marble rectangular pylon of classic design, 15 ft. in height, occupying the center of an ornamental fountain and serving as a background for a colossal bronze statue of John Paul Jones. On the rear façade of the pylon is a large bronze bas-relief panel depicting the Commodore in the act of raising the American flag on the historic ship, the Bonhomme Richard. The statue is 10 ft. in height; the right hand is clenched, while the left grasps a sword. For this statue Congress appropriated $50,000. C. H. Niehaus, sculptor; Carrère & Hastings, architects.

Inscriptions. North façade: "1747-92, 'First to compel a foreign Man-of-War to strike colors to the Stars and Stripes.' South façade: respectively above and below bas-relief panel:

I. "Surrender? I have not yet begun to fight!"

2. "In life he honored the flag. In death the flag shall honor him."

John Paul Jones (1747-92), born in Scotland, was, at the age of twelve, apprenticed to a shipmaster; at seventeen he had risen to second mate; and at twenty-one to sea Captain. His real name was John Paul; the "Jones" he assumed after he came to America. In the American Revolution he was First Lieutenant at the age of twentyeight; and Captain at twenty-nine. Later, at the age of forty-one, he was Rear Admiral in the service of Russia. He died in Paris at the age of forty-five and was buried in the St. Louis cemetery for foreign Protestants. His remains were brought to America in 1905, and reinterred within the grounds of the Naval Academy at Annapolis.

VIII. The Lincoln Memorial

**THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL, erected by the United States according to the Act of Congress, approved Feb. 9, 1911, and dedicated with impressive ceremonies May 303, 1922, is situated in the western section of Potomac Park, half a mile W. of the Washington Monument, on the new main axis of the Mall (p. 240) approximately at its intersection with the axis of 22d St. W. It is a stately rectangular structure of white marble, on the classic order, and stands upon a series of terraces which rise 45 ft. above the surrounding grade of Potomac Park. The first terrace is circular, 1,000 ft. in diameter, and on its outer edge stand four concentric rows of trees, leaving a central plateau 755 ft. in diameter, supporting a rectangular stone terrace-wall 14 ft. high and 256 ft. long by 186 ft. wide. Upon this second terrace rise three large marble terraces, like a giant stairway, the top level forming a platform 204 x 134 ft. On this rectangular base rest a series of 13 plinths or steps, typifying the original 13 States; and crowning these is the Memorial Hall itself. attaining a total height of 144 ft. above the park level.

History. The choice of the present site for the Lincoln Memorial dates back to 1901 when the Art Commisison's plans for beautifying Washington were submitted to the Senate District Committee, and by that Committee reported to Congrgess. These plans were professedly and actually a reinstatement of the L'Enfant plan of 1792, so enlarged as to bring into the arrangement Potomac Park, thus extending the main axis for approximately a mile to its meeting with the Potomac, and providing for a great Rond Pont, to be surmounted "by a Doric structure commemorating the one man in our national history who is worthy to stand with Washington." The first practical step toward the accomplishment of this plan was when the late Senator Shelby M. Cullom introduced in a Senate a bill providing for the erection of the Memorial at a cost of $2,000,000. The Commission of Fine Arts reaffirmed its choice of site, together with the landscape features of the 1901 plan, and recommended that Henry Bacon be chosen as architect. Recently Mr. Charles Moore recorded in his biography of Daniel H. Burnham:

"The design by Mr. Bacon was adopted by the Lincoln Memorial Commission and has been carried out in the most thorough manner.

The landscape features as planned by the Senate Park Commissioner in 1901 are being carried out in detail. The only disturbance to the plan has been caused by erecting within the area devoted to the Memorial a series of factory-like buildings for war purposes-buildings which must be removed before the Lincoln Memorial can take its rightful place among the monumental structures of all time."

