ART. 54. The Guide to Salis's Claffical Exercifes upon the Rules of the French Syntax. With References to Holder's Chambaud's Grammar. By G. Salis. 8vo. 488 pp. 10s. 6d. Dilly. 1794.

This exercife-book, fays the author, is particularly intended for private tuition, and the ufe of French teachers in fchools, (that is, for the aid of the teacher not the fcholar) the preceding is for public teaching. This feems to us to be fo overcharged with letters and figures of reference, as to perplex rather than aflift the person who Thould attempt to ufe it. The exercifes feem to be precifely the fame as in the former book, but the ûze is fwelled by the additional re. ferences.

ART. 55. Themes François et Anglois; or French and English Exercises, upon the Rules laid down in Holder's Chambaud's French Grammar. 8vo. 174 PP. 3s. bound. Dilly. 1794.

Here the my ftery is cleared up, and the fame English fentences are completely rendered in French. We fhould recommend to thofe who ftudy by themfelves, to work upon the first of the three, and then to confult this, as the answer of the mafter, whether he has rightly performed his talk or not. As Mr. Salis writes for young perfons, it would be better to keeep his own political notions out of fight, and not to intert fuch fentences as thefe, "The La Fayettes and the Baillies are, in my opinion, greater heroes than the Du Guefchlins and the Bayards." "The first functionary, as well as the other citizens, are (is) fubject to the law." We add however with pleasure, that we do not fee many of these instances,

ART. 56. By Authority. The Declaration and Confeffion of Robert Watt, written, fubfcribed, and delivered by himself, the Evening before his Execution, for High Treafon, at Edinburgh, Oct. 15, 1794. Attefted by the Rev. Dr. Baird, Principal of the University of Edinburgh, and the Rev. T. S. Janes, one of the Minifters of Lady Glenorchie's Chapel. With a Print of R. Watt. 8vo. 35 PP. Bell, &c. Edinburgh. 1794

IS.

The confeffion of a dying man is almoft the only fpecies of evidence in which the teftimony of an individual refpecting himself can be in general admitted. Of this nature is the pamphlet before us; and it is capable of anfwering, under the fanction which it profeffes to have received, fome valuable and important ends. The public are here put in poffeffion of force interefting fecrets by the voluntary declaration of this dying criminal; and thofe who have been accuftomed to doubt the reality of our political dangers, will here find data for the correction of their mischievous fcepticifm. We fincerely hope that the exit of this extraordinary perfonage, may operate with a falutary effect upon the minds of the turbulent, and that those who have accompanied him in his crimes may follow him in his repentance.

MEDICINE.

MEDICINE.

ART. 57. Directions for Warm and Cold Sea-Bathing with Obfervations on their Application and Effects in different Difcafes. By Thomas Reid, M. D. F. A. S. 8vo. 74 PP. 2s. 6d. T. Cadell and W. Davies; and P. Burgefs in the Market-Place, Ramfgate. 1795

We have here the refult of the author's experience in the ufe of cold and warm fea-bathing, for the space of ten seasons, during which he has attended at Ramfgate. He begins by giving general directions for bathing, and then specifies the particular cafes for which he has found it ferviceable.

Previously to bathing in the fea, or ufing any other cold bath, the author fays, patients of every defcription fhould take two or three dofes of phytic and if the ftomach is disordered, an emetic, to clear the prima viæ, of any foul matter that may clog them, by which means the conftitution, being freed from an oppreffive load, will be able to produce a reaction, and overcome the fpafm on the fkin, which is invariably occafioned by immerfion in cold water.

Perfons whofe conftitutions are fo debilitated, as not to be able to produce this reaction, which is known to have taken place, by a glow or warmth diffufed over the whole body, coming on immediately on their being taken out of the water, fhould abftain from cold bathing altogether. The author difapproves the custom of drinking fea water, while bathing, although generally recommended. Sea water poffeffes, he fays, no quality fuperior to any other purgative, is a naufeous difagreable potion, and frequently rough in its operation. Sea air and fea bathing have been thought to be almoft fpecific in fcrofula; but the author's experience does not permit him to join in this opinion. He has feen, he fays, great numbers of perfons, affected with this disease, bathe for many months, and even years, with very little effect upon the complaint: although the general health, he ac knowledges, is frequently mended by it. Warm fea bathing he has found much more efficacious. Befides, the diseases in which warm bathing is generally known to be advantageous, the author recommends it in Edematous complaints and incipient dropfy. He relates two cafes of dematous, in which it appeared to be eminently ufeful. But for thefe, as well as his general directions in ufing the warm bath, we refer our readers to the pamphlet, which will be found to contain many useful obfervations.

