p.409.) A climbing shrub, a native of Europe, Asia, and North America, in hedges and among bushes; plentiful in Britain; flowers in June and July.

Varieties.

S. D. 1 violacea Hort. Eyst., p. 385. t. 384. No. 3.-Corollas violet. 1 S. D. 2 álba Lin. Fl. Suec., p. 66. - Corollas white. There are plants of this variety in the collection of Messrs. Loddiges. S. D. 3 cárnea Cels. Ups., 32.— Corollas flesh-coloured. S. D. 4 plena Tourn. Inst., 149., Hort. Eyst., 1. c.- Corollas double. S. D. 5 variegata Munt., fig. 156., Tourn. Inst., 149., Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836.

Leaves variegated.

S. D. 6 hirsuta Don's Mill., iv. p. 409.; S. littorale Hort. - Plant hairy or downy. Flowers violet. Found on the sea coast. There are plants in Messrs. Loddiges's collection.

p. 409.)

S. D.7 rupestris Schmidt Fl. Bot., p. 69.— Stem erect. Leaves ovate, quite entire. Racemes few-flowered, dichotomous. A native of Bohemia. (Don's Mill., iv. Description, Properties, &c. The stems of this species are roundish, branched, twisted, and climbing by elongation, among other shrubs, and in hedges, to the height of 6 ft. or 8 ft. or upwards. When bruised, broken, or rubbed, they yield a strong and peculiar odour, not unlike that which proceeds from rats and mice. The roots smell like potatoes; and both roots and stalks, upon being chewed, first cause a sensation of bitterness, which is soon followed by a considerable degree of sweetness, whence the specific name. The plant has been in repute for its medical virtues since the days of Theophrastus, by whom it was called Vitis sylvéstris; by Pliny, it was called Melortum. Gerard, Boerhaave, Cullen, and others, attribute to the berries, and also to the leaves and stalks, many virtues; and the plant is still in great repute among rustic practitioners. In Wales a salve is made from the leaves, which is considered infallible in removing bruises. A decoction of the whole plant, or an infusion of the young twigs, is considered excellent in rheumatic cases, and also in jaundice and scurvy. The berries are poisonous; and, as they are common in hedges, they are very frequently eaten by children, on whom they operate by exciting violent vomiting and purging. To lessen their deleterious effects, warm water should be administered immediately, and in large quantities, to dilute the poison, and provoke vomiting. To prevent vomiting, when an infusion or decoction of the plant is taken medicinally, it is diluted with milk. (Smith's Eng. Fl., i. p. 118.) Trained to a single stem, to the height of 6 ft. or 8 ft., and supported by a strong iron rod, with a parasol top, this common hedge weed might form a very handsome gardenesque pendulous tree. The Acheróntia A ́tropos Fab., in its larva state (fig. 1081. in p. 1253.) feeds on the bitter-sweet and the elder, as well as on the common white jasmine.

2. S. SUFFRUTICO'SUM Schousb. The suffruticose Nightshade.

Identification. Schousb, ex Willd. Enum., p. 236.; Dun. Sol., p. 154.; Syn., p. 13.; Don's Mill., 4. P. 413. Spec. Char., &c. Stem unarmed, suffruticose. Leaves ovate, dentately angular, nearly glabrous, ciliated. Flowers subpanicled (ex Dun.). Umbels extra-foliaceous, pedunculate (ex Willd.). Branches 2-edged, or quadrangularly winged from the decurrence of the petioles. Angles toothed, Leaves large, glaucous, covered above with soft hairs while young. Flowers white. Berries black. Very like S. nigrum; but the stem is shrubby, the leaves larger, and the flowers more numerous, &c. (Don's Mill., 4. p. 413.) A shrub, a native of Barbary, where it grows to the height of 4 ft., and flowers from May till September. It was introduced in 1804; but we have not seen the plant.

