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ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM

BRITANNICUM.

CHAP. LXXVIII.

OF THE HARDY AND HALF-HARDY LIGNEOUS PLANTS OF THE ORDER ASCLEPIADA CEE.

GENUS I.

PERI PLOCA L. THE PERIPLOCA. Lin. Syst. Pentándria Digýnia. Identification. R. Br. in Mém. Wern. Soc., 1. p. 57. ; Lindl. Nat. Syst. Bot., edit. 2., p. 305.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 163.

Synonymes. Periploca Fr.; Schlinge, Ger.

Derivation. From peripleko, to wrap about; in allusion to the twining stems.

Gen. Char., &c. Corolla rotate. Throat furnished with 5 awned scales, which alternate with the segments of the corolla. Filaments distinct. Anthers cohering, bearded on the back; pollen masses applied to the dilated tops of the corpuscles of the stigma, solitary, or composed of 4 confluent ones. Stigma almost mutic. Follicles cylindrical, much divaricate, smooth. Seeds comose. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 163.)- The hardy species are natives of the south of Europe, the north-west of Asia, or the north of Africa. Twining glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite, shining. Flowers subcorymbose, interpetiolar; of easy culture in common soil, and propagated by cuttings of the root or shoots, or by layers.

1. P. GRE CA L. The Greek Periploca.

Identification. Lin. Sp., p. 309.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 163.; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836.

Synonyme. P. maculata Moench, Schmidt Baum., 1. t. 46., Du Ham. Arb., 2. p. 104. t. 21., Hort.
Angl., t. 15.
Engravings. Jacq. Misc., 1. p. 11. t. 1. f. 2.; Fl. Græc., t. 249.; Bot. Reg., t. 803.; Schkuhr Handb.,
t. 53.; and our figs. 1087. and 1088.

Spec. Char., &c. Leaves varying from ovate to lanceolate. Corymbs on long
peduncles. Flowers hairy inside. Branches brown. Segments of corolla
linear, rounded at the apex, greenish outside,
and brownish inside, and clothed with copious
short hairs. Leaves deciduous, 3-4 in. long.
(Don's Mill., iv. p. 163.) A hardy twining
shrub, a native of the south of France, and of
Bithynia, found also about
Bursa, and on Mount
Athos; flowering in July
and August. It was in-
troduced in 1597, and is
frequent in gardens. The
remarkable colour and
rich velvety appearance
of the flowers, the elegant
form of the leaves, and

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the facility with which the 1088

plant can be made to cover an extensive space, render it useful for arbours, &c.; but it is mentioned in the N. Du Hamel that the odour of the flowers

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is considered unwholesome, and even dangerous, to those who are long exposed to it. In the Gard. Mag., vol. ix. p. 586., Mr. Godsall, nurseryman, of Hereford, mentions that he has seen the pavement of an arbour over which a plant of Periploca græ'ca was trained, and in full flower, literally covered with dead house-flies, which appeared to have fallen from the blossoms, apparently killed by some deleterious property contained in them. The capability of extension of this plant is proved by one in the Cambridge Botanic Garden having been trained, by means of a jack chain, as high as the branches of one of the trees of Sophora japónica, mentioned in p. 565. as being 50 ft. high, and which was clear of branches to a considerable height. When twined round a tree, the periploca forms a deep identation in the bark. (See Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. vi. p. 331.) Price of plants, in the London nurseries, 1s. 6d. each; at Bollwyller, 60 cents; and at New York, 37 cents.

32. P. ANGUSTIFOLIA Labill. The narrow-leaved Periploca. Identification. Lab. Pl. Syr., dec. 2. p. 13. t. 7.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 163. Synonymes. P. rígida Viv.; P. lævigàta Vahl.

Engravings. Labill. Pl. Syr., dec. 2. p. 13. t. 17.; and our fig. 1089. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves veinless, narrow-lanceolate, glabrous, persistent. Cymes trichotomous. Flowers purplish inside, pale yellow beneath and round the mouth, with a white spot in the middle. Leaves 1 in. long. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 163.) A twining shrub, a native of Tunis, on Mount Schibel Jsekel; and of the Island of Lampedosa, at the sea side, near Laodicea. An ornamental plant, which was introduced in 1800, and is quite as hardy as P. græ`ca. It is rare in British collections.

P. lævigàta Ait.; P. punicæfòlia Cav. Icon., 3. t. 217.; is a twining evergreen shrub, a native of the Canary Islands, which was introduced in 1779; and, though generally kept in green-houses, would live through the winter against a south wall, with protection. The half-hardy species of Períploca, being deciduous, may be preserved through the winter with much less care than many other tender trees and shrubs.

