The Cathedral Close is open daily to the public from sunrise until sunset; the buildings are open for inspection excepting during the hours of divine service.

The visitor entering from Wisconsin Ave. should note to W. of entrance the Braddock Stone, a granite boulder bearing the following inscription:

"This memorial was erected in 1907 by the Society of Colonial Wars, in the District of Columbia, to mark the road over which on April 14, 1755, a division of the British army under General Braddock marched on its way to Fort Duquesne."

Just beyond, on L., is the quaint old Parish Church of St. Albans, much modernized; its numerous memorial windows all have recent dates. Here, in 1898, the remains of the Rt. Rev. Thomas John Claggett, the first Bishop consecrated on American soil, were temporarily placed, pending completion of the Cathedral Crypt, where they now lie; and at the same time the original tombstones of Bishop Claggett and Mary Claggett, his wife, bearing the inscription composed by Francis Scott Key were set in the Chancel wall.

The small dwelling opposite on the S. is the Rectory. In the center of the sloping open space beyond, toward the E., stands the Peace Cross, an Iona cross of stone 20 feet in height. It is around this Cross that the custom of Sunday open-air services has been established, and such are the natural acoustic properties of the spot that 25,000 persons can hear every word of the service and sermon. For the purpose of these services the base of the Cross has been extended on the W. side into a sort of pulpit, its inlaid pavement consisting of stones from the Holy Land, the central stone bearing the word "Salem,” signifying Peace. Beyond the Peace Cross is the Landmark, commemorating the freedom of the Cathedral land from debt and bearing on its surface a sundial so constructed as to mark the different seasons of the Christian year. To the R. stands a quaint little Gothic structure, consisting of the Little Sanctuary or chapel of the Boys' school, and a gateway known as All Hallow's Gate, leading to the Choir school for boys.

The *LITTLE SANCTUARY contains a number of highly prized relics and gifts.

1. The Jerusalem Altar, the joint gift of various American dioceses and congregations (see bronze tablet on opposite wall). The stones of which the altar is made are limestone rock from the so-called "Quarries of Solomon," the entrance to which is just outside the Damascus Gate of Jerusalem; 2. the Glastonbury Cathedra, made of stones from Glastonbury

Abbey in England, an ancient Abbey which once bore the name of St. Peter and St. Paul, and which, according to tradition, was founded by Joseph of Arimathea; 3. The Book of Remembrance and the Hilda Stone. The Book of Remembrance, containing the names of the benefactors of the Cathedral, is enclosed in a stone receptacle on the S. side of the Chancel, and the top stone closing this receptacle comes from the ancient Abbey of St. Hilda at Whitby, England; 4. The Iona Stone, a gift from the Lord Bishop of Argyle and the Isles. It comes from the choir of the ancient Iona Cathedral, founded A. D. 565 by St. Columba, whose dying words are inscribed upon the stone: "They who seek the Lord shall want no manner of thing that is good"; 5. The Canterbury Ambon, or stone pulpit, made of stones from Canterbury Cathedral, England. The Ambon is 10 feet high and, inclusive of the stone steps, about 14 feet in length. At its angles are four statuettes representing the four men most closely associated with the history of the English Bible: y. King Alfred the Great; 2. John Wycliffe; 3. Lancelot Andrews, Bishop of Winchester, most prominent translator of the King James version; 4. Westcott, Bishop of Durham, one of the leaders in producing the revised version.

Between these figures are three bas-reliefs representing from L. to R.: 1. The Venerable Bede dictating on his deathbed his translation of the Gospel of St. John; 2. Archbishop Stephen Langton handing the Magna Charta to King John for his signature; 3. The marytrdom of William Tyndale. In a frieze above these sculptures are recorded the names and dates of the principal English versions of the Bible.

6. The Altar Paintings. The four Altar paintings in the Chancel of the Little Sanctuary represent, respectively, St. Matthew, St. Mark, St. Luke and St. Andrew (Edward Satterlee, artist); they were originally placed in the Sanctuary of Calvary Chapel, New York City.

The National Cathedral School for Boys, in the S. W. cor. of the Cathedral Close, was established by a bequest of $300,000 by Mrs. Harriet Lane-Johnston, niece of President Buchanan, for the purpose of constructing a building to be known as the Lane-Johnston building in memory of her twɔ sons who died in boyhood. The special purpose of the bequest, as explained in Mrs. Lane-Johnston's will, "while not restricting the general objects of said school," is to provide for the free maintenance, education and training of choir boys, primarily for those in the service of the Cathedral. The corner

stone of the Boys' school was laid in 1905, and the school opened Oct. 7, 1909.

The visitor retracing his steps northward past the Peace Cross continues between St. Alban's Church on the L. and the recently erected Bishop's House on the R., known as the Mabel Murray Memorial, and turning to the E., reaches the Baptistry, containing the *Jordan Font. This building is a temporary structure, erected to protect the costly and beautiful Font from injury, and also to enable it to be used when required. The permanent Baptistry will form part of the Cathedral structure, and will adjoin the S. W. cor. of the Nave. The Font, 15 feet in diameter, is one of the few Baptismal Fonts that have been built since the rise of Christian art of sufficient size to allow for immersion, and testifies to the right of every Christian to have this sacrament administered by immersion as well as by pouring.

The Font, octagonal in shape, is wrought from pure white Carrara marble. In the center stands the figure of the risen Christ, holding on his left arm a little child, symbolizing his command to St. Peter: "Feed my lambs." The interior of the Font is lined with stones gathered from the River Jordan in 1903, under the supervision of Mr. Herbert E. Clark, U. S. vice-consul at Jerusalem.