L 3. S. CRI'SPUM R. & S. The curled-leaved Solanum. Identification. Rom. et Schult. Sp. Pl., 4. p. 595.; Fl. Peruv., 2. f. 1. t. 158. f. a. ; Dunal Solan., 159.; Syn. p. 16. No. 78.; Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1516.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 414. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1516.; and our fig. 1105.

Spec. Char., &c. Stem shrubby. Leaves ovate, subcordate, wavedly curled, acuminate. Flowers corymbose. (Rom. ct Schult. Sp. Pl., iv. p. 95.) Leaves all simple, undivided, ovate, or cordate, acuminate, petiolate, slightly curled at the margin; younger leaves powdery, but full-grown ones green. Cymes

many-flowered, terminal, all the parts
powdery. Bracteas none. Calyx short,
5-toothed. Corolla middle-sized, of a
bluish lead-colour. Anthers equal, yel-
low. (Lindl.) A native of Chiloe, in waste
places and hedges. Introduced by Mr.
Andersor, collector to Mr. Lowe of the
Clapton Nursery, in 1830. It is a hardy
vigorous-growing plant, of a much more
ligneous character than S. Dulcamara,
subevergreen, and covered with flowers
nearly the whole summer. A plant in the
Horticultural Society's Garden attained
the height of 10 ft., against a wall, in 3.
years; and its stem is between 3 in. and
4 in. in diameter: one in the Clapton
Nursery is still larger. As this species
will grow in any soil, and is readily pro-
pagated by cuttings, it promises to be

1105

of great value as an ornamental climber, for rapidly covering naked walls. Dr. Lindley observes that, "if tied to a stake, and thus forced to grow erect, it will throw out a great number of lateral branchlets, at the end of every one of which is a bunch of flowers. It this state it was exhibited by Mr. Lowe of Clapton, at a meeting of the Horticultural Society, in April, 1832, and was greatly admired." (Bot. Reg., t. 1516.) It is readily propagated by cuttings, and promises to be a most valuable shrub for covering naked walls, or varying ruins or rockwork. The smooth shining green of its leaves, which are seldom eaten by insects, and the profusion of its flowers, which are bluish, render it highly ornamental.

4. S. BONARIE'NSE L. The Buenos Ayres Nightshade.

Patication. Lin. Sp., No. 264., exclusive of the syn. of Plum.; Dun. Sol., 198., Syn, p. 34., Dill. 1th, p. 264; Don's Mill., 4 p. 429.

Engravins. Dill. Elth., p. 264. t. z. f. 351.; and our fig. 1106.

Spec. Char., &c. Shrubby, almost un

armed. Leaves ovate-oblong sinuately repanded, smoothish. Racemes corymbose, lateral, or extrafoliaceous. Stem green, prickly at the base; adult stens unarmed. Leaves sometimes entire, rarely prickly. Corymbs large. Calyx. 4-5-cleft. Segments subulate. Corolla large, white, downy outside. Berry globose, yellow, 4-celled, size of a small pea. Root creeping. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 429.) A shrub, a native of Buenos Ayres, where it grows from 6 ft. to 10 ft. in height, flowering from June to Sep

1106

teniber. It was introduced in 1727; and a plant in the Chelsea Garden has stood against the wall for 50 years, and is now 8 ft. high.

App. i. Half-hardy ligneous or fruticose Species of Solanum.

Solanum Ballisii Dunal, Bot. Reg., t. 140, is a native of South America, with blue flowers, which are produced from April to September It was introduced in 1816, and, at first, treated as green house plant; but a specimen planted against the wall in the Horticultural Society's Garden, in 1833, grows vigorously and flowers freely every year. It beings to the section Dulcamara, of which there are a number of species or varieties indigenous to almost every part of the world, which are, in all probability, half-hardy or baray. There are several shrubby sorts, unnamed, from Valparaiso, which have stood out several year, in the Chelsea Botanic Garden; nd a number of names in the entaner. tion in our Hortus Britannicus seem to indicate that the plants might be tried in the open ur in favourable situations

