called "Peace of God," although what the artist meant to symbolize is not definitely known.

Beside the church is the monument to Matthew G. Emery (1818-1901), the last Mayor of Washington.

*Fort Stevens, the only one of the city's chain of fortifications during the Civil War that was called into action, is situated on the L. of Georgia Ave. (formerly 7th St. Pike), in the old village of Brightwood, about a mile and a half beyond the Soldiers' Home (p. 432). Take 9th St. car marked either "Brightwood" or "Takoma Park."

Brightwood in ante bellum days was the summer home of the Blairs, the Lees, the Blagdons and other prominent Washington families; also of Alexander R. Shepherd, the "father of greater Washington."

Leaving the car at Madison St., just S. of the village centre, the visitor sees on his R. an old-fashioned country residence, standing on an eminence in the centre of spacious grounds. This is Emery Place, once the country home of Matthew Gault Emery, the last Mayor of Washington. It was subsequently acquired by William Van Zandt Cox (nephew of Sunset Cox) who, prior to 1900, purchased the ground occupied by Fort Stevens, in order to preserve and eventually make it a Government reservation. During the Civil War, Emery Place was used as a signal station, and also as headquarters of Generals D. W. Couch and F. A. Walker.

A few hundred feet N., on W. side of Georgia Ave., at corner of Rock Creek Ford Road, is a hotel occupying the site of the headquarters of General McCook during Early's raid. On W. side of road, just S. of a small white wooden church, is a vacant lot, the site of the Barracks and Officers' quarters used by Union troops, and also as hospital during the battle of July 12th, 1864.

Just beyond, on L., are the public school house and (crowning a high embankment twenty feet above street level) the Emery Memorial Church. The main portion of Fort Stevens is in the rear of this church, and is reached through the school-yard, on N. side of school, then N. through lane, and W., past a row of two-story wooden dwellings. The church occupies the S.E. extension of the fort, and the curving terrace on the Ave. side is part of the old Fort bastion.

Although these historic ruins have been sadly neglected, it is even now easy to trace a large part of the perimeter, with the help of a faded diagram framed on the outer wall

of the westernmost house in the above-mentioned row. Midway on the northern bastion, reinforced at this point with concrete, is the Lincoln Bowlder, recently marked by the erection of a bronze tablet. The place was identified by General Wright as the spot where President Lincoln stood, exposed to the fire of the enemy, during the battle of Fort Stevens, July 12th, 1864.

History. Fort Stevens was built soon after the first battle of Bull Run, chiefly by General D. N. Couch's brigade; and because two out of its four regiments were the 7th and 10th Massachusetts, it was originally called Fort Massachusetts. It later received its present name in honor of Brig.-General Isaac Ingalls Stevens of Massachusetts, killed at Chantilly, Va., September 1st, 1862.

This fort was 1egarded as the key to the defenses of Washington. It had an armament of nineteen guns and was officially described as "a powerful and satisfactory work." It had a perimeter of 1125 ft., and was 321 ft. above mean tide. Within the enclosure were two magazines, a bomb-proof and block house.

During the battle President Lincoln stood by the side of General Wright on the parade, exposed to sharp shooters. General Wright maintained that, as Commander of the Fort, he was responsible for the President's safety, and must insist that he should retire behind shelter, but Lincoln claimed his rights as Commander-in-Chief. This was the only battle in which any President of the United States was ever present and exposed to fire. General J. C. Breckenridge, the candidate for President who had received the votes of the seceding states, was also a spectator of this battle, expecting to enter the Capital with the Army of North Virginia. The fight had lasted only a few minutes when the stream of bleeding and mangled soldiers began to come to the rear. The little brigade of Union troops numbered only 1,000 men when it went into action, of whom 250 were lost. The Commanding officer of every regiment in the brigade was either killed or wounded.

About one thousand feet N., at the N. W. cor. of Georgia Ave. and Piney Branch Road, stands a comfortable wooden residence built and occupied by a veteran of the Fort Stevens battle, on the site of the old Toll-Gate House, occupied by General Early's picket line, and marking the nearest approach of the Confederates to Washington.

