A native of North America, from Canada to Georgia, in swamps, particularly on a sandy soil ; found about Quebec, and on the banks of the Saskatchawan, and of Newfoundland; and forming a shrub, growing from 6 ft. to 10 ft. high, and producing its flowers in May and June. Intro. duced in 1752. Sir W. J. Hooker says of this species, that he cannot satisfy himself of permanently distinguishing characters between it and

V. Lentàgo and V. prunifolium. Variety.

783 V.(L.) n. 2 squamatum; V. squamàtum Willd.

Ènum., Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 24.; and
our fig. 784.; has the surface, midribs, and

petioles of the leaves
scaly (whence its
name), and their mar-
gins crenate, subden-
tate.

The peduncles
and pedicels are also
covered with minute
ferruginous scales; and
the leaves are smaller,

and of a bluer green 784

than those of V.nùdum. 4 6. V. CASSINOI'DES L. The Cassine-like Viburnum. Identification. Lin. Sp., p. 384.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 326.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 440.; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Synonyme. V. punctatum Rafin. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute at both ends, crenated, gla

brous above, with subrevolute edges. Under side of leaves, as well as the petioles, which are keeled, and branches, which are tetragonal, covered with scurfy dots. Corymbs sessile. Flowers white. Berries ovate, and bluish black. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 440.) A native of North America, from New York to Carolina, in swamps; where it forms a shrub growing to the height of from 3 ft. to 5 ft. high, and flowering in June and July. It was introduced in 1761; and, in British gardens, attains the height of 10 ft. or 12 ft. ; forming a handsome durable shrub, which increases slowly in size after it is 5 ft. or 6 ft. high. There are plants in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and at Messrs. Loddiges.

*4 7. V.(c.) LÆVIGA'TUM Willd. The smooth Viburnum, Identification. Willd. Sp., 1. p. 1491. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 326.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 440. Synonymes. ). cassinöides Du Roi Harbk., 2. p. 486.; V. lanceolatum Hill, Hort. Kew., t. 19. ;

Cassine parágua Lin. Mant., 220.; Cassine corymbosa Miu. Icon., t. 83. f. 1.
Engraving. Mill. Icon., t. 83. f. 1.
Spec. Char., &c. Leaves lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, smooth, remotely

or unequally serrated, cuneated at the base, and quite entire, glabrous. Branches tetragonally 2-edged, and also glabrous. Corymbs sessile. Flowers white. Berries black. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 440.). A native of Virginia and Carolina, near the sea coast; where it forms a shrub, growing to the height of from 10 ft. to 14 ft., and flowering in June and July. It was introduced in 1724; and, in British gardens, is commonly left to take the form of a robust bulky shrub; but it may readily be trained into a handsome small tree. Culture the same as that of the preceding species.

+

+

Spec. Char., &c. Leaves cordate, rounded, finely serrated, veiny, clothed beneath, but more sparingly on the upper side, with starry mealy pubescence, like that on the branches, petioles, and peduncles. Cymes pedunculate, broad, flat, of numerous crowded white Howers. Bracteas several, small, acute. A low

785 treet with copious, opposite, round, pliant, mealy branches. Under side of leaves and branches white from mealy down. Berries compressed in an early state, red on the outer side, yellow, and finally black, with a little mealy astringent pulp. (Don's

Mill., iii. p. 441.) Varieties. ÞY V. L. 2 grandifolia Ait., V. L. latifolia Lodd. Cat., has leaves larger

than those of the species, and, according to some, ought to constitute

a separate species itself. (See No. 10.) 24 V. L. 3 fòlüs variegatis Lodd. Cat. has leaves variegated with white

and yellow. Description, 8c. A shrub, or low tree; a native of Europe and the West of Asia, in low woods and hedges, and chiefly on calcareous soils. In a state of culture, in good free soil, it forms a handsome, durable, small tree, 18 ft. or 20 ft. in height; with large broad leaves, and ample heads of white flowers, which are succeeded by fruit, at first green, afterwards red, and finally black. The fruit is greedily eaten by birds, is not unpleasant to the taste, and is considered by some as refreshing and astringent. The leaves, in autumn, die off of a fine deep red colour. Dr. Withering says that the bark of the root is used to make birdlime. The tree grows rapidly when young, often producing shoots 5 ft. or 6 ft. long, from stools in coppice woods; but becoming stationary when it has attained the height of 12 ft. or 15 ft., which it does in 5 or 6 years. In Germany, the shoots of one year are employed in basketmaking, and for tying faggots and other packages; and those of two or three years old are used for tubes to tobacco-pipes. The wood is white and hard, and may be employed for various purposes in turning and cabinet-making. In Switzerland, the fruit is used for making ink. The following beautiful lines on this tree are by William Howitt.

