C. stipulàris Lam., the C. valentina of Lin., and Bot. Mag., t. 185., the C. hispánica of Mill., and our fig. 349., is a native of the south of Italy, and has deep yellow flowers, very fragrant at night, which are produced from March to November. It has been in cultivation since 1596, and grows to the height of 3 ft. in British gardens. C. pentaphylla Desf. is a native of Algiers, where it grows to the height of 4 ft. It was introduced in 1700, and flowers in June and July. C. glauca L. (Bot. Mag., t. 13., and our fig. 350.) is a native of France, about Narbonne. It was introduced in 1722, and grows to the height of 4 ft., producing its beautiful yellow flowers, which are fragrant in the day-time, but scentless at night, from May to September. C. argentea L. is a native of Candia, said to have been introduced in 1664; "a very doubtful plant." (Don's Mill., 2. p. 274.) C. multiflora Dec. Prod., 2. p. 310., is a native of Spain, with pale yellow flowers, and is, perhaps, only a variety of some of the other species. App. I. Hardy suffruticose Species of Hedysarea. Hedysarum fruticosum L. (Gmel. Sib., 4. t. 22.) is an erect plant, with somewhat shrubby branches, very handsome when in flower, and extremely useful in the deserts of Siberia, in fixing the sand. It has been in cultivation since 1792, and grows to the height of 3 ft. or 4 ft. App. II. Half-hardy ligneous Species of Hedysarea. The half-hardy species of this tribe are numerous; but, as most of them will live in a cold-pit, or even in the open garden, in the warmest parts of the south of England, we consider it advisable to notice at least one species of each genus. Hippocrèpis baleárica Jacq. (Bot. Mag., t. 427., and our figs. 351, 352.) is a native of Minorca, with the general appearance of Coronilla. It has been in the country since 1776, flowering in green-houses, and cold-pits, from May to July. hardy as Edwardsia microphylla, or more so; for a plant in the Exotic Nursery, King's Road, has stood out against a wall with a western exposure, and attained the height of 10 ft. A. uspallaténsis Gill (Sw. Brit. Fl. Gard., 2d ser. t. 222., is a slender, thorny, diminutive shrub, a native of Chili, introduced by Mr. Cuming in 1832. Its blossoms are of a rich yellow, streaked with red; and its legumes, when full grown, are adorned with long feathery hairs. Urària Desv. is a tropical geaus, one species of which, U. arborea G. Don, Hedysarum arboreum Hamill, is a native of Nepal, where it grows to a tree 12 ft. in height. Desmodium Dec. is a tropical genus, of which several species are natives of Nepal, and may probably be found half-hardy. The only ligneous species which is already introduced is D. retusum the trials that have been made of the proper mode of managing it, both by Mr. Gower and the Rev. John Coleman, by whom it was given to the former gentleman, it would appear that it succeeds best when treated as a hardy plant, and turned out into a peat border; for in such a situation it has now been two years in Mr. Gower's garden, and the plants continue to look very healthy, with a profusion of blossoms forming for next year. Kept in the green-house, it was sickly, and did not flower in the hands of Mr. Gower's gardener; but Mr. Coleman succeeded in blossoming it in a large pot in a greenhouse, and in inducing it to ripen its pods. Considering the climate of New Zealand is, in some places, so much like that of England, that some species, such as Edwardsia microphylla, will bear the rigour of our winters, it is not improbable that this may also prove a hardy plant: if so, its extraordinary beauty will render it one of the most valuable species that has been introduced of late years; and, even if it should be no hardier than Sutherlandia frutéscens, it will still form one of the most important and welcome of all the modern additions to our flower-gardens." (Hort. Trans., 2d ser. i. p. 521.) Sect. IV. PHASEO LEE. GENUS XIX. WISTA'RIA Nutt. THE WISTARIA. Lin. Syst. Diadélphia Decandria. Identification. Nutt. Gen. Amer., 2. p. 115.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 389.