desirable that the students shall have accurate knowledge of plant life and habits, at least so far as the economic plants of the Philippines are concerned. No text-book is used in this course. There is none adapted to such work. The work is divided between the laboratory and the field. In the first part of the year the most familiar plants are made the subject of study. The rice plant, the banana, the papaya, the abaca, and the gumamela have furnished introductory subject-matter in the course now current. These plants have been selected not only on account of their frequency and familiarity, but as much with a view to the consideration of plant habits and structure which they excellently exemplify. The work of the bureau of forestry and agriculture is largely considered in this course. The course is adapted to preparation for work in these bureaus as well as for teaching. Study is made of the methods recommended by the bureau of agriculture for the cultivation of valuable Philippine plants. The bulletins of the bureau are reduced to their simplest terms and thoroughly illustrated. Aside from its informational benefits, it is the aim of the course to render a large service in the cultivation of habits of original thinking and accuracy of report. The course, with subject-matter, does not permit of individual interpretation. The questions that are asked are not to be answered by force of memory alone, but necessitate personal observation of facts and careful exercise of reason. The equipment of the laboratory consists of a dozen compound microscopes of standard college pattern, two dozen dissecting microscopes, a full outfit for the preparation of permanent slides for illustrative purposes, and numerous other accessories. Ample material is provided for collecting, and a considerable herbarium has already been formed for purposes of reference and illustration. The students help in this work and valuable assistance is being rendered by American teachers in the provinces. Full credit is given for such contributions and duplicate specimens identified and returned if desired.

The laboratory occupies a room 50 feet by 30 feet, which is excellently adapted to its purposes. Lockers are provided each student for storing the individual outfits. JOHN G. COULTER, Special Teacher.

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY-SECOND AND THIRD YEAR.

Geography is treated as a nature study, founded upon a study of the earth's surface and the agents which have contributed their work to the fashioning of such a relief. Chalk and sand modeling are extensively used in giving an accurate idea of land forms and drainage areas.

The study of the history of the earth's surface is based upon geology, indirectly upon meteorology, and more or less upon all the sciences, as indicated in the following outline:

The Earth:

1. Theories of formation.

2. Stages of change through which the earth has passed.

I. Cause of crustal unrest.

II. Agents of erosion.

III. Influence of surface and climatic conditions upon man and his progress toward civilization.

History is closely allied to structual geography.

When the student has acquired a working knowledge of structural geography he is ready for political and commercial geography, which are treated from an historical standpoint.

KATHRYNE T. BOLTON, Teacher.

PHYSICS-FOURTH YEAR.

In this subject each head or subject is reckoned as a coordinate and logical part of the entire system of physical phenomena of nature, a large part of which in an unclassified form is already in the possession of the pupil.

To develop order, system and a logical habit of thinking are emphasized as well as the presenting of new truth. The pupil is required to give reasons for all statements made. The work is done through the means of the laboratory, supplemented by the recitation periods. In the entire work of the pupil nothing indefinite or partially stated is permitted, but as quantities are considered, the most definite results which the pupil is able to secure from his own experimentation are required, which in most cases take the form of mathematical statements. The apparatus is put into the pupil's hands, and, regardless of the results of others or statements of any text, he is required to demonstrate for himself all the principles which he studies. Often an experiment is performed a number of times before approximately correct results are obtained.

Each pupil is required to keep a record in a permanent notebook of all experiments performed. Conclusions are recorded only after very careful deliberation and comparison of ultimate results with those of a coworker, in order to eliminate the possibilities of error.

DANIEL R. PERKINS, Teacher.

FILIPINO HISTORY-SECOND YEAR.

In general this course aims to present the history of the Philippines from the Filipino point of view.

It is attempting to develop:

1. The character, customs, beliefs, and institutions of the Filipinos at the time of the conquest.

2. The modification of this primitive civilization by Spanish influence.

3. The nature of the new ideal introduced by the transition to American rule.

4. The possibilities of the islands and their people for the future.

It is proposed to distribute the discussion as follows:

Two months to 1, four months to 2, and three months to 3 and 4. This will carry the work to the year 1800 by Christmas.

The instruction at present is by informal lectures. The material portions are copied by the student from condensed statements placed on the blackboard. Occasionally extracts are read from the more important documents. Recitations and frequent written tests are required.

MATHEMATICS.

PRESCOTT F. JERNEGAN, Teacher.

The treatment of the branch of this subject has been in general the same as with American pupils. The aim has been to secure skill in numerical computations and a proper understanding of the reasons for the steps in the solution of problems. Where a choice is possible, the attempt has been to lead the pupils to select the natural method of solution rather than to familiarize them with a variety of methods. Especial attention has been given to the metric system and its applications. American units of measurement, except those in most common use, have been omitted. MABEL BONSALL, Teacher.

