15. S. VILLARSIANA Flügge et Willd. Villars's Willow, or Osier. Identification. Flügge in Litt., quoted in Willd. Sp. Pl., 4. p. 655.;. Smith in Rees's Cycl., No. 63.; Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 17.

Synonymes. S. triándra Villars Delph., 3. p. 762.; S. amygdalina var. Koch Comm., p. 19.

The Sexes. Both sexes are described by Willd.; the male is figured in Sal. Wob., and is in the London Horticultural Society's arboretum.

Engravings. Sal. Wob., No. 17.; and fig. 17. in p. 1606.

Spec. Char., &c. Leaves elliptical, rounded at the base, pointed at the tip, serrated, whitely glaucous beneath. Catkins appearing with the leaves. Flowers triandrous. Ovary pedicellated, ovate, smooth. Stigmas sessile. (Willd. and Forbes.) A native of Dauphiné, where, according to Willdenow, it forms a shrub 5 ft. or 6 ft. high, with dark violet-coloured, shining branches; but, according to the experience of Mr. Forbes, in the Woburn salictum, it is a handsome upright-growing tree, attaining the height of 12 ft. or 14 ft., with the preceding year's branches of a greyish brown colour, and the young twigs dark brown above, paler beneath, polished, and somewhat angular, or striated, and very brittle. Introduced in 1818. The male, as observed in the London Horticultural Society's arboretum, in 1835, is an elegant kind, noticeable early in spring for its plentiful blossoms, and subsequently for its leaves, which are remarkably neat in their figure and serrature, and more or less peculiar as compared with those of kindred kinds. The dark colour of the shoots of the preceding year or years is also an ornamental feature. There are plants at Woburn Abbey, Henfield, and Flitwick House.

App. i. Triándra of which there are Plants in the Country not

described.

S. tenuifolia Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836, and S. tenuifolia G., in the collection at Hackney, appear to be the same, and near akin to S. lanceolatum; but are very different from the S. tenuifolia of Smith.

App. ii. Triándre described, but not yet introduced, or of doubtful Identity with Species in the Country.

S. spectábilis, mas et fem., Host Sal. Aust., 1. p. 1. t. 3, 4., Fl. Aust., 2. p. 632.; S. semperflorens, mas et fem., Host Sal. Aust., 1. p. 2. t. 5, 6., Fl. Aust., 2. p. 633.; S. tenuiflora, mas et fem., Host Sal. Aust., 1. p. 2. t. 7, 8., Fl. Aust., 2. p. 633.; S. venusta, mas et fem., Host Sal Aust., 1. p. 3. t. 9, 10., Fl. Aust., 2. p. 683.; S. vària, mas et fem., Host Sal. Aust., 1. p. 3. t. 11, 12., Fl. Aust., 2. p. 634.; S. amygdalina, mas et fem., Host Sal. Aust., 1. p. 4. t. 13, 14., Fl. Aust., 2. p. 634.; S. ligústrina, mas et fem., Host Sal. Aust., 1. p. 4. t. 15, 16., Fl. Aust., 2. p. 634.; S. speciòsa, mas et fem., Host Sal. Aust., 1. p. 5. t. 17., Fl. Aust., 2. p. 635.

Group iv. Pentándra Borrer.

Trees having Flowers with 3-5 Stamens.

Stamens in a flower more than 3, in most instances 5. Ovary glabrous. The plants trees of moderate size. Leaves large, glossy, fragrant, serrated, and having glands in the serratures, from which a resin exudes. Stamens in each catkin so numerous and long, as to render the flowers, which, too, are in perfection at the same time as the foliage, quite handsome, and the trees, in this condition, more ornamental than those of any other group. (Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2., with adaptation.)

16. S. PENTA'NDRA L. The five-stamened-flowered Willow.

Identification. Lin. Sp. Pl., 1442.; Willd. Sp. Pl., 4. p. 658.; Hayne Abbild., p. 221.; Smith Eng. Bot., t. 1805.; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 171.; Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 34. Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 420.; Wade's Salices, p. 36.; Mackay Fl. Hibern., pt. 1. p. 246.; Host Sal. Austr., 1. p. 1.