1107

S. betaceum Cav., Bot. Rep., t. 411., is a native of South America, from which country it was introduced into Britain in 1803. It forms a splendid shrub, 10 ft. or 12 ft. high, and produces egg-shaped fruit, of a deep crimson colour. The fruit are about the size and shape of magnum bonum plums, and hang down in clusters of three or four together. (Gard. Mag., vol. ii. p. 105.) A plant of this species in the Cambridge Botanic Garden, in 1816, produced leaves nearly a foot in length, and half a foot in breadth; giving out, when handled, an odour resembling that of th⚫ bruised wood of 8. Dulcamara. This species resembles, in its free habit of growth, Brugmansia suaveolens; and it is observed by a correspondent of the Gardener's Magazine, that it is likely to thrive and flower under the same treatment as that plant. The same writer adds, "did the plants of S. betaceum, when planted out, produce only a copious clothing of such leaves, they would, in themselves, be striking, and impart an additional tropical feature to the British flower-garden." (Ibid., p_155.) The plants of this species in the Bristol Nursery are said to be somewhat different from that figured in the Botanical Repository. (Ibid., p. 269.)

S. angulatum R. et S., Dun. Sol, 2. 95. t. 1., is a native of Lima, introduced in 1825. It has large angulated prickly leaves, with purple veins and petioles. Preserved through the winter in a stove, and turned out in the spring, it makes a splendid appearance in the flower border.

S. marginatum W., Bot. Mag., t. 1928., is a native of Africa, and forms an evergreen shrub, 4 ft. or 5 ft. high., striking from the mealy whiteness of its leaves.

S. Pseudo-Capsicum L., Capsicum Amòmum Plinii Gerard, is a native of Madeira, an old inhabitant of our green-houses. It grows 4 ft. or 5 ft. high, and produces red, or yellowish fruit, about the size of cherries. Gerard says, " it is a rare and pleasant plant, kept in pots and tubs in green-houses during the extremity of winter, and set abroad in March and April."

S. sodomeum L., the apple of Sodom, is a native of different parts of Africa, and also of Sicily, and the south of Italy. It is a shrub, with numerous short and thick branches, armed with many spines. The leaves are above 4 in. long, and 2 in. broad. The flowers are blue, and the berries yellow, as large as walnuts. It abounds, along with Spártium infestum Presl, on the coast of Calabria, and at the foot of Mount Etna. (Comp. Bot. Mag., 1. p. 95.)

S. ligustrinum Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1963., and our fig. 1107., is a native of Chili, introduced by Mr. Cumming in 1831, and flowering in a sheltered border from May to September. It is a free-growing shrub, readily propagated by cuttings; and judging from the plant in the Chelsea Botanic Garden, from which our figure was taken, we should think it tolerably hardy,

GENUS II.

LY'CIUM L. THE BOX THORN. Lin. Syst. Pentándria Monogýnia. Identification. Lin. Gen., 1262.; Lam. Ill., t. 112; H. B. et Kunth Nov. Gen. Amer., 3. p. 50. ; Lindl. Nat. Syst. Bot., 2d edit., p. 295.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 457.

Synonymes. Jasminöldes Niss. in Act. Gall., 1711, Mich. Gen., 224. t. 105.; Matrimony Vine, Amer.; Lycien, Fr.; Bocksdorn, Ger. One species, L. bárbarum, is commonly called the Duke of Argyll's tea tree, from the circumstance of a tea plant (Thèa viridis) having been sent to the Duke of Argyll at the same time as this plant, and the labels having been accidentally changed. Derivation. Derived from Lycia, in Asia Minor; hence the lukion of Dioscorides; a name given by him to a thorny shrub, which was supposed by Dr. Sibthorp to have been the Rhamnus infectòrius, but which Mr. Royle, with greater probability, regards as identical with a species of Bérberis, which he has denominated Bérberis Lýcium.

Description, &c. Thorny rambling shrubs, in general producing long slender shoots, and assuming the character of climbers. Natives of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. Hedges may be formed of the first nine sorts.

