under General Scott, September 13th, 1847. It was painted originally for the Committee-room of Military Affairs of the House, a fact which explains the curve of the upper

corners.

Facing the stairs on the next or Gallery floor, hangs a full-length portrait of *Washington, by Charles Wilson Peale. The portrait was begun in 1778, when Washington was forty-six years old, but was not finished until after the battles of Trenton, Princeton and Monmouth. At the latter place, Washington suggested that a good background for the picture was afforded by the view from the window of the framehouse where they then sat. Accordingly Monmouth Court-House was added, together with a party of Hessians leaving under guard of American troops. Later Old Nassau College was also included, at Princeton, where the painting was finished. A replica, now in Versailles, was executed by the artist in fulfilment of a commission from Louis XVI through Lafayette.

The Gallery corridors extend around the four sides of the Senate Chamber, excepting at the northwest corner, which is reserved for the use of members of the Press. The doors on the outer sides of the corridors open into various committee rooms; those on the inner sides give entrance to the various sections of the Senate Gallery. În a niche in N. wall of E. Senate corridor is the marble bust of Vice-President Thos. R. Marshall (1913-21), by Moses A. Wainer.

The Senate Chamber is a spacious hall, 113 ft. long and 80 ft. wide, inclusive of the galleries which extend around the four sides. The space beneath these galleries is occupied on the north side by the Senate Lobby (p. 73); on the other three sides by cloak-rooms for the Senators. The floor area is thus diminished to 84 by 51 ft. The height of ceiling is 36 ft. The walls are of marble and are paneled by pilasters grouped in pairs. The doors, desks and chairs are of mahogany. Note especially the high-backed and richly carved chair of the President of the Senate, presented originally to Vice-President Hobart. The ceiling is flat and constructed of iron girders inclosing broad panels of stained glass, the designs symbolizing: War, Peace, Union, Progress and the various Arts, Sciences and Industries.

History. In the Senate Chamber every four years, on March 4th, the Vice-President-elect takes the oath of office which is usually administered by the retiring Vice-President in the presence of the President, the President-elect and

members of the Senate and the House. This ceremony takes_place__immediately before the inauguration of the President. In this chamber are ratified all treaties made by the United States with foreign powers. Here, in March, 1868, began the famous impeachment trial of President Johnson, culminating, on May 16th, with the President's acquittal. It was in the Senate Chamber that the funeral of Chief Justice Chase took place, May 12th, 1873; and here also the funeral ceremonies of Charles Sumner, March 13th, 1874.

The visitor should note that there are no portraits, paintings or mural frescoes in the Senate Chamber. This is in accordance with a unanimous resolve passed, Feb. 15th, 1884, to the effect that "no paintings or portraits be placed upon the walls of the Senate Chamber." The set of marble busts of former Vice-Presidents, described below, was specifically authorized by a resolution passed May 13th, 1886.

The Gallery of the Senate Chamber completely surrounds the four sides, and is partitioned off into eight sections; four occupy the middle of their respective sides and the other four the corners. *The Ladies' Gallery is in the S. corridor; the Men's Gallery occupies two sections at the S. W. and N. W. cors.; the Diplomatic Gallery is in the middle of the S. side, directly opposite the Press Gallery, which is above and behind the desk of the President of the Senate; in the middle of the E. end is the Senator's Gallery. The remaining two sections are marked "Reserved Gallery." While Congress is in Session, access may be had during the early morning hours to all these galleries excepting that reserved for the Press, the only entrance to which is through the private Press rooms. This is the only time when the visitor has an opportunity to examine at close hand the series of marble busts of the first twenty Vice-Presidents of the United States, some of which are of admirable workmanship. They do not run in chronological order but, starting on the middle of the N. side, have been added alternatively R. and L. The following is a list of these busts, from L. to R., including date of office, sculptor and the respective section of the gallery including each:

Press Gallery (North Wall, center): 1. John Adams, 1789-97, by Daniel Chester French; 2. Thomas Jefferson, 1797-1801, by Moses Ezekiel (1844-1917); Reserved Gallery: 3. George Clinton, 1805-13, by Vittorio A. Ciani (1858-1908); 4. Daniel C. Tompkins, 1817-25, by Charles H. Niehaus; (East Wall) 5. Martin Van Buren, 1833-37, by U. S. J. Dunbar; Senator's Gallery: 6. John Tyler, 1841, by William