At the dedication ceremony, on Decoration Day, 1922, the only speakers were President Harding, Chief Justice Taft, Edwin Markham and Dr. Robert R. Moton, Principal of Tuskogee Institute. In presenting the Memorial to the President for the American people, Chief Justice Taft defined it as:

"A shrine at which all can worship, an altar upon which the supreme sacrifice was made for liberty; a sacred religious refuge in which those who love country and love God can find inspiration and repose."

The Memorial building, constructed throughout of white Colorado marble, rests upon a base 188 ft. long, by 118 ft. wide, the outer edge of which supports a Doric colonnade of 36 columns, typifying the states constituting the Union at the time of Lincoln's death. This surrounds the wall of the Memorial Hall, which rises through and above it; and at the top of the wall is a decoration, supported at intervals by eagles, and consisting of 48 memorial festoons emblematic of the 48 states of to-day. The names of the states and their dates of entry are inscribed along the cornice. The Doric columns are not monoliths, but composed of 11 drums, each of the drums at the base weighing 22 tons. Some idea of the huge proportions of the Memorial as a whole can be gained from the statement that it is slightly larger than either of the Capitol wings.

The interior hall is a chamber 60 ft. wide by 135 ft. long, and its walls and floor are of colored marbles. It is lighted partly by the great front opening, and partly through translucent panels of marble. The ceiling, 60 ft. high, is

supported by massive bronze beams. Screens of Ionic columns divide the interior into one central hall 70 x 60 ft., and two side halls 37 x 57 ft.

In the central hall, facing the entrance, which opens eastward towards the Capitol, is the colossal seated statue representing

Lincoln Triumphant, by Daniel Chester French. It took the sculptor four years to produce it, and is probably the largest statue ever carved. It measures 19 ft. from the pedestal to the top of the head, and 30 ft. from the floor level. The head itself measures 3 ft. from chin to top, and the great arm chair in which Lincoln is seated, is 121⁄2 ft. high. The whole statue weighs, without the pedestal, 150 tons, and composed of several sections, since it was manifestly impossible to quarry a single block of marble large enough for the entire work. The piece from which one leg was cut weighed between 20 and 25 tons. The head measures 5 ft. from chin to top. The material is Georgia marble, and the cutting was done by Piccirilli Bros.

Over the head of Lincoln is the following inscription:

IN THIS TEMPLE

AS IN THE HEARTS OF THE PEOPLE

FOR WHOM HE SAVED THE UNION
THE MEMORY OF
ABRAHAM LINCOLN

IS ENSHRINED FOREVER

In the side halls, on N. and S. walls respectively, are huge bronze tablets upon which Lincoln's two great speeches, the Gettysburg Address and the Second Inaugural Address are inscribed in full. Filling the wall space beside and above these tablets, are two symbolic mural paintings of majestic probations, by Jules Guérin, who devoted three years to their production. Each of these mural decorations is on a canvas measuring 60 ft. long by 12 ft. wide; weight 600 pounds; cost of canvas $400. The principal figures are 81⁄2 ft. high. These murals commemorate the two great services accomplished by Lincoln: namely, I. EMANCIPATION; II. REUNION. decoration on the south wall, above the Gettysburg Address, typifies the abolition of slavery, showing Angel of Truth giving freedom to the slaves as the shackles of bondage fall from arms and feet. The subordinate groups represent Civilization and Progress. On the northern wall, above the Second Inaugural Address, the Angel of Peace is uniting the hands of the North and the South. The subordinate groups here represent progress in the Arts and Sciences.

The

WASHINGTON NORTHEAST

I. North Capitol Street

(From the Capitol Grounds to Michigan Avenue)

NORTH CAPITOL STREET, one of the thoroughfares radiating from the Capitol, and marking the cardinal points, extends from North B St. to Michigan Ave., a distance of approximately 21⁄2 miles. From B. to E Sts. several city squares were cleared of buildings prior to 1917, to make way for the proposed northern extension of the public park system, to be known as Capitol Park.

The western section of the new park, between B and C Sts., contains an historic site, for it was here that George Washington acquired two lots and erected houses on them, which survived him for more than a century.