INSULAR TRADE SCHOOL.

The following annual report is submitted by Principal R. P. Gleason: Perhaps a word at this time regarding the beginnings of the school will not be amiss.

During the latter part of September and early part of October, 1901, requisitions were sent in for the establishment of the departments of carpentry, drawing, and plumbing. Soon after four sets of carpenter tools of very heavy and poor pattern were secured in Manila, and some work in carpentry was done in the spring of 1902. During July, 1902, the instruments and supplies arrived from the United States for the drawing department, and classes were begun which, from the first, were very successful and well attended. In early August the tools for the carpenter shop arrived, and some of the plumbing tools, but it was not until June of this year that the order for plumbing tools was completely filled.

The following is a list of the departments in the trade school with the dates of starting: Telegraphy, February, 1902; drawing, July, 1902; English and mathematics, July, 1902; carpentry, August, 1902; plumbing, January, 1903.

Thus it will be seen that, excepting the class in telegraphy, the trade school has really been in operation but one year.

TELEGRAPHY.

The telegraphy department on November 1, 1902, had about 20 young men who were prepared to enter the telegraphy division of the Philippine Constabulary as operators, but owing to dissatisfaction in regard to their pay, only 5 could be found who would enlist, and many withdrew from the school. Since then, understanding better what would be expected of them, an older and steadier lot of students have presented themselves for work in this department, and what seemed at first a deathblow to the telegraphy class has really proved a gain.

Up to the present time 23 have graduated and have enlisted in the telegraphy division of the constabulary. They begin as second-class privates, at 30 pesos a month, with $4.16 clothing allowance monthly. From this they go through the grades of first-class private, at 40 pesos; corporal, at 50, and sergeant, at 60 pesos a month.

Of the 23, 2 are already sergeants, 1 is a corporal, 12 are first-class privates, and 8 are second-class privates. The latter have all enlisted within a month.

One entire line in the province of Zambales, that from Alaminos to Subig, is operated entirely by graduates of this school.

It may be of interest to note the fact that the Tagalogs do not seem to be interested in this work; also that most of our recruits come from Zambales and the Ilocos provinces.

A requisition for electrical supplies and materials is now being filled, and it is hoped that in a short time the students of this department may be given instruction in electrical work that they may understand some of the underlying principles of electricity.

DRAWING.

The mechanical and architectural department has been perhaps the most popular of all the departments. All students taking either carpentry or plumbing are expected to take drawing, and the drawing of these students is closely related to the work in the shops.

There are also some special students who are devoting all their time to drafting, excepting that devoted to English and mathematics.

Two men who were students of this department last year are now teachers of drawing in the Manila public schools; one is a draftsman at the biological laboratory on Calle Iris, and two were draftsmen in the office of the coast and geodetic survey, but one of these is now assistant instructor of drawing in the trade school.

CARPENTRY.

The carpentry department has not as yet sent out any students, but the classes are well filled with an older and more earnest body of young men, and in the near future we shall have some good men to take positions.

PLUMBING AND TINSMITHING.

The plumbing and tinsmithing department has been greatly hampered by lack of tools and supplies, and, as plumbing is a trade not generally known among the Filipinos, the classes have not been large, but an interest is growing, and when properly equipped there will no doubt be a good attendance. At present we have 11 pupils, and one man has already been given a position as a worker in the plumbing department of the bureau of architecture.

The work in this department has been most practical-for example, the making of drawing models of zinc; the laying of water pipes to the various rooms, so that a supply could be obtained for washing purposes; also making such things as are needed in the school.

ACADEMIC BRANCHES.

English and mathematics are required with every course and are made as practical as possible.

It will be seen that, though the trade school has been in existence but a year, results have been obtained, for, because of work done in the school, 29 young men have secured good positions in various lines of industry.

Besides the departments already mentioned, outfits have been ordered for blacksmithing, wood carving, electricity, stenography, and typewriting. Of these the wood-carving tools have arrived, and a Filipino wood carver from Paete, Laguna, is

expected daily. The requisition for tools for blacksmithing and electrical work has only partially been filled, and that of stenography and typewriting is still in the office of the general superintendent awaiting action.

The trade school needs most urgently new quarters in a more central location and needs a larger equipment, especially in the way of wood and iron working machinery, to be run by either steam or electrical power, preferably the latter.

Statistical report for July, 1903.

Total enrollment from June 15 to August 1, 1903

149

119

105

88.6

23

34

17

5

22

56

Average enrollment

Average daily attendance

Per cent daily attendance.

Total number of school days

Number enlisted as second-class privates, telegraphy division Philippine Constabulary

Number left (no reason given)

Number left, sickness (self or family)

3

10

5

5

11

34

WAR 1903-VOL 7--53