1. L. EUROPE'UM L. The European Box Thorn.

Identification. Lin. Syst., 228.; Mant., p. 47.; Willd. Enum., 1. p. 246.; Sibth. et Smith Fl. Græc., t. 256.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 458.; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836.

Synonymes. L. salicifolium Mill. Dict., No. 3., Mich. Gen., p. 224. t. 105. f. 1., Mill. Icon., t. 171. f. 2.; Jasminöldes aculeàtum Mich.

Engravings. Mich. Gen., t. 105. f. 1.; Mill. Icon., t. 171. f. 2.; and our fig. 1108.

Spec. Char., &c. Branches erect, loose. Buds spinescent. Leaves fascicled, obovate-lanceolate, obtuse, or spathulate, bent obliquely. Flowers twin or solitary. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens exserted, but shorter than the limb. Calyx 5-cleft, ruptured at the side. Corollas pale violet, reticulated with red veins; tube greenish. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 458.) A rambling

1108

shrub, with long slender shoots, and prone to throw
up innumerable suckers; a native of the south of
Europe, where it grows to the height of from 10 ft.
to 12 ft.; flowering from May till August. It was
introduced in 1730, and is common in British gardens;
where it 's valuable for covering naked walls, as it
grows with extreme rapidity, and flowers and fruits
freely, in almost any soil or situation. Established
plants, in good soil, will make shoots 10 ft. or 12 ft.
in length in one season; and the plant, when trained
against a house or high wall, will reach the height of
30 t. or 40 ft., as may be seen in some courts in
Paris. Trained to a strong iron rod, to the height
of 20 ft. or 30 ft., and then allowed to spread over an
umbrella head, it would make a splendid bower. Its
shoots would hang down to the ground, and form a
complete screen on every side, ornamented from top
to bottom with ripe fruit, which is large, and bright
scarlet or yellow; with unripe fruit, which is of a
lurid purple; or with blossoms, which are purple
and white. Some idea of the quantity of ripe and
unripe fruit, and of blossoms, which may be found on
a shoot at one time, may be formed from fig. 1108.,
which is only a portion of a shoot, the upper part of
which (not exhibited in the figure) contained two or
three dozen of fruit, all ripe at once.
If it were re-
quired to open the sides of a bower covered with
this plant, the shoots could be tied together so as
to form columns, at regular distances all round: but
they must be untied in an hour or two afterwards,
to prevent the shoots in the interior of the column
from being heated so as to cause them to drop their
leaves and fruit. Price of plants, in the London nur-
series, from 6d. to 1s. each; at Bollwyller, 30 cents;
and at New York, 37 cents.

Varieties. There is a variety with yellow fruit, and
another with the fruit roundish; and, in our opinion,
L. bárbarum, chinénse, ruthénicum, Shawi, and Tre-
wianum, all which we have seen in Loddiges's arbo-
retum; and, probably, other sorts which we have not
seen, are nothing more than variations of the same
form.

2. L. (E.) BA'RBARUM L.
Barbary Box Thorn.

The

Identification. Lin. Sp., 277.; Willd. Sp., 4.
p. 1059., exclusive of the synonymes of Shaw
and Lam.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 458.; Lodd.
Cat., ed. 1836.

Synonymes. L. halimifolium Mill. Dict., No.
6.; L. bárbarum & vulgàre Ait. Hort. Kew.,
1. p. 257. Schkuhr Handb., 1. p. 147. t. 46.,
Hayne Term. Bot., t. 10. f. 5., Du Ham.
Arb., 1. p. 306. t. 121. f. 4., Mich. Gen., t.
105. f. 1.; the Duke of Argyll's Tea Tree.
Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 9.; and
our fig. 1109.

Spec. Char., &c. Branches depend- 1109 ent. Buds spiny. Leaves lanceolate, flat, glabrous, acute. Flowers twin, extra-axillary, pedicellate. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens exserted, about equal in length to the limb. Branches angular.