A few hundred feet N., on E. side of Georgia Ave., is the small Battle-Field Cemetery in which are buried forty of the fifty-four soldiers who fell in the battle of Fort Stevens. The entrance is flanked by two old cannon mounted on brick piers. On R. of entrance is a small stone lodge on the wall of which is a bronze tablet inscribed with Lincoln's Gettysburg Address.

On R. of entrance, facing the highway, are four monuments commemorating the fallen soldiers of the four regiments that took part in the battle; (S. to N.): 1. Memorial erected by the State of New York in honor of the 25th N. Y. Volunteer Cavalry; 2. Memorial in honor of "98th Regt. P. V. 1st Brig. 2d Div. 5th Corps"; 3. "To the gallant

sons of Onondaga Co., N. Y.-122d N. Y. V."; 4. The Ohio Memorial to "Co. K 150th O. N. G. I." The names of the dead are in each instance inscribed upon the side or rear faces of the stones.

The forty graves form a circle in the centre of the cemetery plot, marked by small marble head-stones.

North, on W. side of Georgia Ave., opposite Butternut St., is the entrance to the grounds of the Walter Reed Army General Hospital, named in honor of Dr. Walter Reed, 18511902, Surgeon (Major), U. S. A., who risked his life in demonstrating that the yellow-fever germs were communicated to man through the medium of mosquitoes. The group of buildings within this Government reservation comprise the hospital, the residences of the medical officers and dormitories of the nurses.

About 100 ft. from the entrance stood the Sharpshooter's Tree, used as a signal station by the Confederate army; and also occupied by their sharpshooters during the attack on Fort Stevens. In its last days this old tree was a gaunt wreck, with all its limbs reduced to stumps, and its trunk (circumference approximately 18 ft.) completely overgrown with vines. It was blown down Dec. 9, 1919.

The Takoma Park trolley line here turns E. on Butternut St. three blocks, then one block N. to its terminal at Cedar St. Takoma Park is one of the new and rapidly developing suburbs of Washington, and the new western portion is crowded with attractive bungalows.

The one historical interest, however, is the Second Northeast Boundary Stone of the District, easily reached as follows: Walk E. on Cedar St. under the bridge of the Baltimore and Ohio branch road; then where the streets fork keep to the right on Carroll St. to Maple St. The Boundary Stone is on the W. side of Maple St., 150 ft. N. of Carroll St., close beside the end post of the fence enclosing the corner lot.

III. Connecticut Avenue from Rock Creek Bridge to Chevy Chase

The extension of Connecticut Ave., W. of Rock Creek Bridge, leads through some of the most fashionable suburban residential sections, to Chevy Chase Circle, on the District borderline-a distance of approximately 31⁄2 mi.

Just N. of Calvert St., where the electric car line rejoins Connecticut Ave., on W. side, is Woodley Park (Pl. III-C2), a high class residential section which preserves the memory of the home of Philip Barton Key, uncle of the poet Francis Scott Key.

The elder Key was brother-in-law of Gen. Uriah Forrest, who with Maj. Benjamin Stoddert (once. Secretary of the Navy) jointly owned the large tract of land N. of Georgetown and W. of Rock Creek, known as Rosedale (see p. 455). Woodley was part of the Rosedale estate.

Facing on Woodley Road, S. side, is the WARDMAN PARK HOTEL. (Pl. III-C2-No. 71), one of the largest and most recent of Washington's residential hotels. It numbers among its guests [1922] three members of the Cabinet: Albert B. Fall, Sec. of the Interior; Henry C. Wallace, Sec. of Agriculture; and Harry M. Daugherty, Atty. Gen.; three Senators and 15 Representatives. Here also are the offices of two Legations, Portugal and Salvador.

At Jewett St., just N. of Woodley Park, E. side, is the western entrance to the National Zoological Park (Pl. III— C2), (p. 444). Continuing N. to the point where Klingle Road crosses the Ave., we pass on L., Cleveland Park, another residential section, which takes its name from the fact that former President Cleveland had his summer home here at "Red Top." Adjacent to Cleveland Park was "Twin Oaks,” the former summer home of Gardiner G. Hubbard, late president of the National Geographical Society.

