11. L. CILIO'SA Poir. The ciliated-leaved Honeysuckle. Identification. Poir. Suppl., 5. p. 612.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 332.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 446. Synonymes. Caprifolium cilidsum Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 160.; L. ciliata Dietr. Lex. Suppl., 4. p. 263. Spec. Char., &c. Plant twining; upper part of the branches hairy on one side. Leaves coriaceous, reticulated, ovate, on short petioles, glaucous beneath, and ciliated on the margins: upper ones connately perfoliate. Spikes composed of approximate verticillate heads of nearly sessile flowers; tube of corolla hairy, ventricose in the middle; limb nearly equal. Flowers deep yellow. Peduncles beset with glandular hairs. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 446.) A twining shrub; a native of North America, on the banks of the Kooskoosky. Introduced in 1825, and flowering in July. There are plants of this species in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges. 312. L. OCCIDENTALIS Hook. The Western Honeysuckle. Identification. Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 282.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 446. Synonymes. Caprifolium occidentale Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1457.; Caprifolium cilidsum Douglas MSS. Engraving. Bot Reg., t. 1457. Spec. Char., &c. Twining. Leaves oval, almost sessile, glabrous, ciliated, glaucous beneath; upper ones connately perfoliate. Flowers disposed in verticillate heads. Corolla glabrous, with an elongated tube, which is gibbous above the base; the limb nearly equal. Stamens almost inclosed. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 446.) The flowers are larger than in any other British North American species, and of a full orange red. Branches and peduncles glabrous. A twining shrub, a native about Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia. Introduced in 1824, and flowering in June and July. A great acquisition to our gardens; and quite different from L. pubescens, L. parviflora, and L. Douglas; and, if the presence or absence of hairs in the corolla are to be depended on, it is also different from L. ciliòsa, which inhabits nearly the same country. L. pilosa Willd. Dec. Prod., 4. p. 233.; Caprifolium villòsum H. B. et Kunth Nov. Gen. Amer., 3. p. 427. t. 298. ; is a native of New Spain, in cold places, with purple flowers, not yet introduced. § ii. Xylósteum Dec. Identification. Dec. Prod., 4. p. 333.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 446. bone. Sect. Char., &c. Pedicels axillary, 2-flowered, bibracteate at the apex. Berries, twin, distinct, or joined together more or less; 3-celled in the young state; rarely 2-celled in the adult state. The limb of the calyx is generally deciduous, therefore the fruit is usually not crowned. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 446.) Climbing or erect shrubs, with leaves never connate. In British gardens, they are of the easiest culture, and extremely hardy. A. Ovaries and Berries altogether distinct. Stems scandent. Flowers irregular. - Nintoòa Dec. Prod., iv. p. 33. Derivation. Nintoo, or Sintoo, is the name of L. japónica in China. 13. L. CONFU'SA Dec. The confused Honeysuckle. Identification. Dec. Prod., 4. p. 333.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 446 Synonymes. Nintoda confusa Swt. Hort. Brit., ed. 2.; Lonicera japónica Andr. Bot. Rep., t. 583.; Ker Bot. Reg., t. 70., Delaun. Herb. Amat., t. 132, but not of Thunb.; Nintoo, Sintoo, Kampf. Aman., 5. p. 785.; Caprifolium japonicum Loud. Hort. Brit. Engravings. Andr. Bot. Rep., t. 583.; Bot. Reg., t. 70.; Delaun. Herb. Amat., t. 132,; and our fig. 808. Spec. Char., &c. Branches twining, pubescent. Leaves ovate, acute, rounded at the base, downy on both surfaces, as well as the peduncles. Peduncles axillary, longer than the petioles, 2-flowered, opposite, disposed in something like a thyrsis at the tops of the branches. Calycine segments ovate, and, as well as the corollas, pubescent. The flowers are snow-white at first, but gradually change to a golden yellow colour; hence it is called Suikadsara and Kinginqua, that is gold and silver flowers, by the Japanese. Corolla about an inch long, bilabiate. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 447.) A twining shrub, native of Japan, China, and the Himalayas. Introduced in 1805, and flowering in July. It is somewhat tender; nevertheless, it will grow and flower freely against an open wall in the neighbourhood of London; and the extraordinary fragrance of its flowers, which are produced in the greatest abundance, well entitles it to a place in every collection. A plant has stood against a wall in the Horticultural Society's Garden since 1828. 14. L. LONGIFLO`RA Dec. The long-flowered Honeysuckle. Identification. Dec. Prod., 4. p. 333.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 447. Synonymes. Caprifolium longiflorum Sabine ex Lindl. Bot. Reg., 1232.; Nintoda longiflora Swt. Hort. Brit., ed. 2.; Caprifolium japonicum D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep., 140.; Caprifolium nepalénse G. Don in Loud. Hort. Brit., 79. Engraving. Bot. Reg., t. 1232. Spec. Char., &c. Glabrous in every part. Branches twining. Leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, shining above, and pale beneath. Peduncles short, 2-flowered, about the length of the petioles. Tube of corolla very long and filiform; limb bilabiate. Flowers several inches long, at first snowwhite, but finally changing to a golden yellow colour. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 447.) A twining shrub, a native of China and Nepal. Introduced in 1826, and Howering from July to September. 15. L. JAPONICA Thunb. The Japan Honeysuckle. Identification. Thunb. Fl. Jap., p. 89.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 447. Synonymes. Nintoòa japonica Swt. Hort. Brit., ed. 2.; L. chinensis Hort. Kew., Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 117., and Dec. Prod., 4. p. 333.; L. flexuosa Lodd. Bot. Cab., 1037., Ker, Bot. Reg., 712., but not of Thunb.; L. glabrata Roxb.; Caprifolium chinense Loud. Hort. Brit.; C. flexuosum Hort. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 117.; Bot. Cab., t. 1037.; Bot. Reg., t. 712.; and our figs. 809, 810. 810 Spec. Char., &c. Stems twining, flexuous, hairy. Branchlets opposite, very hairy, bearing 2 leaves and 2 sessile flowers at the base of each. Leaves about an inch long, petiolate, ovate, acutish, villous, pale beneath; uppermost ones the smallest. Corolla tubular, irregular, about an inch long, red, and villous on the outside, and white inside, sweet-scented, equal in length to the stamens. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 447.) A twining shrub. A native of China, Japan, and the Himalayas. Introduced in 1806, and flowering in July and September. This is, perhaps, the most valuable species of the genus, next to the indigenous one. It is evergreen, apparently as hardy as the common woodbine, and of far more robust habit of growth; and, probably, a much longer-lived plant. Its flowers, which are produced for several months together, are exceedingly fragrant; and, by pruning and watering, it may be kept in flower in the open garden from April to November, and in a conservatory throughout the year. No garden whatever, whether large or small, should be without this species. Plants, in the London nurseries, are Is. each; at Bollwyller, 3 francs; and at New York, 1 dollar. Plants in pots are much to be preferred, though they are one half dearer; because, if they are turned out into a large mass of prepared light rich soil, and placed against a wall, the ball being broken, and the roots spread carefully out in every direction, the shoots will cover several square yards of wall the first summer, and flower abundantly. a. Hardy Species of Lonicera belonging to the Division Nintoòa of the Section Xylósteum, not yet introduced. L. cochinchinensis Don's Mill., iii. p. 447.; L. Xylósteum Lour.; is a twining shrub, with a much-branched stem, and ovate leaves, a native of CochinChina, among bushes and hedges. L. Telfairii Hook et Arn., Don's Mill., iii. p. 447.; L. Periclýmenum Lour.; is a native of China, closely allied, on the one hand, to L. confùsum Dec., from which it differs in the leaves being smooth above, and in the shorter peduncles; and, on the other, to L. Lechenaúltä Wall., which, however, is said to have ovate-subcordate ciliated leaves, and villous branches. L. Lechenaultii Wall., Don's Mill., iii. p. 447., has twining stems, axillary flowers, and is found on the Neellgherry Mountains. L. glabrata