“ Wayfaring tree! what ancient claim
Hast thou to that right pleasant name?
Was it that some faint pilgrim came

Unhopedly to thee,
In the brown desert's weary way,
Mid toil and thirst's consuming sway,
And there, as 'neath thy shade he lay,

Blest the wayfaring tree,
« Or is it that thou lovest to show
Thy coronets of fragrant snow,
Like life's spontaneous joys that flow

In paths by thousands beat ?
Whate'er it be, I love it well;
A name, methinks, that surely fell
From poet, in some evening dell,
Wandering with fancies sweet."

Book of the Seasons, p. 115. Plants may be raised from seed, which may be procured in abundance from coppices and hedges, and, to save room, should be laid up in a heap in the roting-ground, like haws; for, if sown immediately after being gathered, they will not come up for 18 or 20 months. ** 9. V. (L.) LANTANÖI'DES Michx. The Lantana-like Viburnum, or

p

Spec. Char., 8c. Leaves roundish-cor

786 date, abruptly acuminated, unequally serrated; serratures awnless. Branches, petioles, and nerves of leaves clothed with powdery tomentum. Corymbs terminal, almost sessile. Fruit ovate. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 441.) The outer Howers of the corymbs are abortive and radiant; a circumstance, as Sir W. J. Hooker observes, noticed by few botanists. The berries are at first red, but at length become black. In North America, it is known by the name of hobble bush. It is very like V. Lantàna, but is of more humble growth, and the leaves are larger, and tomentose. A shrub, a native of North America, from Canada to Carolina, principally in the forests called Beech Woods, about Quebec and Lake Huron; and flowering in June and July. In general appearance, it so closely resembles V. Lantàna, as to leave little doubt in our minds of its being only a variety of it. There are plants in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and in Messrs. Loddiges's arboretum.

10. V. (L.) DAHU'Ricum Pall. The Dahurian Viburnum. Identification. Pall. Fl. Ross., p. 52.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 328. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 442. ; Lodd. Cat.,

ed. 1836, Synonymes. Lonicera mongólica Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. t. 38. f. t. 58. f. F. G., Gmel. Sib., 3. t. 25.; Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 38., and t. 58. f. F. G.; Gmel. Sib., 3. t. 25. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves ovate, somewhat cordate at the base, crenately serrated, beset with stellate down, as well as the branchlets. Corymbs dichotomous, few-flowered. Corollas tubular, somewhat funnel-shaped, bluntly 5-toothed. Berry 5-seeded (ex Pall., ed. 1.); l-seeded, at first red, but at length becoming black and sweet (ex Pall., ed. 2.). Allied to V. Lantàna. Flowers yellowish white. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 443.) A shrub, growing to the height of from 6 ft. to 8 ft.; a native of Dahuria, and introduced in 1785. There are plants in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges. . 11. V. (? L.) COTINIFO'LIUM D. Don. The Cotinus-leaved Viburnum. Identification. D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep., 1. p. 141. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 927.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 441. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1650. į and our fig. 787. from the plant in the Horticultural Society's

Garden, and fig. 788. from the Bot. Reg.
Spec. Char., 8c. Leaves roundish oval, quite entire, clothed with stellate
tomentum on both surfaces, grey beneath, as well as the branches. Corymbs
terminal, woolly. Flowers white. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 441.) A shrub,
a native of Nepal, at

788
Sirinagur, which is
common in the Hima-
layas, at the height of
from 5000 ft. to 7000
ft., 30° n. lat. Intro-
duced into British gar-
dens in 1832, or be-
fore; and flowering in
the Horticultural So-
ciety's Garden in April
and May. In general
appearance it closely

resembles V.Lantàna;
787

but the flowers are

much larger, and more tinted with pink; and neither Alat nor bell-shaped, but of a distinct obconical figure. (Bot. Reg., t. 1650.) Notwithstanding these points of difference, we still think it only a variety of V. Lantàna.

