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origin, at least as borne by Elmes and Tanfield it is clearly derived from Mordaunt, as is probably that of Dudley. But the Maiden's head as variously borne by Darcy, Billingham, Rysceby, Estfield, Wytham and Hedworth has been shown with little less than certainty, to have had a common source: whilst as borne by Griffith, Ellis of Overleigh, and ap Thomas, it has obviously not only a common origin, but is connected with the arms of Elys. This success in grouping so many instances justifies the expectation that all might after sufficient research be deduced from the crest of Elys of Kiddall, or from the mermaid as borne by different families. For observation shows that Crests as well as arms were not arbitrarily chosen but followed the same rules of formation. A remarkable case that confirms this generalization is afforded in the crests and arms of the families of Gurney and Shirley. Rob. de Gourney who died 1270, sealed with paly of 6 and a label. His descendant Sir Mathew de G. 18 Ric. II. sealed with these arms and the crest of A man's head sideface crowned. (Gurney's Records of Gournay.) James fil. Sewall. de Shirley temp. Hen. III. sealed

lines, as Sir Wm. Dugdale does in his pedigrees in his Hist. of Warwickshire, when the descent is doubtful, and as modern compilers do, we should be able to distinguish proved from conjectural descents.

We shall now state the facts as gleaned from those unerring records Final Concords, first observing that Tho. de Buketon, who was born 1292, was M.P. 17 Edw. II. and Sheriff for North. 4 and 17 Edw. III., and that all his possessions were afterwards held by Sir Henry Greene. By Fine of 14 Edw. III. Tho. de Buketon, Chevalier, and Johanna his wife (the names of his alleged wives were Lucy and Christiana) conveyed to Henry le Green of Isham [co. North.] junior, the manors of Brampton and Boketon. In another Fine of the same year Thomas de Grene of Isham occurs. We here learn that at this period a family of Green lived at Isham; and Henry Green jun. was evidently the nephew and heir of Sir Tho. de Buketon, on whom he had settled part of his inheritance. Henry de Grene jun. occurs as such four times afterwards viz. 14, 17 and 18 Edw. III. in one case with Amabilia his wife (who was evidently his first wife, as he mar. Catharine Drayton a heiress whose inheritance went to his second son Sir Henry). 25 Edw. III. he occurs without the affix "junior," so his father or uncle of the same name was dead. The ped. requires now no further notice except the remark that Sir Nicholas Green (alleged s. of Tho. de Buketon) whose coh. mar. Culpeper, (who quarters the 3 bucks) is mentioned in a deed of Sir Henry Green the Ch. Justice as his nephew and heir in remainder of some property after the death of his own son Thomas then aged 9 years.

We must now treat of the Greens of Yorks. 1316 Tho. del Grene was one of the lords of the township of Newsholme [in Craven]. (Parl. Writs.) Temp. Edw. I. Hen. Greene of Yorks. was an outlaw. (Inq. p. m.) 1319. Clement del Greene occurs in Yorks. 47 Edw. III. to a ch. of Tho, del Grene of Adyngham is appended the seal of Ric. de Frekelton, a chevron between 3 fleurs de lis. (Harl. MSS. 245, p. 128.) John and Gabriel Greene of Newby bore arg. a chev. betw. 3 fleurs de lis sa. (Harl. MSS. 1394: Vis. of Yorks. 1585.) 8 Eliz. Gabriel Green bought the manor of Horsforth, whose ancestor, Tho. Green of Newsome in Craven is said to have mar. Jane d. and h. of Rob. Horsforth c. 3 Hen. VI. (Whitaker's Hist. of Leeds, p. 214.)] The Greenes of Yorkshire were very numerous, and several pedigrees are given in the visitations, with different arms. Tho. Greene in 1585 (Harl. MSS. 1394) bore argent on a cross engrailed gules 5 crescents or, on a chief azure 3 bezants. This is evidently the coat borne by those

with paly of 6 a canton ermine: Sir Tho. de Shirley 33 Edw. III. sealed with these arms and the crest of A man's head couped and barbed and a band round his forehead. (Dugdale's Warw.) This remarkable coincidence of arms and crest infallibly indicates a common origin for both, which must be sought at least early in the reign of Hen. III. Yet their respective pedigrees as known show no connexion at any time.

The mention of this Crest leads to the consideration of the MOTTO attached to the arms of Elys of Lepton as given in p. 60 viz. Huic habeo non tibi. This as yet known is only met with in Harl. MSS. 1487 and was evidently not written at the same time as the pedigree, though by the same hand. No other family bears it but Newton of Mickleover, co. Derby, and as their crest is a naked Saracen kneeling holding a sword, it seems at first sight that both had some affinity with the Ellis crest and motto. But investigation dispels any such notion, and is instructive as showing how legends arise, and how credulous heralds and their clients were in former times.