Synonymes. S. pentandra, part of, Koch Comm., p. 13.; the sweet Willow, or Bay-leaved Willow. The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Sal. Wob. and Hayne's Abbild., and the male in Eng. Bot., with two views of an ovary. Both sexes are figured in Host's Sal. Austr.

Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1805.; Hayne Abbild., t. 161.; Sal. Wob., No. 34.; Host Sal. Austr., 1. t. 1. f. 2.; our fig. 1299. a; and fig. 34. in p. 1610.

1299 a

Spec. Char., &c. Leaves ovate, pointed, crenate, glandular, glabrous. Footstalks glandular at the summit. Stamens 5 or more, hairy at the base. Ovary ovate, tapering, smooth, nearly sessile. (Sal. Wob., p. 67.) A native of Britain, on the banks of rivers and watery places; most frequent in the north. In 1804, this, and five or six other distinct sorts were abundant on the banks of Gogar Burn, near Edinburgh, between Gogar House and the junction of the burn with the river Almond. It forms an upright tree, 18 ft. or 20 ft. high, with smooth shining branches, and large, copious, shining foliage, so as to give the plant, in the summer season, the appearance of an evergreen. It is one of the latestflowering willows, the flower seldom expanding till the beginning of June. The flowers are remarkably fragrant, as are the leaves, especially when bruised: the fragrance, which is similar to that of the sweet bay (Laurus nóbilis), but less powerful, is exuded from the resinous notches of the leaves, and from the barren catkins. It is one of the most desirable species of the genus for planting in pleasure-grounds, on account of the fine display made by the blossoms, their abundant fragrance, the smooth, shining, rich deep green of the leaves, and the comparatively slow growth and compact habit of the tree. Mr. Forbes states that, when cut down, this species produces tough flexible rods, fit for basketwork; but, in a wild state, on the banks of Gogar Burn, where its five or six other sorts were periodically cut down for basketwork and for hoops, the shoots of S. pentandra were considered rather short and brittle, as compared with those of the others. Phala'na typicöìdes, the Gothic moth, which, Donovan (in his Insects, &c., vol. xv. p. 2. pl. 505.) says, is much esteemed by collectors in Britain, on account of its scarceness, inhabits this willow. Notwithstanding its being generally rare, it appears that it was seen in 1826, in Cheshire, in immense quantities, during a thunder storm. (See Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. iii., p. 404.) There are several plants in the Horticultural Society's Garden, which, in 1834, after having been 10 years planted, were from 15 ft. to 18 ft. high; and others in the Hackney and Goldworth arboretums, and at Flitwick, Henfield, and Woburn.

Variety.

S. p. 2 hermaphroditica; S. hermaphroditica Lin. Sp. Pl., p. 1442.,

Wahlenb. Flora Ups., according to Koch Comm., p. 14., Smith in Rees's Cyclo., No. 1.-The catkins bearing rarely male flowers and female ones, and some of the stamens being changed into monstrous pistils.

17. S. MEYERIA NA Willd. Meyer's Willow.

Identification. Willd., Berl. Baumz., p. 427.; Hayne Abbild., p. 222.; Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 33. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 421.

Synonymes. Koch, in his Comm., p. 14., has presented the following:-"S. cuspidata Schultz Fl. Starg. Suppl., p. 47.; S. tinctoria Smith in Rees's Cyclo., No. 13.; S. pentandra ß Linn. Fl. Suec., according to Smith; S. hexándra Ehrh. Arb., 140.; S. Ehrhartiana Smith in Rees's Cyclopædia.” Koch has adopted the name S. cuspidata Schultz. S. tetrándra Willd. is quoted as synonymous in Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3.

The Sexes. The male is figured in Hayne's Abbild., and described and figured in Sal. Wob., unless some mistake as to the kind has occurred: see Borrer, below. The female is mentioned in, Koch's Com., and Hooker's Br. Fl., ed. 3., p.421.

Engravings. Hayne Abbild., t. 162.; Sal. Wob., No. 33., with a doubt, at least, as to the flowerbearing specimen; our fig. 1300.; and fig. 33. in p. 1610.