The site of these houses was on the W. side of North Capitol St., midway between B and C Sts., and was described in Washington's will, dated July, 1779, as "original lots numbered 10 and 12 in square 634,' which were purchased by him for $963 with the condition that he "should build two brick houses, three stories high each" on them. One of these houses he intended for his winter residence, but did not live to complete it. These houses were subsequently reconstructed as a hotel and known first as the Hillman House. Later the name was changed to the Washington Inn, finally demolished in 1913.

This same section of the park was used in June, 1917, for the encampment of the Southern Confederate Veterans during the first reunion ever held by this organization in Washington. Later, during the World War, a still larger area was appropriated for the so-called "Government Hotels" (Pl. I-E2), three-story concrete barrack-like structures, to provide economical housing for Uncle Sam's host of young women warworkers. These hotels were run by the Government, mostly at a financial loss, the charge averaging between $35 and $40 a month for room and board. The crucial need being over, a movement is in progress to have these encroachments on park property removed.

Facing the park, on the W. side of North Capitol St., midway betw. D and E Sts., is the Continental Hotel (p. 4); and directly N., at N. W. cor. of E St., is the Capitol Park. Hotel (p. 4). W. on E St. south side, is the recently opened Grace Dodge Hotel conducted under the auspices of the Y. W. C. A., and named after the late Grace Hoadley Dodge (1855-1914) formerly president of the National Board of that organization.

The hotel is managed entirely by women, and no man is allowed above the first floor. There are valeting rooms on each floor, a vanity parlor and a shampoo basin, at which women can wash their own hair. There are accommodations for women with small children, including rockerless cribs and heaters for milk bottles.

The new *City Post Office (Pl. I-E1), situated at the N. E. cor. of North Capitol St. and Massachusetts Ave., and adjoining the Union Station on the E., is a classic structure in the Roman Ionic order of architecture, the material being mainly Tavernelle marble from Vicenzia, Italy. It was erected in 1912 (D. H. Burnham & Co., architects).

The cost of the land was $300,000, which was more than doubled by the expense of filling in the sunken lots. The foundations required 115,000 cubic ft. of Bethel (Vt.) granite, and 5000 tons of steel were used in the shell of the building.

The main façade is on Massachusetts Ave., and consists of fourteen Ionic columns rising through three stories. with an additional pair of columns in each of the corner pavilions. All the panels between the columns, throughout the three stories of this façade, are of bronze. The columns are surmounted by a cornice and attic. Graven upon the former are two inscriptions:

I. (Eastern corner), "COURIER OF NEWS AND KNOWLEDGE, INSTRUMENT OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY, PROMOTER OF MUTUAL ACQUAINTANCE, PEACE AND GOOD WILL AMONG NATIONS."

II. (Western corner), "MESSENGER OF SYMPATHY AND LOVE, SERVANT OF PARTED FRIENDS, CONSOLER OF THE LONELY, BOND OF THE SCATTERED FAMILY, ENLARGER OF THE COMMON LIFE."

The piquant interest of these inscriptions lies in the fact that they are an instance of unintentional collaboration by two distinguished men. At the request of the architects, Ex-President Eliot of Harvard furnished the original text which, in accordance with the requirements in case of an inscription on any Government building, was turned over to Secretary Tumulty for approval. The latter, unaware of the authorship, submitted it to President Wilson, whose felicitous alterations may be seen by comparison with the original version: I. "Courier of News and Knowledge, Instrument of Trade and Commerce, Promoter of Mutual Acquaintance Among Men and Nations, and Hence of Peace and Good Will." II. "Courier of Love and Sympathy, Messenger of Friendship, Consoler of the Lonely, Bond of the Scattered Family, Enlarger of the Public Life."

The two main entrances are through the E. and W. pavilions. Note, flanking the approaches, the two pairs of massive bronze lanterns which, like all the bronze work in the building, were executed by the Gorham Company. Note