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CHAP. LXXIX.

OF THE HARDY AND HALF-HARDY LIGNEOUS PLANTS BELONGING TO THE ORDER BIGNONIA CEÆ.

THE genera belonging to this order which contain hardy species are, Bignonia, Técoma, and Catálpa, which are thus distinguished:

:

BIGNONIA Tourn. Calyx 5-toothed. Dissepiment of the fruit parallel. TE COMA Juss. Calyx 5-toothed. Dissepiment of the fruit contrary. CATALPA Juss. Calyx 2-parted. Dissepiment of the fruit parallel.

GENUS I.

BIGNONIA Tourn. THE TRUMPET FLOWER. Lin. Syst. Didynàmia Angiospermia.

Identification. Tourn. Inst., 72.; Juss. Gen., 139.; Gærtn. Fruct., t. 52.; H. B. et Kunth Nov. Gen. Amer., 3. p. 132.; D. Don in Edin. Phil. Journ.; Lindl. Nat. Syst. Bot., edit. 2., p. 282.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 216.

Synonymes. Bignònia sp. of Lin. and others; Bignone, Fr.; Trompetenblume, Ger.

Derivation. So named by Tournefort, in compliment to the Abbé Bignon, librarian to Louis XIV. Gen. Char., &c. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed, rarely entire. Corolla with a short tube, a campanulate throat, and a 5-lobed bilabiate limb. Stamens 4, didynamous, that is, 2 long and 2 short; with the rudiment of a fifth. Lobes of anthers divaricate. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule silique-formed, 2-celled;

having the dissepiment parallel with the valves. Seeds disposed in 2 rows, imbricate, transverse, with membranous wings. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 216.)-Usually climbing shrubs, furnished with tendrils, rarely erect trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, simple, conjugate, trifoliolate, digitate, or pinnate. Flowers axillary and terminal, usually panicled. Corollas trumpet-shaped, white, yellow, orange-coloured, purple, violaceous, or rosecoloured. The only hardy species is a subevergreen climber, a native of North America; and, like all the plants of this order, easily propagated by cuttings of the roots, or shoots.

▲ 1. B. CAPREOLA'TA L. The tendriled Bignonia, or Trumpet Flower. Identification. Lin. Sp., 870.; Hort. Cliff, 317.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 217.

Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 864.; Breyn. Icon., 33. t. 25.; Du Ham. Arb., 1. p. 104. t. 40. ; Bocc. Sic., 31. t. 15. f. 31.; Zan. Hist., 74. f. 2. ed. 2. 49. t. 33. ; and our fig. 1090.

Spec. Char., &c. Climbing. Leaves conjugate; leaflets cordate-oblong; lower ones simple. Tendrils small, trifid; the lobes bifurcate. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, crowded. Calyx entire. Corollas reddish yellow. Follicles flattened, 1 ft. long. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 217.) A climbing shrub, a native of North America, in the more southern parts; flowering in June and July. The follicles are said, as above, to be a foot long; but, on an open wall, in the Horticultural Society's Garden, they do not exceed 6 in. or 8 in. It was introduced in 1710, and forms a very ornamental wall climber in British gardens. This is an excellent plant for covering dead walls, from its great capability of extension, its being subevergreen, and the singular shape of its large and handsome leaflets. It requires a sheltered situation, and favourable exposure, in order to flower freely. The plant of this species in the Horticultural Society's Garden ripens seeds. Price of plants, in the London nurseries, 2s. each; at Bollwyller, where it is a green-house plant, 4 francs; and at New York,

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50 cents.

GENUS II.

TECOMA Juss. THE TECOMA. Lin. Syst. Didynàmia Angiospermia. Identification. Juss. Gen., p. 139.; R. Br. Prod., 471.; H. B. et Kunth Nov. Gen. Amer., 3. p. 142. ; Lindl. Nat. Syst. Bot., 2d edit., p. 282.; Don's Mill, 4. p. 223.

Synonyme. Bignonia sp. of Lin. and others.

Derivation. From Tecomaxochitl, the Mexican name of one of the species.

Gen. Char., &c. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla with a short tube, and a campanulate throat; limb 5-lobed, bilabiate. Stamens 4, didynamous; that is, 2 long and 2 short; with the rudiment of a fifth sterile filament. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule silique-formed, 2-celled, having the dissepiment contrary to the valves. Seeds disposed in 2 rows, imbricate, winged, transverse. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 223.)-The only hardy species yet introduced is a deciduous climbing shrub.