:

Spec. Char., &c. Leaves ovate-elliptic, pointed, glabrous, green, and shining above, rather pale beneath, but not glaucous, serrated; the serratures of the young leaves glandular. Stipules soon falling off. Stamens 3-4. Bractea obtuse, yellow. (Sal. Wob., p. 65.) Koch has stated the geographic distribution of S. cuspidata Schultz, to which he refers the S. Meyeriana Willd., to be Pomerania and Sweden, in meadows, and woody and marshy places. Germany is given as the native country of this kind in our Hortus Britannicus, and in Sweet's: and the date of its introduction into Britain is, in the former, 1822; in the latter, 1823. Mr. Borrer states that the insertion of this kind in Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., as a native of Britain, arose from a mistake of his. (See Borrer in Comp. to Bot. Mag., p. 225.) It forms a handsomegrowing tree, with brownish smooth branches, which are slightly warty; and large, broad, shining leaves, somewhat unequal, and obtuse at the base, often broadest above the middle of an ovate-elliptic shape, pointed; green, smooth, and shining above; pale, but not glaucous, beneath; strongly serrated, and the serratures of the younger leaves furnished with glands. Nearly allied to S. lùcida, which, however, has smaller leaves, and longer, more slender, catkins. It flowers in April. S. Meyeriana is a desirable kind of willow for introducing into ornamental plantations of the coarser kind, as it grows quickly, and has large shining leaves, and the catkins of flowers of the male are ornamental. It assimilates to S. pentándra in its flowers, but is obviously distinct from that kind when the two are seen growing near together. It is of freer growth, is more robust, and its leaves are longer, narrower, and more shining. Mr. Borrer has communicated the following remarks relative to the figure of S. Meyeriana, given in Sal. Wob., No. 33.:- "I never saw the catkins sessile, as represented in Sal. Wob., t. 33., but always on leafy stalks, as in S. lùcida, t. 32. Possibly the two figures represent the same species. In American specimens of S. lucida Mühl. and Willd., there is some silkiness on the young leaves. Still they may be of the same species as S. Meyeriana; and, if so, S. lùcida is the older name." There are plants at Woburn Abbey, at Henfield, and at Flitwick House, the latter of which are 13 ft. high.

† 18. S. LUCIDA Mühlenb. The shining-leaved Willow.

Identification. Mühlenb. Nov. Act. Soc. Nat. Scrut. Berol., 4. p. 239. t. 6. f. 7.; Willd. Sp. Pl., 4. 667.; Mühlenb. Sims et Kön. Ann. of Bot., 2. 66. t. 5. f. 7. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 615.; Smith in Rees's Cyclo., No. 32.; Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 3. p. 81.; ? Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 32., who has quoted Willd. with doubt.

Synonymes. S. Forbèsi Sweet Hort. Brit., ed. 1830; where it is stated to be not the S. lucida of others, and where the S. lùcida of Spreng. Syst., which is the S. lùcida Mühlenb., is registered besides.

The Sexes. The male is described and figured in Sal. Wob., and noticed below, in the specific character.

Engravings. Nov. Act. Soc. Nat. Scrut. Berol., 4. t. 6. f. 7.; Sims et Kön. Ann. of Bot., 2. t. 5. f. 7. ; Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 3. t. 125. f. 3.; ? Sal. Wob., 32.; our fig. 1301.; and fig. 32. in p. 1610. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves ovate, acuminate, serrated, glabrous; shining above, pale beneath; the serratures resinous. Footstalks glandular Stipules large, half-heart-shaped, serrated, and furnished with glands. Catkins of the male

1301

1 in. long, or more. Stamens 3-5, bearded at the base. (Sal. Wob., p. 63.) Mr. Forbes believes that the kind which he has elucidated is a native of Switzerland; but the S. lùcida Mühlenb. is a native of North America; and this may be one reason, at least, why Mr. Sweet distinguished the plants of the two countries as of two species, as shown under Synonymes, above. S. lucida of the Salictum Woburnense forms a handsome low-growing tree, with the branches of the preceding year of a greyish green colour, and smooth the young twigs are of a yellowish green, somewhat striated, or angular, at the points. It flowers in April and May, and "appears a good