12. V. DENTA'TUM Lin. The toothed-leaved Viburnum. Identification. Lin. Sp., p. 384. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 326.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 441. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Synonymes. V. dentatum lucidum Ait. Hort. Kew., 1. p. 372.; V. dentatum glabéllum Micht. FL.

Bor. Amer., 1. p. 179. ; Arrow-wood; Viorne dentée, Fr.
Engravings. Jacq. Hort. Vind., 1. t. 36.; Wats. Dend Brit., c. 35. ; and our figs. 789. and 790.
Spec. Char., &c. Partly glabrous. Leaves ovate,

and nearly orbicular, plicate, coarsely and dentately
serrated, with the nerves thick and feathered, gla-
789

brous on both surfaces. Cymes
or corymbs pedunculate. Berries
small, and nearly globose, of a
dark blue colour, and crowned by
the calyx. In North America, the
tree is known by the name of
arrow-wood. (Don's Mill., iii. p.
441.) A shrub, a native of North

790 America, found from New York to Carolina, in mountain woods; and also in Mexico, where it attains the height of 4 ft. or 6 ft., and flowers in June and July. It was introduced in 1763; and, though it flowers in British

gardens, it does not very frequently ripen fruit there. Varieties. In the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges, are plants named V. d.

pubéscens, V. d. fòlüs variegatis, V. acuminatum, V. longifolium, and V. montànum, which are either varieties of, or identical with, this species.

13. V. (v.) PUBE'scENs Pursh. The downy Viburnum. Identification. Pursh. Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 202. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 326. ; Don's Mill., 3. 441. Synonymes. V. dentàtum ß pubéscens Ait. Hort. Kew., 1. p. 168.; V. dentàtum semi-tomentosum Mich. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 179.; V. tomentosum Rafin. Med. Rep., 2. p. 860.; V. villosum Rafin. ir

Desf. Journ., I. p. 228. ; V. Rafinesquiànum Schultes Syst., 6. p. 630. Spec. Char., fc. Pubescent. Leaves ovate, acuminated, on short petioles,

coarsely serrate-toothed, villous beneath, with the nerves feathered and prominent. Corymbs pedunculate. Fruit small, ovate. Flowers white. This shrub is smaller in every part than V. dentàtum. (Don's Mill., iji. p. 441.) A shrub, 3 ft. high; a native of Virginia and Carolina. Introduced in 1736, and flowering in June and July.

14. V.(.) NI'TIDUM Ait. The shining-leaved Viburnum. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 1. p. 371.; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 202. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 326. ;

Don's Mill., 3. p. 440. Spec. Char., &c. Quite glabrous. Leaves linear-lanceolate, shining above,

obsoletely serrated or entire. Branches tetragonal. A low shrub, with small leaves. Flowers white. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 440.) It is a native of Carolina and Georgia, in sandy barren woods; where it forms shrub, growing from 2 ft. to 4 ft. high ; flowering in May and June. Introduced in 1758. A. Hardy Species of Vibúrnum belonging to the Section Vibúrnum, not yet

introduced. V. punctatum Hamilt, in D. Don. Prod. FL Nep., p. 142., is a native of Nepal, with oval-oblong leaves.

V. acuminatum Wall. (Dec. Prod., 4. p. 325.) is a native of the Neellgherry Mountains, with elliptic leaves, closely resembling those of the preceding species.

V. elipticum Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., I. p. 280., is a native of North America, on the banks of the Columbia, growing to the height of 4 r., with elliptic leaves, about 2 inches long.

V. nervösum D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep., p. 141., is a native of Nepal, closely resembling V. Lantàna.

V. cordifolium Wall. (Dec. Prod., 4. p. 327.) is a native of Nepal, with heart-shaped acuminated leaves, 4 in. long, and 2 in. broad.

V. Mullaha Ham. in D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep., p. 141., is a native of Nepal, with ovate-acuminated leaves.

V. stellàtum Wall. (Dec. Prod., 4. p. 327.) is a native of Nepal, with ovate-cordate leaves, and scarlet berries. It grows to the height of 20 ft.

V. involucràtum Wall. (Dec. Prod., 4. p. 327.) has ovate-acuminated leaves, and is also a native of Nepal, where it grows to the height of from 4 ft. to 6 ft.