11. T. RADI CANS Juss. The rooting-branched Tecoma, or Trumpet Flower. Identification. Juss. Gen., p. 139.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 225.

Synonymes. Bignonia radicans Lin. Sp., 871., Hort. Cliff, 317., Ups., 178., Gron. Virg., 73.,
Mill. Icon., t. 65., Du Ham. Arb., 1. p. 103. t. 1., Sab. Hort., 2. t. 84., Du Roi Harbk., 1. p. 116.,
Wangenh. Amer., 68. t. 26. f. 53., Willd. Arb., 47., Curt. Bot. Mag., t. 485., Riv. Mon., p. 101.,
Mor. Hist., S. p. 612. f. 15. t. 3. f. 1., Corn. Can., 102. t. 105.; Bignonia radicans major Hort.,
Gelsemium Clematis Barrel. Icon, 59.; Bignonia fraxinifolia Catesb. Car.; Jasmin de Virginie,
Fr.; Wurzeln Bignonia, Ger.; Esschenblädige Bignonia, Dutch.

Derivation. Wurzeln is, simply, rooting; and Esschenblädige, ash-leaved.
Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 485.; and our fig. 1091.

Spec. Char., &c. Climbing, glabrous. Branches rough, rooting. Leaflets 9, ovate, acuminated, coarsely serrated. Racemes terminal, corymbose, on

long peduncles. Tube of corolla 5 times longer than the calyx. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 225.) A beautiful hardy climber, which fixes itself to trees or walls by its roots, like ivy. The flowers are produced at the ends of the shoots, in large bunches; and have long swelling tubes, shaped somewhat like a trumpet. The corolla is large, scarlet, and orange-coloured. It is a native of Carolina, Florida, and Virginia, and flowers in August and September. It was introduced in 1640, and is frequent in British gardens, where it grows vigorously, producing tufts of leaves and fine flowers, abundantly at the extremity of the branches, but being rather apt to become naked below. One of the finest specimens of this plant in Europe is that trained against the Palace Pitti at Florence, which, when we saw it in 1819, was, if our recollection does not deceive us, upwards of 60 ft. high, and extending proportionably in width. It is quite hardy in England; but in the north of France they cover the trunk with straw during winter, for a few years, till it has become perfectly ligneous. Price of plants, in the London nurseries, 50s. per hundred; in pots, 1s. 6d. each; seeds, Is. 6d. per ounce: at Bollwyller, 50 cents, or 15 francs per hundred: and at New York, 50 cents. Variety.

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IT. r. 2 major Hort. has the flowers larger and of a paler scarlet; the leaves, also, differ considerably, both in size and shape. It is a climbing shrub, a native of Carolina, which flowers in August, and was introduced in 1724.

2. T. GRANDIFLORA Swt. The great-flowered Tecoma.

Identification. Sweet's Hort. Brit., p. 14.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 225.; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836.
Synonymes. Bignonia grandiflora Thunb. Fl. Jap., 253., Blum. Bijdr., 778.; B. chinensis Lam.
Dict., 1. p. 424.; Rjotsjo Kampf. Amen., p. 856., Banks Icon. Kampf., t. 21.; Incarvillea grandi-
Adra Spreng. Syst., 2. p. 836.; Tung-von-fa, Chinese.
Engravings. Banks Icon. Kæmpf., t. 21. ; and our fig. 1092.

Spec. Char., &c. Slightly scandent, glabrous.
nated, coarsely serrated, attenuated at the
pendulous. Calycine segments lanceo-
late, length of the tube of the corolla.
Branches rooting. Young shoots spotted
with dark purple. Leaves 6-10 in. long,
Petioles marginate. Flowers pendulous,
forming terminal cross-armed panicles,
large, of a tawny orange colour on the
outside, and of a tolerably bright red-
dish orange colour inside, with brighter
streaks. Nectary a glandular crenated
ring. Anterior lobe of stigma recurved.
(Don's Mill, iv. p. 225.) A climbing
shrub, a native of China and Japan.

Leaflets 7-9, ovate, acumibase. Panicles terminal,

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Introduced in 1800, and flowering in July and August. This species, when first introduced, was thought to be rather tender; but it is now found to be almost as hardy as Técoma radicans, which it greatly resembles, but is of a slighter habit, though it has much larger flowers, and is altogether a very splendid plant. There is a fine specimen at Kew, in front of one of the stoves; a large one in the Horticultural Society's Garden, which has stood against the conservative wall there since 1825; and one against the wall in the Hackney arboretum. Price of plants, in the London nurseries, 2s. 6d. each.