FOREIGN

FOREIGN CATALOGUE.

ITALY.

ART. 58. Herculanenfium voluminum quae fuperfunt Tomus I. Neapsli, Ex Regia Typographia. 1793. Folio.

Since the difcovery of the ancient MSS. at Herculaneum fo many years have paft, that the literary world, though occafionally reminded that the labours of the Neapolitan Academicians, to develope their contents, were still proceeding, had almost begun to despair of receiving the benefit of thofe exertions. At length an earnest appears of what they are to expect; and it is found that the hope, conceived ariginally with fo much ardour, of looking into a library laid by for upwards of feventeen hundred years, will not wholly be fruftrated. We are very happy to announce the arrival in England of the first ancient Herculanean volume. One copy only was received from Italy, by Mr. Edwards of Pall-Mall, and has been purchased for the library of Chrift-Church, Oxford: but by favour of the purchafer we have feen and examined it, and haften to inform our readers of the nature of its contents.

From the Preface to this volume we learn, that the fucceffion of Charles King of Naples to the crown of Spain, in 1759, interrupted the labours of the Herculanean academy for fome years. Ferdinand, the prefent king, was then a minor, and did not come of age till 1767; and even from that time the defign languifhed, and was almoft extinct, till the year 1787, when the academy was restored in all its energy; and four academicians were appointed to fuperintend the publication of four ancient volumes which had been unrolled. Of thefe four this is the firft, publifhed in the name of the academy at large, but by the particular care of Carolo Rofini; who has, we must fay, proved himself very worthily chofen to execute that arduous tafk. The work here given to the world is the first that was unfolded, and is entitled ΦΙΛΟΔΗΜΟΥ ΠΕΡΙ ΜΟΥΣΙΚΗΣ Δ— the fourth Book of Philodemus on Mufic." The manufcripts is written in Uncial characters, without divifions of words, but with few peculiarities of writing, except what would be expected, the ancient figma C, and the curved epfilon . Nothing can be more complete than the manner in which the MS. is prefented to the reader. It confifts of thirty-eight fragments or columns, befides the title, each copied in a fac fimile engraving, of the exact fize of the original, and expreffing minutely every crack, chafm, and defect of the MS., the precife forms of the letters, &c. fo that to fee the engravings is the fame as to fee the original MS. On the page oppofite to each plate the fame portion of the text is given in common Greek types, with all the deficient letters, or words, which have been fupplied by conjecture, diftinguished by red characters; and in a parallel column a Latin verfion; then follow the

notes

notes of the editor on the fame portion, which are full of erudition, highly illuftrative of the treatife, and affign the reafons of the edi tor for the conjectures he has made refpecting the readings. In this manner it is carried on throughout, extending the whole volume, with the aid of five useful indexes, to 180 pages, befides the preface, of between twenty and thirty.

Philodemus, it is well known, was a celebrated Epicurean, the author of 33 epigrams, now extant in Brunck's Anthology, (one of which is quoted by Horace) and of one first edited here from a Barberini MS. in the Vatican. Two other profe tracts by Philodemus were extant before, περι ῥητορικης and των ὑπομνημάτων περί ρητορικής : and eno ther ἡ των φιλοσοφών συνταξις, mentioned by Athenaus, was actually found at Herculaneum, but unfortunately destroyed by the manner of opening, being the firft on which the attempt was made. The profe of Philodemus is as coarse and inelegant as his epigrams are terfe and neat, being written apparently in hafte, and with all that inattention to ftyle which the Epicureans affected. The prefent tract is entirely a difputation against the Stoic Diogenes Babylonius, tending to refute the extravagant praifes of mufic given by him and his fect. It is perhaps to be lamented that the work thus difcovered is not of more value or importance, but, as the academicians fay in their preface, "fi in vetufti lapidis frufto, in numulo, in laterculo, tantum fæpe momenti eft, ad res cognitione digniffimas è tenebris eruendas, quid expectari par eft ab fatis amplo volumine, ante mille et feptingentos minimum annos, non dicam compofito, fed certè fcripto ?" There cannot but be much of very curious matter, be the fubject what it will.

