CAPRIFOLIA CEE. LONICERA. 1055 wood, being extremely hard, makes teeth for rakes, &c. Gmelin informs us that the Russians make an empyreumatic oil from the wood, which they recommend for cold tumours and chronic pains. Animals seldom touch the leaves. In hard weather birds eat the berries, which are reputed to be purgative and emetic. (Martyn's Mill.) According to Pallas, an empyreumatic oil is prepared from the branches when young; and the wood, which is extremely hard, and yields only in beauty to L. tatárica, is used for walking-sticks. It is one of the oldest and hardiest inhabitants of British shrubberies, having been in the Edinburgh Botanic Garden since 1683; but, certainly, it cannot be recommended for its beauty, in a country possessing such an extensive ligneous flora as we have in Britain. colder parts of Europe, about Stockholm and Petersburg, for example, it is valuable, because it endures the severest winters. garden, or rather park, at Munich, it is planted in masses and groups, along In the English with other masses and groups of Córnus álba, Salix vitellina, and Viburnum Opulus; and, in the winter time, the whitish-grey bark of its shoots contrasts finely with the red, yellow, or brown, bark of the other species. Varieties. In the L. X. 2 leucocárpa Dec. Prod., iv. p. 335., N. Du Ham., i. p. 52., has L. X. 3 xanthocarpa Dec., 1. c., N. Du Ham., 1. c., has the berries yellow. 22. L. FLEXUO'SA Thunb. The flexible-stemmed Honeysuckle. Identification. Thunb. in Lin. Trans., 2. p. 330., but not of Lodd., nor Ker; Don's Mill., 3. p. 449. Synonymes. L. nigra Thunb. Fl. Jap., p. 89., but not of Lin.; L. brachypoda Dec. Prod., 4. p. 335. Spec. Char., &c. Erect, branched. Branches very villous at the apex. Leaves ovate-oblong, acute, on short petioles, glabrous; petioles villous; nerves of leaves puberulous. Flowers axillary, few, almost sessile. Berries globose, glabrous. Stems flexuous. Leaves about an inch long; upper ones the smallest. Peduncles hardly a line long. Berries distinct, ovate, acuminated, black. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 449.) A shrub, growing to the height of from 4 ft. to 5 ft., a native of Japan; which was introduced in 1806, and flowers in June and July. a. Hardy Species of Lonicera, belonging to the Division Chamacérasi of the Section Xylosteum, not yet introduced. L. hispida Pall., Led. Fl. Ross. Alt. Ill., t. 212., is a native of Siberia, growing to the height of 2 ft. or 3 ft.. with hispid branches, and pendulous greenish white flowers, which are succeeded by dark purple berries. C. Berries either distinct or joined together. Corolla very gibbous at the Base. Derivation. From kuphos, gibbous, and anthos, a flower; in reference to the flower being gibbous on one side at the base. 23. L. INVOLUCRA TA Banks. The involucrated Honeysuckle. Identification. Banks Herb. ex Spreng. Syst., 1. p. 759.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 336.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 449. Synonyme. Xylósteum involucràtum Richards. in Frank. First Journ., ed. 1., append. p. 6. Engravings. Our figs. 817, 818, 819. Spec. Char., &c. Erect. Branches acutely tetragonal. Leaves ovate or oval, petiolate, membranous, beset with appressed hairs beneath. Peduncles axillary, 2-3-flowered. Bracteas 4; two outer ovate, two inner broad, obcordate, at length widening, clothed with glandular pubescence. Corolla pubescent, gibbous at the base on the outside; yellowish, tinged with red. Style exserted. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 449.) A shrub, 2 ft. to 3 ft. 4 A high, native of North-west America, between lat. 54° and 64° (but probably confined to the vicinity of the Saskatchawan); thence to the Rocky Mountains. It was introduced in 1824, and flowers in May. a. Hardy Species of Lonicera belonging to the Division Cuphántha of the Section Xylósteum, which are not yet introduced. L. gibbosa Willd., Xylósteum mexicanum H. B. et Kunth, is a native of Mexico, in woods, with the corolla scarlet. L. Mociniana Dec., L. gibbòsa Moc. et Sesse, is a native of Mexico, very nearly allied to the preceding species, but differs in the corolla being yellowish, and, when decaying, of a blood colour, permanent, and jagged, with the bracteas spreading. The berries are globose, and of a dark purple. L. Ledebourii Eschsch., Don's Mill., 3. p. 449. A native of California, so nearly allied to L. involu cràta, as hardly to be distinguishable from it. D. Berries two on each Peduncle, joined together in one, which is bi-umbilicate at the Apex. Erect branching Shrubs.