Half a mile N., on Pierce Mill Road, we reach the Bureau of Standards (Pl. III-BI-No. 14). This is a Bureau of the Department of Commerce, charged with the custody of the standards adopted or recognized by the Government, and employed to verify those used in scientific investigations, manufacturing, commerce, and in educational institutions. Visitors interested in technical or scientific research are welcome.

Hours: 10 a. m. to 2:30 p. m. on week days; in summer time the Bureau closes on Saturdays at I p. m.

The functions of the Bureau of Standards include not only the custody and comparison of standards, both of measure and of quality, but also the construction, when necessary, of standards, their multiples and subdivisions; the testing and calibration of standard measuring apparatus; the determination of physical constants and properties of materials, when such data are important to scientific or manufacturing interests; and other investigations as authorized by Congress. The Bureau is permitted to charge a reasonable fee for all comparisons, tests or investigations, except those performed for the U. S. Government or for State Governments.

The Library of the Bureau, dating from 1901, is devoted entirely to physics, technology, chemistry and mathematics. Open 9 a. m. to 4 p. m. daily, except Sundays and holidays. Visitors are welcome to consult books not available in the general libraries of the District.

Directly E. of the Bureau of Standards, on opposite side of Connecticut Ave., is the Academy of the Holy Cross, a Catholic institution for young women, under the auspices of the Sisters of the Holy Cross. Further E., on Upton St., stands the GEOPHYSICAL LABORATORY of the Carnegie Institution (Pl. III-B2), devoted to the investigation of questions relating to the formation of rocks and minerals under the abnormal pressures and temperatures existing in the interior of the earth. Still further N. we pass, on L., suburb formerly

known as Tenallytown (later Tenleytown). On its upper border is the closely built-up modern section of Reno. Half a mile beyond we reach CHEVY CHASE CIRCLE (Pl. III—A1), situated on the boundary line, approximately three miles S. W. from the corner of the District. Following Belt Road a few rods S. W. from the Circle we reach (in turf of Golf Course on R. side of road) the Third Northwest Boundary Stone, dedicated by the D. A. R. Oct. 14, 1915. Belt Road was so named in honor of Col. Joseph Belt, original patentee of Chevy Chase, to whom the Belt Boulder was erected by the Society of Colonial Wars in 1911, in the grounds of All Saints' Episcopal Church, Chevy Chase Circle. The inscription reads:

"Colonel Joseph Belt (1680-1761), Maryland. Patentee of Chevy Chase. Trustee of first Free Schools in Maryland. One of the founders of Rock Creek Parish. Member of the House of Burgesses. Colonel of Prince George's County Militia during the French and Indian War."

In the immediate neighborhood of Chevy Chase are numerous golf courses, including those of the Columbia Country Club, the Chevy Chase Club and the Kirkside Golf Club (see p. 28).

The first road on R., beyond the District line, leads to the historic tract long known as Clean Drinking Manor, a name derived from a particularly clear spring on the estate. The first owner was one John Coates who, in 1680, received a Crown grant of 1400 acres. This property was inherited by a granddaughter, who married Charles Jones, better known as "Uncle Charlie" Jones, famous for his hospitality. Clean Drinking Manor, erected in 1750, entertained Washington on his way home to Alexandria from Fort Duquesne in 1755. Here Postmaster Monroe took refuge when driven from Washington by the British; and here at a later date, Clay, Webster and Calhoun were welcome guests. IV. Massachusetts Avenue from Rock Creek to the

District Line

Beyond Sheridan Circle, MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE bends almost due northwest, crosses Rock Creek, a few rods N. of Oak Hill Cemetery (p. 479), and continues about 3 mi. to the District Line, passing the Naval Observatory, the Washington Cathedral and the grounds of the American University. Since there is no trolley line on the lower section of Massachusetts Ave., the visitor must either motor out, or go first to Georgetown and take a Wisconsin Ave. Car, which turns off onto Massachusetts Ave. opposite the Cathedral Close.

The U. S. Naval Observatory (Pl. III-C1) is situated in Observatory Circle, about 4 mi. beyond Rock Creek, on S. side of Massachusetts Ave. (there is also an entrance from