V. erosum Thunb. FI. Jap., p. 124., has broad ovate-acuminated leaves; and, in Japan, is a shrub from 4 ft. to 6 ft. high,

B. Half-hardy Species of Viburnum belonging to the Section Viburnum. V. odoratissimum Ker, V. sinénse Zeyh., Coffea monosperma Hook. et Arn. (Bot. Reg., t. 456.; and our fig. 791.) The leaves are evergreen, glabrous, and coriaceous; and the flowers white, with the scent of those of O'lea fràgrans. The berries are red when they begin to ripen, but at length they become blackish and shining, they are 1-seeded, and crowned by the lobes of the calyx which are erect. It is a native of China, whence it was introduced in 1818, and flowers in February. It thrives against a wall, where the soil is dry, and sufficient protection is given during winter. Plants have stood out in Colvill's Nursery, King's Road, at Kew, at Syon, and in the Horticultural Society's Garden for several years; and, though their branches are frequently injured by the frost, they never fail to spring up vigorously with the return of summer.

V. vilidsum Swartz., Don's Mill., iii. p. 441., has the leaves ovate, acuminated, quite entire. It is a shrub, growing to the height of 5 ft. or 6 ft., a native of the south of Jamaica, on the mountains, and introduced in 1824. This species agrees with V. Tinus in the leaves being entire, and in the tomentum with V. Lantana,

V. monogynum Blum., Don's Mill., iii. p. 442., has the leaves elliptic-oblong, attenuated at both ends, glandularly denticulated above the base, paler beneath. Corymbs divaricate, terminal, downy. Flowers monogynous. A shrub, a native of Java, in woods on the mountains, said to be nearly allied to V. erosum.

g iü. O'pulus Tourn. Identification. Tourn. Inst., t. 376.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 328. ; Mænch Meth., p. 605. Sect. Char. Outer flowers of the corymbs radiant and sterile, much larger

than the rest, which are fertile. Seed obcordate. (Don's Mill., iii. p. 442.) Leaves mostly 3-lobed, and deciduous.

15. V. OʻPULUS L. The Guelder Rose. Identification. Lin. Sp., 384.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 328.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 442. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Synonymes. V. lobatum Lam. Fl. Fr., 3. p. 363.; O'pulus glanduldsus Mench Meth., p. 505.; Oʻpu

lus Raii Syn., 460., Du Ham. Arb., 2. t. 16.; Sambucus aquática Bauh. Pin., 456., Trag. Hist., 1002., Math. Valgr., 2. p. 607.; Marsh Elder, Rose Elder, Water Elder; Viorne-Obier, l'Obier d'Europe, Fr.; Schwalkenbeer Strauch, Wasser holder, Schneeball, Ger. Derivation. Altered from Pópulus, the poplar, from some supposed resemblance between the leaves of the

plants, and those of the poplar. Engravings. Engl. Bot., t. 332.; Hayn. Term., t. 32. f. 4.; Du Ham. Arb., 2. t. 16.; N. Du Ham.,

2. t. 39.; and our fig. 792, Spec. Char., fc. Quite glabrous in every

792 part. Leaves broad, 3-lobed, acuminated, unequally serrated, veiny. Petioles beset with glands towards the top, and several oblong leafy appendages lower down. Cymes pedunculate, white, with linear bracteas; with several of the marginal flowers dilated, flat, radiant, and without stamens or pistils. Berries elliptical, bright red, very juicy, but bitter and nauseous. Seed compressed. Branches smooth, green. Leaves bright green in summer, but in autumn assuming a beautiful pink or crimson hue, like other European species of genera that are principally American; such as Córnus, Rhús, Quércus, &c.; and of which the

+
American species have the same quality,
Flowers white. Berry crowned by the limb of the calyx. (Don's Mill., iii.
p. 142.). A shrub, or low tree, growing to the height of from 6 ft. to 12 ft.,
in a wild state, and higher in gardens. It is found throughout Europe, and
part of Asia, in moist hedges and swampy thickets; flowering in May and

June. It is frequent in Britain, and also in Sweden, as far north as lat. 61°.
Varieties.
V. 0. 2 stérilis Dec. Prod., iv. p. 328., Don's Mill., iii. p. 442.; V. 0.

3 z