-Isika Adans. Derivation. A name, the origin of which is unknown, employed by Adanson to designate this division of the genus. 24. L. ALPI GENA H. The alpine Honeysuckle. Identification. Lin. Sp., 248.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 336.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 449. 820 Synonymes. Caprifolium alpinum Lam. Fl. Fr.; Caprifolium alpigenum Gartn. Fruct., 1. p. 136.; Isika alpigena Börck.; Isica lucida Manch; Xylósteum alpígenum Lodd. Cat.; Chamæcérasus alpígena Delarb.; Cherry Woodbine; Heckenkirsche, Ger. Engravings. Jacq. Fl. Aust., t. 274.; N. Du Ham., 1. t. 16.; Mill. Icon., t. 167. f. 2.; Lob. Icon., t. 173.; and our figs. 820, 821. Spec. Char., &c. Erect. Leaves oval-lanceolate, or elliptic; acute, glabrous, or pubescent, on very short petioles, rather ciliated. Peduncles 2-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Corolla gibbous at the base, and greenish yellow tinged with red or purple. Berries red, and of the size and appearance of those of a cherry; whence it is called cherry woodbine by Johnson. Leaves large. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 449.) A shrub, from 3 ft. to 5 ft. high, a native of the middle and south of Europe, in subalpine places and mountains. Introduced in 1596, and flowering in April and May. One of the oldest and hardiest of our shrubs, and of the easiest propagation and culture. 25. L. (A.) MICROPHY'LLA Willd. The small-leaved Honeysuckle. Identification. Dec. Prod., 4. p. 336.; Willd. Rel. in Rom. et Schult. Syst., 5. p. 258. ; Don's Mill., S p. 450. Synonyme. L. alpígena Sievers. Engraving. Led. Fl. Ross. Alt. Ill., t. 213. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves elliptic, acute at both ends, glaucous beneath, rather villous on both surfaces, and sometimes rounded at the base. Peduncles 2-flowered, and shorter than the leaves. Corollas greenish yellow. Berries joined, of a reddish orange colour. The epidermis falls from the branches. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 450.) A shrub, 3 ft. or 4 ft. high; a native of Eastern Siberia, and introduced in 1818. Obviously a variety of the preceding species. 26. L. OBLONGIFO`LIA Hook. The oblong-leaved Honeysuckle. Identification. Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 284. t. 100.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 450. Synonyme. Xylósteum oblongifolium Goldie in Edin. Phil. Journ., 6. p. 232. Engravings. Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. t. 100.; and our fig. 822. Spec. Char., &c. Erect, Leaves oblong, or oval, clothed with velvety pubescence beneath. Peduncles elongated, erect. Bracteas obsolete. Tube of corolla hairy, gibbous at the base on one side. Limb unequal, deeply 2-lipped; the upper lip 4-toothed, and the lower one nearly entire. Berries joined in one, which is bi-umbilicate at the top, bluish black in the dried state, and about the size of a pea. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 450.) A shrub, growing to the height of 4 ft. or more, native of North America, in the Island of Montreal, in the St. Lawrence, about Montreal, Lake Winnipeg, and of the western parts of the state of New York. It was introduced in 1823, and flowers in April and May. There are plants in the Horticultural Society's Garden. 27. L. CERULEA L. The blue-berried Honeysuckle. Identification. Lin. Sp., 349.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 337.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 450. Synonymes. L. villosa Muhi. Cat., p. 22., Hook. et Arn, in Beech. Voy. Pt. Bot., 1. p. 115.; Xylósteon villosum Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 106., Richards. in Frankl. First Journ., ed. 2., append. p. 6.; X. Solbnis Eaton Man. Bot., p. 518.; L. velutina Dec. Prod., 4. p. SS7.; L. altaica Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 37.; Xylosteum cæruleum canadense Lam. Dict., 1. p. 731.; X. canadense Du Ham. Arb., 2. p. 373.; Caprifolium cæruleum Lam. Fl. Fr., and Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836; Chamæcérasus cærulea Delarb. Fl. Au.; L. pyrenaica Pall. Fl. Ross., p. 58.; L. Pallasii Led. Fl. Ross. Alt. Ill., t. 181. Engravings. Jacq. Fl. Aust. Append., 5. t. 17.; Sims Bot. Mag., t. 1975.; Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 37. ; Led. Fl. Ross. Alt. Ill., t. 131.; and our figs. 823, 824. 