We cannot better convey to our readers the knowledge of the book of Philodemus, than by extracting the following index of chapters with which we fhall conclude our account.

Index Capitum in quæ partiri textus commodè potuit.

Cap. 1. Nullam effe Muficam que ad animos informandos fit idonea. 2. An Mufica Divinitati colendæ per fe fit idonea? 3. An Mufica aliquid conferat encomiis, hymenæis,, epithalamiis, threnis? 4. De Mufica quæ ludicris certaminibus inferviret, quid fentiendum. 5. An Mufica fuapte naturâ vi movendi polleat? 6. Generali argumento, quod in honore apud veteres fuerit Mufica, obviam itur. 7. An ad amorem Mufica quid conferat? 8. Quid in conviviis præftiterit Mufica? 9. An ad amicitias conciliandas quid conferre queat? TO. Quid de Thaletis, et Terpandri hiftoriolis fentiendum? 11. An Mufica eo nomine fit commendanda, quod religioni vulgo inferviat? 12. An Mufica intellectum acuat, et ad alias fcientias relationem habeat? 13. An Mufica ad virtutes animum difponat? 14. Quid Muficæ nomine fit intelligendum? 15. An Mufica cœleftibus meteoris refpondeat? 16. Num animi affectus immutare queat? 17. An utilitatem mufica pariat? 18. An Muficam Dei invenerint? 19. Quibus de caufis vulgo muficam difcerent?

It cannot be neceffary to tell the learned, that of these questions, many are very curious to a modern reader: but it is particularly remarkable of their general tenor, that they prove the extraordinary effects, by mary ancients attributed to mufic, (to the aftonishment of

modern

modern times) to have been held problematical, even in the days of Philodemus. We hope the curiofity of the learned world will, ere long, be gratified by the importation of more copies of this curious work; and the three remaining volumes will certainly be expected with impatience. The fubjects of those three are not mentioned in this publication.

GERMANY.

ART. 59. Johan. Dav. Michaëlis Zerfreute kleine Schriften gesammelt. Erite Lieferung.-Collection of the fmall pieces of J. D. Michaelis, difperfed in different works. First delivery. Jena. 218 pp. in 8vo. alfo with the following title:

Auswahl zerstreuter vorzüglicher Auffätze theslogisch-philologischen Inbalts. Ein Repofitorium für Theologie u. Bibelstudium.-Selection of valuable Theologico-philological Effays; a Repofitory for Theological and Biblical Students-First Livraison.

As it would now be found extremely difficult to procure many of thefe fmaller pieces of the late celebrated Michaëlis, which were publifhed either in feparate effays, or as parts of journals no longer continued, and, indeed, fcarcely remembered, we are perfuaded that the idea of bringing together fuch of them as might be judged the moft interefting, will meet with that encouragement which it deferves. The articles contained in this firft delivery are, 1. A German tranflation of the Effai phyfique fur l'heure des marées dans la mer rouge, comparée avec l'heure du paffage des Hebreux; and, 2. A Treatife on the Canfes of the Silence in the Mofaic Code on the Subject of the Murder of Children. Goet. Anz.

ART. 60. Paul. Fried. Achat. Nitfch Vorlesungen über die Claffifchen Dichter der Römer. Erfter Band; welcher Varlefungen über die Oden des Horaz enthält-Lectures on the Cloffical Poets of the Romans, by P. F. A. Nitfch. Firt Volume, containing Lectures on the Odes of Horace. Leipfic, LXXIV. and 585 pp. in l. octavo.

ART. 61. Q. Horatii Flacci Libri primi carmen quartum adnotatione perpetua obfervationibus criticis inftructum. Edendorum ejufdem operum fpeciminis loco propofuit Chrift. Jul. Mitfcherlich. Ibid. 36 pp. in 1. octavo.

According to the plan adopted in the firft of these articles, in which the first volume comprizes only the three first books of the Odes, we may naturally conclude, that the work will be extended to a confiderable, and, as it appears to us, an unneceffary length. It includes the obfervations of fome of the latest, and most approved commentators on Horace, as, for instance, thofe of Jazi in Latin, and of Köppen and Bättiger in the German language, accompanied with the author's own remarks, many of which are original, and, on the whole, by no means inferior to thofe in the fociety of which they are placed. Prefixed to the work is a life of Horace, with a lift of the most esteemed

editions