In 1567, Sir John Newton, of East Harpetre being “uncertain of his crest" had assigned to him "the crest of Sir Auncell Corney [Sir Anselm Gourney] knt. which Sir A. C. as it

of Horsforth, of whom a ped. is given in the same Vis. with the remark “ non probat arma:" but in the Vis. of 1666 the arms given to this family are argent a cross engrailed gules, which must be the same coat as the above, but by error only partially blazoned. But the antiquity of this coat as fully described above is shown by its occurring as a quartering in the shield of Layton of whom Tho. L. living 6 Hen. VI. mar. Elinor d. and h. of Hen. Greene. (Vis. Yorks. 1585-1612; Harl. MSS. 1487.) Precisely the same arms are assigned in the Dictionaries as a coat of Barnaby; but doubtless erroneously; for in Add. MSS. 18,581, p. 196, they are given as the arms of Greene of Barnaby, Tho. G. s. and h. of Wm. having bought the manor of Barnby on the Don 5 Eliz.. (Hunter's South Yorks.) And a ped. of three descents of Greene of Stanlich co. Wilts with these arms is given in the Vis. of that county 1565-1623. (Harl. MSS. 1443.)

How and when did this coat arise? Analogy suggests that the Elys arms must have undergone 2 or 3 changes of colours and form before this was composed. An intermediate change was probably Argent on a cross engrailed gules 5 crescents arg. which is given in the Dictionaries as the coat of Green of Norfolk. 3 Edw. II. Rich. atte Grene was owner of the manor of Green's Hall in the par. of Rougham in that county. 1345, Henry atte Green occurs. And persons of the name had considerable property in the county, including families who bore the 3 bucks for arms. Of course according to the custom explained at p. 237, a coat containing 5 crescents on a cross might have been derived from any two families who bore them separately; but it is remarkable that as yet examined all such arms seem traceable, from some collateral circumstance, to Elys of Kiddall. The Crest borne by the descendants of Sir Henry Greene here, as in the case of the Welch families mentioned, affords a clue of kindred that cannot be disregarded. And there is a peculiarity about the bearing of the cross and 5 crescents. In Glover's Ordinary (Harl. MSS. 1392) not more than a dozen instances are given of crescents borne in any way with a cross, whilst about 40 are borne with a fess and 50 with a chevron. Arg. on a cross moline sa. 5 crescents arg. are there given as a coat of COPLEY, and as this family had property in Berwick in Elmete, a match with Elys probably introduced the crescents.

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doth appeare by divers ancient evidences and other monuments of the said Sir John N. was at the wynninge of Acon with King Richard I. when he took prisoner a king of the Moors,' etc. etc. The crest accordingly granted to him was "a King of the Moors armed in male crowned gold, kneeling on his left knee, rending up his sword." (Bristol Vol. of Arch. Assoc.) This Mr. Gurney justly designates an "heraldic fable." Now, Sir John Newton though descended from the Gourneys had no ancestor named Sir Anselmn G. though there were several of that name. The only Gourney known to have been at the Crusades was Gerard de G. of the Norfolk family.

The Crest of the Moor's or Saracen's head in various guises is borne by upwards of a hundred families and almost invariably side-faced. It is unquestionably an ancient one as many seals temp. Edw. III. testify; and it was borne in that reign by half-a-dozen knights of the garter. A Saracen's head was borne as arms by one of the ancient Welch Princes. There is no doubt like the Maiden's head it was adopted in most cases by one family from another, and was no exception to the usual course as before mentioned followed in assuming a crest. There is no more reason to suppose it had a crusading origin (except perhaps in a very few instances, or originally) than it has been shown there is to assign one to arms with crosses, crescents and escallops.*

As the Newtons of Mickleover were only collaterally related to Sir John N. the crest they bear which is not in the Visitations of Derbyshire could not have been derived from him except by adaptation. The motto is not recorded as borne by any family of Newton.

An appropriate Motto to be adopted by the ELLISES of the present day, presumed descendants of the Knightly Families of ALIS of Allington, FITZ-ELYS, and ELYS of Kiddall would be

Fuimus.

The Chapters on Crests Badges and Supporters, Mottos, and Historical Arms [or Arms of Traditional Origin] in Mr. Lower's instructive work Curiosities of Heraldry contain an amusing collection of armorial legendary tales. Were these chapters expanded into an elaborate enquiry into the history of their subjects, as afforded by authentic Documents and Memorials illustrated by engravings from cotemporary seals, a desideratum in Heraldic Literature would be supplied, that as a work of Art and archæological research the Public would doubtless appreciate.

Edward the Black Prince in his will, 1376, bequeaths "la sale [hangings of a hall] de worstede embroudez avec mermyns de mier et la bordure de rouge et de noir pales et embroudez de cignes avec testes de dames, et de plumes d'ostruce."

On the Norman Family of De la Mare.

During the 12th, 13th, and 14th centuries this was one of the most widely spread, wealthy, and powerful families of the kingdom, next to the nobility, and occupied a distinguished position amongst those of knightly rank. According to Mr. Stapleton they took their name from the great fief of La Mare at St. Opportune, arrondissement of Pontaudemar, their castle being built on piles near the lake, called Grand Mare. Wm. de Mara and Hugh de Mara are mentioned in Domesday; their parentage, descendants, and possessions have been considered and stated in No. I., and it was there shown that their father was Robert Normannus the Marshal, owning lands in England temp. Edw. the Confessor, and that his sons were also called Fitz-Norman.