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 348. Synonymes. Glycine sp. L., Thyrsánthus Elliot, Kraúnhia Rafin. Derivation. Named in honour of Caspar Wistar, late Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania. (Don's Mill., ii. p. 348.) Nuttall first characterised and named this genus, from the American species, which he denominated W. speciòsa; but which De Candolle has changed to W. frutescens. In De Candolle's Prodromus, and some other works, Wistària is erroneously spelled Wistèria. Description, &c. Leaves impari-pinnate, without stipules. Flowers in terminal racemes, blue lilac; when young, attended by bracteas, which afterwards fall off. (Dec. Prod., ii. p. 390.) Deciduous twining shrubs, natives of North America, and China; of vigorous growth, and forming, when in flower, some of the most splendid ornaments of British gardens. They are quite hardy, will grow in any soil, and are generally propagated by layers of the young shoots, which will root at every joint if laid down during summer as they grow. They may also be propagated by cuttings of the roots; or by seeds. 1. W. FRUTE'SCENS Dec. The shrubby Wistaria. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 390.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 348. in 3 or 4 years, if planted in good soil, and in a favourable exposure it will attain the height of 20 ft. or 30 ft. It is readily propagated by cuttings of the root and by layers. Plants, in the London nurseries, are Is. 6d. each; at Bollwyller, 1 franc 15 cents; and at New York 37 cents. 2. W. CHINE'NSIS Dec. The Chinese Wistaria. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 390.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 348. Synonymes. Glycine chinensis Sims Bot. Mag., t. 2083; G. sinensis Ker Bot. Reg., t. 650.; Wistària Consequàna Loudon Gard. Mag., vol. ii. p. 422., vol. xi. p. 111., and in Hort. Brit. Engravings. Swt. Brit. Fl.-Gard., t. 211.; Bot. Mag., t. 2083.; Bot. Reg., t. 650.; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 773.; Gard. Mag., vol. ii. p. 422.; and our fig. 360. Spec. Char., &c. Wings of the corolla each with one auricle. Ovary villose. Flowers larger. (Dec. Prod., ii. p. 390.) A vigorousgrowing deciduous twiner; a native of China, introduced in 1816; flowering in British gardens in May and June, and sometimes producing a second crop of flowers in August. The flowers are larger than those of W. frutéscens: they are disposed in longer and looser racemes, and are somewhat paler in colour. On established plants they are produced in great abundance; but they have not yet been succeeded by seeds in England. This plant may truly be considered the most magnificent of all our hardy deciduous climbers. It will grow wherever the common 360 laburnum will flourish; but, as its flowers are somewhat more tender than those of that tree, they are more liable to be injured by frosts in very late springs. It was first brought to England by Capt. Robert Welbanke, in May, 1816; and in the same month, but a few days later, another plant was introduced by Capt. Richard Rawes. Both were obtained from the garden of Consequa, a generous, but unfortunate, merchant of Canton, of whom a biography will be found in the Gard. Mag., vol. xi. p. 111. One of the imported plants is in a pit in the garden of Rook's Nest, near Godstone in Surrey; but it is small when compared with one raised from it, which every one, who has ever entered the garden of the London Horticultural Society in May or June, for some years past, must have been struck with seeing against the wall. That plant has now (March, 1835) a stem the height of the wall (11 ft.), from which branches proceed on one side to the distance of 90 ft., and on the other to the distance of 70 ft. So vigorous is this plant, that there is no reason to suppose it will not, if allowed, extend to double or treble that distance. There can be no doubt but it is the most vigorous-growing, and abundantflowering climber in British gardens. Plants, which were originally sold at six guineas, now cost, in the London nurseries, from 1s. 6d. to 2s. 6d. each; at Bollwyller, they are 3 francs; and at New York, 3 dollars. App. i. Other Species of Wistària. W. floribunda Dec. Prod., 2. p. 390.; Dolichos polystachyus Thun. Jap., 281.; Houtt. Pf. Syst., 8. p. 563. t. 64. fig. 2.; Glycine floribunda Willd.; Dolichos japonicus Spreng.; Fudsi Kæmpf.; has the stems and leaves glabrous, the racemes of flowers very long, and the corolla purple and white mixed. This species has not been introduced, though it was conjectured by Mr. Sweet that the shoots from the roots of an imported plant in the Fulham Nursery might be of this species, because the leaves were quite different from those of the upper part of the plant, being hairy, while the others were smooth. Mr. Sweet thought it likely that one species had been grafted on another; but it has since been observed, that all the root-shoots from vigorous plants have hairy leaves. On these grounds it was that W. floribunda was recorded into our Hortus Britannicus as having been introduced in 1820, and described there as a trailer, with shoots 10 