirk; and, continuing to be opposed to king William of England, he was again successful, in the bloody battle of Nerwinde, where there fell on the two sides near 20,000 men. It was said in France, that on this occasion they should not sing Te Deum, but VOL. XXI.

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