823 Spec. Char., &c. Erect. Leaves oval-oblong, ciliated, stiffish, densely clothed with pubescence while young. Peduncles short, 2-flowered, reflexed in the fructiferous state. Bracteas 2, subulate, longer than the ovaria. Tube of corolla glabrous, short, gibbous on one side at the base; lobes of limb short, nearly equal. Berries closely joined in one, which is bi-umbilicate at the apex. Flowers greenish yellow, tubular. Berries elliptic or globose, dark blue, and covered with a kind of bloom. + 824 American and European plants of this species. (Don's Mill., 3. p. 450.) A shrub, growing to the height of from 3 ft. to 5 ft.; native of Europe, in France, Switzerland, Austria, &c., on the mountains; throughout the woody country of British North America, and as far as lat. 66° to the mountains in the west, Labrador, Newfoundland, and Hudson's Bay; in the states of New York, Massachusetts, New Hampshire; and of Siberia and Kamtschatka. It was introduced in 1629, and flowers in March and April. 28. L. (c.) ORIENTA`LIS Lam. The Oriental Honeysuckle. Identification. Lam. Dict., 1. p. 731.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 357.; Bieb. Fl. Taur. et Suppl., No. 396.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 450. Synonymes. L. caucásica Pall. Fl. Ross.,1. p. 57.; L. cærulea Güld. Itin., 1. p. 423., ez Pall.; Chamæcerasus orientàlis laurifolia Tourn. Cor., p. 42. Spec. Char., &c. Erect. Leaves on very short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, acute, quite entire, smoothish, peduncles 2-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Bracteas 2, setaceous. Berries joined in one, didymous and bi-umbilicate at the apex, 10-seeded. Berries black (Lam., Bieb.), dark blue (Pall.). Leaves stiffish, veiny, larger than in L. cærulea. Flowers greenish yellow. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 450.) A shrub, growing to the height of from 3 ft. to 5 ft.; native of Iberia and Asia Minor, in woods. It was introduced in 1825, and flowers from April to June. Judging from the plants in the Hackney arboretum, it appears to be a variety of the preceding sort. 29. L. IBERICA Bieb. The Georgian Honeysuckle. Identification. Bieb. Fl. Taur., and Suppl., 395.; Stev. Mém. Soc. Mosc., 3. p. 257.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 337.; Don's Mill., 3. P 450. Synonyme. Xylósteon ibéricum Bieb. Cent. Pl. Rar., 1. t 13., ex Suppl., and Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Engraving. Bieb. Cent. Fl. Rar., 1. t. 13., ex Suppl. Spec. Char., &c. Erect. Leaves petiolate, cordate, roundish, tomentose, or pubescent. Peduncles 2-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Bracteas oblong, ciliated. Berries joined together to the middle, globose. Corollas lucid, of the form of those of L. alpígena. Ovarium tomentose. Berries bloodcoloured. Leaves like those of Cotoneaster vulgàris. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 450.) A shrub, growing to the height of from 3 ft. to 4 ft.; native of Georgia, about Teflis. It was introduced in 1824, and flowers in April and May. a. Hardy Species of the Genus Lonicera belonging to the Division Isìkæ of the Section Xylosteum, not yet introduced. L. Webbiana Wall. (Dec. Prod., 4. p. ¡336.; Royle Illust., p. 236.) is a native of the East Indies, in Sirinagur, with the habit of L. alpígena. L. Govaniana Wall. (Dec. Prod., p. 337.) is a native of Sirmore, in the East Indies, and is nearly allied to L. alpígena. L. angustifolia Wall. (Dec. Prod., 4. p. 337.) is a native of Nepal, with the branches smooth, and the leaves 15 lines long, and 4 lines broad. Corolla pale. Some other species, not sufficiently known, but presumed to be hardy, natives of the East Indies and of Chili, are enumerated in Don's Miller and Royle's Illustrations, to which we refer the curious collector. GENUS V. SYMPHORICA'RPOS Dill. THE ST. PETER'S WORT. Lin. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. Identification. Dill. Elth., p. 371.; Juss. Gen., p. 211.; Moench Meth., p. 502.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 338. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 451. Synonymes. Symphoricarpa Neck. Elem., p. 220.; Symphòria Pers. Ench., 1. p. 214.; Anisánthus Willd. Rel.; Lonicera sp. Lin. Derivation. From sumphoreo to accumulate, and karpos, fruit; species bearing the fruit in groups. How it obtained the name of St. Peter's Wort we have not been able to ascertain. Description, &c. Bushy deciduous shrubs, of the easiest culture in common garden soil, and readily increased by suckers, which they throw up in abundance. Price of plants, in London, from 6d. to 1s. each; at Bollwyller, 50 cents; and at New York, 37 cents. 