App. I. Half-hardy ligneous Plants belonging to the Order

Bignoniaceæ.

Bignonia crucigera Plum. Icon., t. 58., has the leaflets large; the flowers yellow, and whitish beneath; and the follicles, or pods. 1 ft. long. A transverse section of the stem represents a

1093

cross; and hence the trivial name. It is a
climbing shrub, a native of Virginia, Mexico,
&c.; and was introduced in 1759. Perhaps it
might be grafted or inarched on B. capreo
làta; and, if so, it might then be tried against
a conservative wall.

Técoma austràlis R.Br.; Bignonia Pandora
Vent., Bot. Mag., t. 865.; and our fig. 1093.;
has the flowers a pale red, with a dark purple
bearded throat. It is a climbing shrub, a
native of New Holland, within the tropics,
and of New South Wales. It was introduced
in 1793; and, in green-houses, its flowers
have a very fine appearance. It is tolerably
hardy, and would succeed against a conser-
vative wall in favourable situations.

T. capensis Lindl.; Bignonia capensis Thunb. Bot. Reg., t. 1117.; and our fig. 1094.; is a Cape shrub, with orange scarlet flowers, 3 in. long. It is tolerably hardy; and, by

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grafting on T. radicans, might, in all probability, live against a conservative wall. In the warmest parts of Devonshire, we are informed, it stands out without any protection at all.

GENUS III.

CATALPA Juss. THE CATALPA. Lin. Syst. Diándria Monogýnia. Identification. Juss. Gen., 138., ed. Usteri, p. 155.; Spreng. Gen., 1. p. 25.; Sims Bot. Mag., t. 1094.; Schkuhr Handb., t. 175.; Lindl. Nat. Syst. Bot., 2d edit., p. 282.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 230. Synonymes. Bignonia sp. of Lin. and others; Bignone Catalpa, Fr.; gemeine Trompetenblume, Ger. Derivation. The Indian name of a species of Bignonia.

Gen. Char., &c. Calyx 2-parted. Corolla campanulate, with a ventricose tube, and an unequal 4-lobed limb. Stamens 5, 2 of which are fertile, and 3 of them sterile. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule silique-formed, long, cylindrical, 2-valved. Dissepiment opposite the valves. Seeds membranously margined, and pappose at the base and apex. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 230.Trees, with simple leaves, opposite, or disposed 3 in a whorl. Flowers terminal, panicled.

1. C. SYRINGEFO'LIA Sims. The Lilac-like-leaved Catalpa. Identification. Sims Bot. Mag., t. 1094.; Schkuhr Handb., t. 175. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 230.; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836.

Synonymes. Bignonia Catalpa Lin. Sp., 868., Willd. Sp., 3. p. 289.; Wangenh. Amer., p. 58. t. 20. f. 45.; Catalpa bignonioides Walt. Fl. Car., p. 64.; C. cordifolia Nut. Gen. Amer., 1. p. 10., Du Ham. Arb., 1. p. 104. t. 41., Catesb. Car., 1. p. 49. t. 21., Lin. Hort. Cliff., 317.; Bois Shavanon, Catalpa de l'Amérique, Fr.; Trompeten-baum, Ger. ; Catalpa-boom, Dutch.

Derivation. The French of Upper Louisiana call this tree Bois Shavanon, from its being found in abundance on the banks of the river Shavanon, now called the Cumberland. Catalpa is supposed to be a corruption of Catawba, an Indian tribe that formerly occupied a great part of Georgia and the Carolinas.

Engravings. Schmidt Baum., 1. t. 14. ; Bot. Mag., t. 1094.; Schkuhr Handb., t. 175. ; and the plates in our last Volume.

Spec. Char., &c. Leaves cordate, flat, 3 in a whorl, large and deciduous. Branches strong. Panicles large, branchy, terminal. Corollas white, speckled with purple and yellow. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 230.) A deciduous tree, a native of North America. Introduced in 1726, and flowering in July and August. The seed-pods are remarkably long, narrow, and horny. The leaves come out very late, and the flowers appear in August. The tree thrives best near the banks of rivers; but, in some situations, it is very liable to die off by large limbs at a time. The branches dye wool a kind of cinnamon colour. This beautiful tree is a native of North America, where it is found on the banks of rivers in the upper part of the Carolinas, Georgia, and the Floridas; though, as Michaux observes, it is remarkable that it does not exist in the lower part of these provinces. "In these * 4 N 8

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