We have here to consider some additional facts relative to this family that strengthen the opinion formed in No. I. that the Wm. de Mara Wm. fitz-Normant and Wm. Alis of Domesday were one and the same person. The foregoing chapter indeed, on heraldic grounds, confirms this view.

"The parish of Marr" says Mr. Hunter (South Yorks. i. 359) "was a member of the parish of Adwick, and the church of modern foundation." It is mentioned in Domesday, and the superior lord was Roger de Busli. There is no doubt this place received its name from the Norman family of De la Mare, for its subsequent owners can be identified with members of the descendants of Wm. de Mara of Domesday. A ch. of Wm. Paynell, temp. Hen. II. is witnessed by Jordan de Marr, Philip s. of Jordan de Marr, etc. (Paper by Mr. Stapleton in York vol. of Archæol. Inst.) The same persons occur as benefactors to Roche Abbey. (Hunter's S. Yorks.) Robert de Mara and Jordan his br. occur 1 John, as does Wm. de Marre of Ryndecumbe. (Rudder's Gloucest.) Hugh de Marr who by Agnes his wife had Adam and Agnes was a benefactor to Selby Abbey. Adam and Hugh de la Mara occur in the Pipe Roll 1155-8. In Lansd. MSS. 207A ad finem are several charters of the family of De la Mara respecting property in the "villa de Mara" above. There is one of Robert de la Mar to his s. Peter, witn. by Alan de la Mare and Richard his br. [evidently the Sir Alan of p. 245]. There are two of Peter "made 2

* In the Roll of Arms 1307-18, four knights of the family are mentioned, each with different bearings.

+ Hugh fil. Will. fil. Normanni is mentioned in the Pipe Roll 1131 as Censor of the Forest of Dean. He then paid for the old Debts, the land and office of his father. Robert and Henry de Mara in the same year paid for the lands and office of their deceased father. Hugh occurs in 1166 as Hugh fil. Will. Forestarius.

years after the martyrdom of Tho. à Becket" witnessed by Richard de la Mara, Rob. de Mara and Alan de Mara.

Wm. de Mara is mentioned in the Pipe Roll 1131 for Yorks. as "homo" of Stephen Earl of Brittany. The latter gave the wood of Danby-Parva to St. Mary's York. Wm. de Mara gave them a carucate of land in Danby. Wm. de la Mare de Bretville in 1166 held one knight's fee in Yafford and Danby Wisk of the Honour of Richmond. (Gale.) 15 Edw. I. Hugh de la Mare held 4 bovates in Yafford; Ric. Bretvill 1 car. and 3 bovates of Bawdwin de B. and Baldwin held them and other 3 car. of the Earl, and the Earl of the King. (ibid.) 3 Hen. III. the King retains of the fees of the Honour of Richmund 3 held by Radulph de Mara and by John de Mara in Linc. (Close Rolls.) A charter of Wm. s. of Alan de la Mare in the Brit. Mus. (Harl. Ch. xxvii. 34) mentions lands that he held of the Earl of Richmund.

Whether the Wm. de Mara of 1131 and 1166 were the same person we have no means of knowing, but his description de Bretville" indicates a connection with Hampshire. Gilbert de Bretville was a considerable Domesday tenant in Hants and Wilts. and in Oxon. he held two large manors "ad firmam " "de feudo Willielmi Comitis" de Bretville, the feudal superior of Wm. Alis. It would seem that De Mare mar. a heiress of Bretville and added the latter name to his own, though in the Liber Niger, families of De Bretville are mentioned in Devon and Beds. The Arms of Bretville of Danby were gules 6 billets ermine 3, 2 and 1, as quartered by Grimston in respect of the match of Wm. Danby esq, with Cath. d. and h. of John Bretvilie. A similar coat is given in Charles' Roll, temp. Hen. III. for John de Mare, viz. azure, billetty or, a crescent of the same, and John de Wallop bore gules billetty or, an inescotcheon voided ermine.

We think the foregoing facts considered in conjunction with others before mentioned countenance the presumed identity of Alis and De la Mare, and further, show the probability that Conan fitz Elias was descended from the family of Wm. de Mara vassal of Stephen Earl of Brittany.*

*In No. I. p. 23 the family of DAMORY is treated of, and derived (by the Irish Peerage) from Wm. Delmari of Domesday. No authority is given for this descent. The family bore the arms and owned some of the Domesday lands of "Gilbert" (Bassett.) Gilbert Daumari 15 Hen. II. had livery of his lands at Winford, co. Somerset. where "Roger" held 4 hides 1086. This Roger might have been Roger br. of Hugh de Mara who occurs 1119. Roger de Amar occurs as witn. in Oxon with Radulph fil. Roger (perhaps his son) and Robert de Amar, 1129. The latter is the Robert de Mare who was alive and dead 1131. (Pipe Roll, Oxon.)

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