The eight exterior panels of the Font contain bas-reliefs recording the principal events in the life of Christ, in the following order: a. The Nativity; b. The Baptism; c. The calling of the Apostles; d. The Crucifixion; e. The Resurrection; f. The Ascension; g. The Day of Pentecost; h. The coming of Christ to ransom his own at the Judgment Day. Eight apostolic figures stand at the respective corners of the octagon, and with one exception (namely, St. Jude) include all the writers of the New Testament: a. St. Peter; b. St. Paul; c. St. John; d. Joseph of Arimathea (who gave his sepulchre for the entombment of Christ); e. St. James of Jerusalem; f. St. Mark; g. St. Matthew; h. St. Luke. At present an iron screen prevents the visitor from making a complete tour of the Font without special permission.

The site of the Cathedral lies almost due. E. At present the only completed portion is the **Bethlehem Chapel, situated in the crypt directly beneath the Apse of the Cathedrai. This chapel has been pronounced one of the most perfect adaptations of 14th century Gothic to the purposes of crypt architecture that have been executed in modern times. It should be noted that the main axis of the Cathedral does not

lie directly E. and W., but at a slight angle, chosen so that the rays of the rising sun will enter the east windows on the traditional day of Christ's Ascension, May 4th. Beneath the pavement lie the remains of Rt. Rev. Thomas John Claggett, D.D., consecrated Bishop of Maryland at Trinity Church, New York, Sept. 17, 1792, being the first Bishop of any Christian body to be consecrated on American soil. Immediately E. of Altar is the tomb of Henry Yates Satterlee, 1843-1908, who was consecrated in 1896 first Bishop of Washington. The tomb is of English alabaster, designed by IV. D. Caroe, London.

The first object which commands the visitor's attention upon entering is the Altar, with its finely carved Reredos. This Altar is erected directly above the Foundation Stone of the Cathedral. This stone was quarried in a field adjacent to the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem and is inscribed with the text, "The Word was made flesh and dwelt among us."

The central panel of the Reredos represents the Nativity of Christ; to R. and L. of this panel are figures representing the four Evangelists, St. Matthew, St. Mark, St. Luke and St. John. Surrounding the Reredos is a border representing the conventionalized "Holy Thorn of Glastonbury."

The chapel contains a number of richly colored windows made by Kempe & Co., England. The subjects, beginning on the N. side, are as follows: 1. The Old Testament prophecies of the Messiah, comprising the Prophet Micah and the Prophet Isaiah, each with their words of prophecy. Between these two figures is the genealogy of the Christ as given in the Gospel according to Luke; 2. The "Gloria in Excelsis" window, showing the Angel appearing to the Shepherds; 3. The "Ave Maria" window, representing the Annunciation; 4. The Epiphany window, representing the Adoration of the Wise Men; 5. The "Nunc Dimittis" window, showing the Presentation in the Temple. The light over the N. door represents the Visit of the Virgin Mary to St. Elizabeth, and that over the S. door represents the Naming of St. John the Baptist.

In the N. W. cor. of the grounds is situated the National Cathedral School for Girls, the gift of Mrs. Phoebe A. Hearst. The cornerstone of this building, laid in 1899, is inscribed with these words: "For Christ and His children. That our daughters may be as the polished corners of the Temple."

VII. Georgetown

Historic *Georgetown (Pl. III-DI), now legally a part of Washington, lying on the W. bank of Rock Creek, comprises approximately the territory bounded by the Potomac River on the S., T St. on the N. and the grounds of Georgetown College on the W. Reached by Pennsylvania Ave. and F St. Lines.

History. Georgetown (originally written George-Town) was created by an Act of the General Assembly of Maryland which, in 1751, authorized five duly appointed Commissioners to lay out a town on the Potomac River, above the mouth of Rock Creek. The original sixty-acre tract selected by the Commissioners formed part of a patent of 705 acres, called the "Rock of Dumbarton," issued November 18th, 1703 by Henry Darnell, "Keeper of the Great Seal of the State of Maryland," to Col. Ninian Beall (p. 471).

Georgetown obviously did not owe its name to George Washington, then a lad of nineteen, nor is there evidence that it was so called in honor of King George of England. The original sixty acres were the property of two Georges; namely, George Beall and George Gordon. But if, as has been suggested, the town was named after them, it was an undeserved honor, since their refusal to sell forced the Commissioners to condemn the land, which was appraised at 280 pounds currency. The offer of this sum, together with the privilege of selecting two lots each, was eventually accepted, although Beall did so under protest:

"My acceptance of said lots, which is by force, shall not debar me from future redress from the Commissioners or others, if I can have the rights of a British subject. I ask no more. God save King George."

The original sixty acres constituted the limits of Georgetown for upward of thirty years, after which came, in rapid succession: 1. Beall's Addition (1783), 61 acres: 2. The Beatty, Threlkelt and Deakin's Addition (1785), 20 acres ; 3. Beall's Second Addition (1789).

Georgetown was incorporated December 25th, 1789. The first three Mayors were: Robert Peter (p. 239), Thomas Beall and Uriah Forrest; the early Aldermen included: Dr. Charles Worthington, a friend of Washington, and Thomas Corcoran, father of William W. Corcoran.

At the time of the establishment of the District of Columbia the only built-up centers within or near its limits were: 1. The comparatively remote Alexandria (p. 512); 2. The sleepy old village of Bladensburg (p. 414), lying just outside the boundary line; 3. Georgetown, a place already of considerable importance both socially and financially, being a thriving port of entry, constituting the head of navigation on the Potomac; while its local aristocracy represented some of the best blood of Maryland and Virginia. It naturally followed that during