ft. in length. On similarly slight foundations, we have no doubt, many species have been recorded both at home and abroad. In the year 1829, we brought over some plants, and a packet of seeds, from Carlsruhe, the produce of a plant growing there against the end of a hot-house, flowering freely, and producing seeds every year. This plant had been received by M. Hartweg, the director of the garden, as the Glycine chinensis of Bot. Mag., t. 2083.; and, as when we saw it in November, 1828, it was without leaves, it appeared to us uncertain whether it was correctly named or not. Some of the plants raised from the seeds which we brought over, and gave to the Clapton Nursery, have since flowered and ripened seeds in the garden of F. Ber. nasconi, Esq., near Pinner (See Gard. Mag., vol. xii. p. 75. and p. 215.): but we received this in formation too late in the autumn of 1835, to be able to examine the plant, so as to determine any thing certain respecting its species. Possibly, it may be a new species; but we think it more probable, from the leaves of a plant in our own garden, also raised from the seeds we brought from Carlsruhe, which has not yet flowered, that it is nothing more than Wistària frutescens. App. I. Suffruticose hardy or half-hardy Species of Phaseòlea. Lupinus arboreus Sims (Bot. Mag., t. 628., and our fig. 361.), the tree lupine, is somewhat shrubby, and, as a standard, will grow to the height 361 of 6 ft. Its native country is unknown; but it has been in cultiva. tion in British gardens since 1793; and it produces its pale yellow flow ers in July and August. There is a large plant of it, trained against a wall, in the garden of the London Horticultural Society; but, though it grows as high as the wall, it cannot be considered as truly ligneous; and it is rather tender. Flowers fragrant. L. multiflorus Desrous., with azure blue flowers; L.álbifrons Benth. (B. Reg., t. 1642.), a shrubby Californian species, with deep blue flowers; L. Marshallianus Swt. Fl.-Gard.,2d ser. t. 139., and our fig. 362. ; L. canalicu latus Swt. Fl-Gard., 1st ser. t. 283.; L. versicolor Swt. Fl.-Gard., 2d. ser. t. 12.; L. pulchellus Swt. Fl-Gard., 2d. ser., t. 67.; are all technically + considered somewhat suffruticose, and will grow to the height of from 3 ft. to 6ft. when trained against other species described in Don's Miller, bearing the same general character, but most of which have not yet been introduced. App. II. Half-hardy Species of Phaseòlea. Dolichos lignòsus L. (Smith Spic., t. 21.) is a ligneous climber, with rose-coloured flowers, having a purplish keel, which is tolerably hardy: it has been an inhabitant of our green-houses since 1776, and flowers in July and August. Pachyrhizus trilobus Dec., Dolichos trilobus Lour., is a twining shrub, a native of China and Cochin-China, where it is cultivated for the tubers of its roots, which are cylindrical, being about 2 ft. long, and are boiled and eaten by the natives, in the same manner as yams are in the West Indies. The flowers are of a bright purple, with a yellow spot in the centre of the standard. This species has not yet been introduced. Mucuna macrocarpa Wall. (Pl. As. Rar., 1. p. 41. t. 47., and our fig. 363.) is a twining shrub, a native of Nepal, on the mountains. The flowers are party-coloured, the standard green, the wings purple, and the keel brown. The legumes are very large, as are the racemes of flowers. It has not yet been introduced, but, when it is, it will probably be found half-hardy or hardy. Erythrina Crista-galli L. (Smith Erot. Bot., 2. p. 95.; Swt. Fl.-Gard., p. 214.), the coral tree, is a splendid plant, a native of Brazil, where it grows to the height of 20 ft. In British gardens, it will grow at the base of a wall, with a little protection dur. ing winter, and produce its bright deep scarlet flowers from May to July. E. laurifolia Jacq., the E. Crista-gálli of Bot. Reg., t. $13, is considered by some as a species; and by others as a variety of E. Crista-gálli. It produces its rich but dull crimson flowers from July to September. No con servative wall ought to be without these plants, since they may be easily protected at the root by a little straw; and, even if killed down every year, they will produce shoots, which will terminate in long spikes of coral-like flowers every season. They require a deep sandy soil, somewhat rich; and are propagated by cuttings of the shoots, or division of the root. There are some other green-house species, 363 not yet introduced, which are probably equally hardy with the above; and, probably, many of the tove species would stand out with some protection. |