Wall., Don's Mill., iii. p. 447.; L. nìgra Thunb.; is a native of Nepal, with twining branches and ovate leaves, glaucous beneath. L. acuminata Wall., Don's Mill., iii. p. 447., is a native of the Himalayas, with twining stems, and flowers like those of L. Xylósteum. L. diversifolia Wall., Don's Mill., iii. p. 448., is a native of the East Indies, on Mount Gurval, with twining branches, and flowers resembling those of L. Xylósteum, both in size and colour. The leaves are ovate and cuspidate, and about 3 in. long, pubescent above, and villous beneath. L. ligústrina Wall., Don's Mill., iii. p. 448.; Xylósteum ligústrinum D. Don.; X. Naisòca Hamilt.; is a native of Nepal, on the mountains and in the woods, with the branches slender, twining, and covered with ash grey, shining, smooth bark, and leaves like those of the privet. L. lanceolata Wall., Don's Mill., iii. p. 448., is an erect, bushy shrub, with berries about the size and colour of black currants; a native of Nepal, at Gosainthan. L. canescens Schousb., Don's Mill., iii. p. 448.; L. biflòra Desf.; is a native of hedges about Mogador, on Mount Trara in Mauritania, and of Sicily, near Palermo, with twining branches, which, with the leaves, are canescent from down. The flowers are in peduncles, which are longer than the petioles, and the corolla is velvety on the outside. L. bracteata Royle Illust., p. 237., has the leaves ovate-lanceolate, the peduncles axillary and 2-flowered, with broad foliaceous bracteas, which, before the expansion of the flowers, half conceal the flower buds. Mr. Royle remarks that this is a singular species, so closely allied to Leycestèria, that it might almost be referred to that genus. The names of several other species of Lonicera are given in Royle's Illustrations, as found in the Himalayas; but none of them, except those already mentioned, are described in published works, or introduced into British gardens. B. Berries distinct, or usually connate together at the Base, and diverging at the Tip. Corolla hardly gibbous at the Base, or equal. — Chamæcérasi Dec. Derivation. The name signifies a kind of false cherry: the fruit of some of the species resemble cherries. (Dec. Prod., iv. p. 335.) 16. L. TATA RICA Lin. The Tartarian Honeysuckle. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1. p. 247.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 335.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 448. Engraving. Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 36.; Jacq. Icon. Rar., t. 37.; Bot. Reg., t. 31.; Guimp. Abb. Holz., t. 87.; and our figs. 811, 812. at Leaves cordate-ovate, hardly acute. Spec. Char., &c. Quite glabrous, erect. 811 (Don's Mill., p. 448.) A shrub, a L. t. 2 albiflora Dec. Prod., iii. L. t. 3 rubriflora Dec., 1. c.; L. grandiflorum Lodd. Cat.; L. 812 sibírica Hortul. ex Pers. Ench. Flowers and L. t. 4 lùtea Lodd. Cat. has yellowish flowers and yellow fruit. Culture, &c. This is one of the most hardy of European shrubs, and one of the few which grow in the open gardens of Petersburg and Stockholm, without protection during winter. It flowers about Petersburg in June, and about London in April, having begun to put out its leaves in January. In Siberia, Pallas informs us, the berries, though bitter, nauseous, and purgative, are eaten by the common people. The wood, which, when deprived of its bark, is beautifully veined, is used for walking-sticks; and the plant being frequented by the Méloe vesicatòrius L. (Cántharis vesicatòria Geoff.), that insect is collected from it for the apothecaries. In British gardens, the plant is very common, and it is valued for its early leafing and flowering. It will in any soil, and almost in any situation. It is readily propagated by cuttings. 17. L. (T.) NIGRA L. The black-fruited Honeysuckle. grow Identification. Lin. Sp., 247.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 335.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 449. 813 814 Spec. Char., &c. Erect. Leaves oval-oblong, or elliptic, on short petioles, rather villous when young, but nearly glabrous in the adult state. Peduncles 2-flowered, elongated, shorter than the leaves. Corolla reddish, and pubescent on the outside, but whitish on the inside. Bracteas 4, under the ovaries; the two outer ones lanceolate, and the inner quadrifid. Berries black, globose, joined together at the side. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 449.) A shrub, from 3 ft. to 4 ft. high; a native of middle Europe, in subalpine woods, as in France, Switzerland, Austria, Silesia, Piedmont, &c. It was introduced in 1597, and flowers from March to May. It is of the easiest culture and propagation in any common soil. The plant in the Horticultural Society's Garden was, in 1835, after being seven years planted, 5 ft.high. Variety. L.? (t.) n. 2 campaniflòra; Xylósteum campaniflorum Lodd. Cab., t. 1361.; and our figs. 813, 814.; has the flowers bell-shaped. 18. L. (T.) CILIA TA Mühl. The ciliated-leaved Honeysuckle. Identification. Mühl. Cat., p. 22.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 335.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 448. Synonymes. Xylósteum ciliatum Farsh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 161.; L. tatarica Michx. Fl. Amer., 1. p. 166., but not of Lin.; L. canadénsis Rem. et Schult. Syst., 5. p. 260. Spec. Char., &c. Erect. Leaves ovate or oblong, cordate, thin, ciliated, villous beneath in the young state. Peduncles elongated. Bracteas 2, ovate, three times shorter than the ovaries, which are distinct. Corolla bluntly spurred at the base; with short, nearly equal, lobes. Berries distinct, red, divaricate. Flowers white, with a tinge of red or yellow; tube ventricose above; limb with short acute segments; style protruded. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 448.) A shrub, from 4 ft. to 6 ft. high, a native of North America, on mountains among rocks, in rich soils; from Canada to Virginia, and throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. It was introduced in 1824, and, in British gardens, flowers in June and July. It is of the easiest culture in any soil, and is readily propagated by cuttings. The whiteflowered variety mentioned by Pursh, is said to be Vaccínium álbum. 609. 19. L. PYRENAICA L. The Pyrenean Honeysuckle. Identification. Lin. Sp., p. 248.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 335.; Don's Mill., S. p. 448. Synonymes. Caprifolium pyrenaicum Lam. Fl. Fr., 3. p. 366.; Xylosteum pyrenaicum Tourn. Inst., Spec. Char., &c. Glabrous, erect. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, acute, glaucous beneath. Peduncles 2-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Bracteas oblonglinear, foliaceous. Flowers almost regular. Berries globose, distinct. Corolla white, twice the size of that of L. Xylósteum, funnel-shaped. Limb 5-cleft, flat; with equal, ovate, obtuse segments. (Don's Mill., iii. P. 448.) A shrub, growing to the height of from 4 ft. to 5 ft., a native of the Pyrenees, on calcareous rocks, in exposed situations. Introduced in 1739, and flowering in May. A very hardy shrub, of easy culture, and frequent in collections. 20. L. PUNI CEA Sims. The crimson-flowered Honeysuckle. Identification. Sims Bot. Mag., t. 2469.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 335.; Synonyme. Symphoricarpos puniceus Swt. Spec. Char., &c. Erect. Leaves ovate, subcordate 815 21. L. XYLO'STEUM L. The bony-wooded, or upright, Fly Honeysuckle. Identification. Lin. Sp., 248.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 335.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 448. Synonymes. Caprifolium dumetòrum Lam. Fl. Fr., 3. p. 367.; Xylósteum dumetdrum Manch Spec. Char., &c. Erect, downy. Leaves ovate, acute, petiolate, soft. Peduncles 2 flowered, shorter than the leaves. Bracteas hairy, double; the two outer ones lanceolate, spreading; inner a small concave scale under each germ. Berries oval, distinct, 1-celled, 6-seeded. Flowers small, creamcoloured, downy. Calyx of 5 obtuse lobes. Berries scarlet. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 449.) A shrub, growing to the height of from 8 ft. to 10 ft., flowering in July; and, according to Sir J. E. Smith, of " little beauty, and no known utility, though common in plantations." It is a native throughout nearly the whole of Europe, even to Caucasus, in thickets, hedges and rocky places, and by the sides of woods. It has been found in a few situations in Britain, but is a very doubtful native. Linnæus says that it makes excellent hedges in a dry soil; that the clear parts between the joints of the shoots are used, in Sweden, for tobacco-pipes; and that the |