C. McCauslen; 7. Millard Fillmore, 1849-50, by H. J. Ellicott; Ladies' Gallery: 8. John C. Breckinridge, 1857-61, by James P. Voorhees (1855—); (South Wall): 9. Andrew Johnson, 1865, by William C. McCauslen; 10. William A. Wheeler, 1877-81, by Edward Clark Potter; Diplomatic Gallery: II. Thomas A. Hendricks, 1885-89; by U. S. J. Dunbar; 12. Chester A. Arthur, 1881, by Augustus Saint-Gaudens; Men's Gallery: 13. Schuyler Colfax, 1869-73, by Frances M. Goodwin; 14. Hannibal Hamlin, 1861-05, by Franklin Simmons; (West Wall): 15. William R. King, 1853-57, by W. C. McCauslen; Reserved Gallery: 16. George M. Dallas, 1845-49, by H. J. Ellicott; 17. Richard M. Johnson, 1837-41, by J. P. Voorhees; Men's Gallery: 18. John C. Calhoun, 1825-33, by Theodore A. Mills; (North Wall): 19. Elbridge Gerry, 181317, by Herbert Adams; 20. Aaron Burr, 1801-05, by Jacques Jouvenal (1829-1905).

In South Corridor, East Wall, are two historical paintings by John Blake White, of Charleston, S. C. (1781-1850): 1: The Battle of Fort Moultrie, Fought and Won June 25, 1776; 2. Sergeants Jasper and Newton rescuing American Prisoners from a Squad of British, near Savannah, Ga.

South Wall: 1. Portrait of Hon. Henry Latimer, M.D.; by Clawson S. Hammitt; 2. Portrait of Hon. James Latimer, by Hammitt (both presented by Mary R. Latimer).

In the E. Corridor, facing the E. Grand Stairway, hangs The Recall of Columbus, by Augustus George Heaton (b. 1844), painted in 1883, and reproduced on the 50c. postage stamp of the Columbian series of 1893.

North of the stairway is a spacious Lobby, with windows on E. overlooking the Plaza, and door on W. opening into the gallery reserved for Senators' families and friends. This lobby contains a number of interesting portraits and busts. From R. to L., beginning on S. wall: 1. Count K. K. Pulaski, marble bust, by Henryk Dmochowski (1810-63); 2. Charles Sumner, bust, by Martin Millmore (1844-82); 3. Garibaldi, bust, by Giuseppe Martegana; E. Wall: Zachary Taylor, bust, Artist Unknown; 5. (above) James J. Garfield, mosaic portrait, by Antonio Salviati (1816-90), best known as having revived the making of Venetian glass at Murano, 1860) 6. Aysh-ke-bah-ke-ko-shay, "Flat-Mouth," a Chippewa Chief, bust, by Francis Vincenti; 7. (above) Abraham Lincoln, mosaic portrait, by Salviati; 8. Be-sheck-kee, Indian marble bust, by Vincenti; N. Wall: 9. Tadeusz Kosciuszco, marble bust, by H. D. Saunders (pseudonym of Henryk Dmochowski); 10. Gen. John A. Dix, portrait by

Imogene R. Morell (d. 1908); Gen. Dix is best remembered for his famous order, "If anyone attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the spot!" II. *The Florida Case before the Electoral Commission, Feb. 5th, 1877, by Mrs. Cornelia Adele Fassett (1831-98), painted from life sittings in 1877-79 in the U. S. Supreme Court Room, and portraying a session of the Commission appointed to decide the disputed Hayes-Tilden Presidential Election; 12. Abraham Lincoln, bust by Mrs. Sarah E. Ames (1817-1901); a replica is in the State Capitol, Boston, Mass.

To the N. of this lobby is a smaller Hall, from which a Ladies' Retiring Room, with woman attendant, opens on the R. This Hall contains two celebrated paintings by Thomas Moran (b. 1837): E. Wall, The Chasm of the Colorado; W. Wall, The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone; bought by the Government for $10,000 each; S. Wall, Table Rock, Niagara, by F. Regis Gignoux (1816-82); Thomas Crawford, marble bust, by Tommaso Gagliardi.

A noted picture, which formerly hung in this room, is The First Fight of Ironclads, by William F. Halsall (b. 1841), representing the battle between the Monitor and Merrimac. It was purchased by the Government in 1877, at a cost of $15,000, and formed the only exception to the rule that no reminder of the Civil War should be displayed in the Capitol. This painting is now (1922) temporarily in storage and not on exhibition.

The visitor may now return to the East Stairs (of Tennessee marble); above the middle landing hangs The Battle of Lake Erie, by William Henry Powell (1824-79); this picture represents Commodore Oliver B. Perry transferring himself and his flag, while under fire, from his disabled flagship, the Lawrence, to the Niagara, Sept. 13th, 1813. The original and much smaller painting was executed by Powell in 1863 for the State Capitol, Ohio; this enlarged replica was ordered by Congress, at a cost of $25,000. It is said that the faces of the sailors were copied from former wellknown employees about the Capitol.

Facing the foot of the staircase is a Marble statue of Benjamin Franklin, by Hiram Powers (1805-88), the cost of which was $10,000.

North of this staircase, on the main floor, the E. corridor leads to a handsome hallway forming the east approach to the Senate Chamber. This hall contains sixteen *Fluted