1. S. VULGARIS Michx. The common St. Peter's Wort. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 100.; Dec. Prod, 4. p. $39.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 451. Synonymes. Lonicera Symphoricarpos Lin. Sp., 249.; S. parviflora Desf. Cat.; Symphòria conglomeràta Pers. Ench., 1. p. 214.; Symphòria glomerata Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., p. 162. Engravings. Schmidt Baum., t. 115.; Dill. Elth., t. 278. f. 360.; Hort. Angl., t. 20.; and our fig. 825. 825 Spec. Char., &c. Flowers disposed in axillary capitate clusters, composed of nearly sessile racemules. Corolla white. Berries red, size of hempseed; but, in America, according to Pursh, the flowers are small, red and yellow, and the berries purple. Branches brown, smooth. Leaves elliptic ovate, obtuse, glaucous, and pubescent beneath. The berries are numerous, and ripen in winter. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 451.) A shrub, growing to the height of from 3 ft. to 6 ft.; native of Virginia, Čarolina, and Pennsylvania, in sandy dry fields. It was introduced in 1730, and flowers in August and September. Variety. S. v. 2 folüs variegatis, S. glomerata foliis 2. S. RACEMO'sus Michx. The racemose-flowered St. Peter's Wort, or Snowberry. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 107.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 339.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 451. Spec. Char., &c. Flowers disposed in nearly terminal, loose, iii. p. 451.) A shrub, growing to the height of from 4 ft. to 8 ft.; native of North America, on mountains near Lake Mistassins, and on the banks of the Missouri; in Upper Canada it is abundant about the Saskatchawan, on the banks of the Columbia, and at Puget's Sound and Nootka Sound, north-west coast. It was introduced in 1817, and flowers from July to September. The flowers are succeeded by white fruit, about the size of a large black currant, but elliptical in form, which remain on the bush even after the leaves have dropped, and make a very fine appearance. In small gardens, this shrub is rather troublesome, from the numerous suckers it throws up from the roots; but, as its flowers are much sought after by bees, and its berries are excellent food for game (See Gard. Mag., ix. p. 699., and x. p. 432.), that habit, when it is planted for these purposes, is found rather advantageous than otherwise. For gardens, it might be desirable to graft it on Lonicera Xylósteum, or some allied species of suitable habit. So grafted, standard high, it would form a very elegant small tree. App. i. Hardy Species of Symphoricarpos not yet introduced. S. occidentalis Richards. (Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., i. 285.) is a native of British North America, in the woody country between lat. 540 and 64°, and known under the name of wolfberry. Dr. Richardson remarks of this plant, that it approaches very near to S. racemòsus; and Sir W. J. Hooker says, "Among the numerous specimens in the herbarium, are some which appear almost as much allied to one species as the other: but the majority of the individuals of the two species are readily enough distinguished; those belonging to the S. occidentalis, by their larger, less glaucous, more rigid, and denser foliage (some of the leaves being 2 in. long); by the flowers arranged in dense drooping spikes, larger than in S. racemòsus; and by the prominent style and stamens." (Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., i. p. 285.) We have given this quotation to show the very uncertain grounds on which what are called species are established; and, perhaps, it cannot be otherwise, so long as botanists are obliged to form their opinions from dried specimens. There is scarcely any tree or shrub that, by culture in different soils and situations, could not be made to vary in magnitude, and other particulars, as much as, or more than, is stated to be the case with these dried specimens of Symphoricarpos. We are very much inclined to think that, if the species of all the genera of Caprifoliacea were cultivated for some years in the same garden, they would be reduced to less than half their present number. |