offer was accepted, and in return the congregation was given the use of the Senate Chamber for Sunday services.

The old church bell, said to be the first in the city, and later transferred to the present edifice, was cast in a foundry established by Paul Revere, near Boston. Dr. Shippen, one of the later pastors, says:

"Down to 1861 this bell was rung for public purposes. I am informed that it tolled a requiem for John Brown on the day of his death. Thenceforward it was denounced by some as an abolition bell, and in the exciting times of 1861 its use by the city authorities was discontinued."

This earliest church was attended by two Presidents, John Quincy Adams and Millard Fillmore. The second structure, dedicated as All Souls', in place of the earlier name of First Unitarian, was attended for many years by President Taft, who before his election occupied a rear seat near the N. W. cor. The Presidential pew was No. 27, 3d pew on L. of South aisle (the Sexton explaining that this change of pews was necessary, "to keep the congregation from turning their heads to look at the President").

At M St., 14th St. is interrupted by Thomas Circle, where Massachusetts and Vermont Ave. intersect. In the centre of the Circle stands a monument* to Gen. George H. Thomas (1816-70). This statue, in bronze, of heroic size (19 ft.), and considered one of the finest equestrian statues in this country, was erected with great ceremony in 1879, by the Society of the Army of the Cumberland (J. Q. A. Ward, sculptor). The total cost was $65,000, to which the forenamed Society contributed $40,000. The balance, furnished by Congress, paid for the cost of the pedestal, including the bronze ornamental lamps, and insignia of the Army of the Cumberland.

General Thomas was a West Point graduate, who had fought in the Seminole and Mexican Wars, and had been an instructor at West Point. From Major of Volunteer Cavalry he rose to Major-General in the regular army, and is remembered as the "Rock of Chickamauga," and hero of Nashville.

At the N. apex of 14th St. and Vermont Ave. stands the statue of Martin Luther (p. 221).

At 14th and N Sts. is the Lutheran Eye, Ear and Throat Infirmary. Just N., at No. 1321, is the Northern Dispensary and Emergency Hospital.

At 14th and S Sts. is the Washington City Orphan Asylum. Here during 1866-67 the State Department was temporarily housed, and here, in 1867, the purchase of Alaska was arranged.

Beyond this point there is nothing of interest to the casual visitor.

e. The Numbered Streets West of Sixteenth Street

SEVENTEENTH STREET NORTH FROM PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE. Passing the old Corcoran Art Gallery (p. 194), we reach, at H St., S. W. cor., the five-story club-house of the Metropolitan Club, the wealthiest and most fashionable of the social clubs in Washington. According to the constitution it was organized “for literary, mutual improvement and social purposes." Diagonally opposite, at the N. E. cor. of 17th and H Sts., is the Richmond Hotel (p. 4.), where Senator George F. Hoar formerly lived. Between I and K Sts. 17th St. passes Farragut Square, crossing Connecticut Ave. (p. 222); for historic houses at intersection with I and K Sts., see pp. 235 and 237.

North of this point there is little to interest the tourist. At the S. E. cor. of P St. stands the Plymouth Congregational Church. Just E., No. 1620 P St., is the house in which Prof. Simon Newcomb, America's greatest astronomer, lived and died.

East of 18th St. on Rhode Island Ave. is St. Matthew's, one of Washington's leading R. C. churches. At the S. W. cor. of N St. is the former residence of Justice Stanley Matthews (served 1881-89). East on N St., No. 1775, was the residence of Elihu Root, while Secretary of War, and later the home of Senator Chauncey M. Depew. No. 1734 N St. was formerly the Uruguay Legation.

West on N St., No. 1810, is the house in which Theodore Roosevelt resided while Assistant Secretary of the Navy. Just beyond, No. 1820 N St., formerly housed the Swedish Legation.

No. 1323 18th St. is the residence of Robert Lansing, former Secretary of State. The house at the N. E. cor. of P St. was once the home of former Secretary of the Treasury, Daniel Manning. Opposite, at N. W. cor. of P St., is the home of Miss Mabel Thorp Boardman, of world-wide distinction for her services in behalf of the Red Cross Society. East on P St., No. 1763, was the home of Mollie Elliott Sewell, the novelist.

Midway between P and Q Sts., at S. E. cor. of 18th and Church Sts., is the attractive little P. E. church of St. Thomas. It contains a number of fine memorial windows:

Over Altar, "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth," Genesis 1, 1 (13 panels). Nave, S. side: 1. St. Hilda; 2. St. Aidan (memorial window to Maj. E. K. Webster, U.S.A., 1852-1911); 3. St. Augustine; 4. Queen Bertha; 5. St. Colomba; 6. St. Patrick;

7. St. Alban; 8, Joseph of Arimathea. Nave, N. side; 1. Venerable Bede; 2. St. Swithin; 3. Stephen Langton; 4. William Laud; 7. Queen Anne; 8. Bishop Seabury. In vestibule, N. window: "Many shall come from the East," (three panels). S. window: "Thomas said, 'My Lord and my God.' St. John xx, 28 (three panels).

On the E. wall of the N. transept is a memorial tablet to Archibald Gracie, commemorating his rescue from the steamship Titanic, April 15th, 1912, and also the fact that, shortly before his death the following December, he "proclaimed in this church that his rescue was due to the power of prayer."

At the N. E. cor. of 18th and Q Sts. is the house in which John Lee Carroll, former Governor of Maryland, lived and died.

Midway between Q and R Sts., on Corcoran St., No. 1806, is the Argentine Embassy (1922).

East on 18th St., at No. 1759, is the home of Thomas Nelson Page, formerly occupied by the Italian Embassy. No. 1742 R St. is the residence of Brig.-Gen. Ernest A. Garlington, who commanded the Greely Relief Expedition in 1885.

Half a mile further N., at the intersection of 18th and Columbia Road, is the site of the ill-fated Knickerbocker Theatre, which during a severe blizzard in Jan., 1922, suddenly collapsed upon the audience during progress of a performance, killing approximately 100 persons. A new theatre is now (May, 1922) in course of erection.

NINETEENTH STREET NORTH OF PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE. No. 1215 19th C., between M and N Sts., is the house in which Theodore Roosevelt resided while Civil Service Commissioner. No. 2001 19th St., at N. E. cor. of U St., is the Chinese Legation (1922). The edifice was designed by B. Stanley Simmons.

On the north-and-south streets W. of 19th St. there is little of interest to the stranger.

f. I Street

The only lettered streets in the residential section which offer sufficient attractions to the visitor to require separate sections are I and K Sts. Whatever points of interest are to be found in the other lettered streets to the north will be found in the chapters devoted to the nearest adjacent avenues or numbered streets.

Aside from the squares E. of 3d St. (see North Capitol St. Section, p. 356), there is nothing to interest the visitor until we reach the N.E. cor. of I and 13th Sts., where the Garfield Apartment House, facing Franklin Sq. (p. 237), occupies the site of the home of James A. Garfield while a member of Congress.

No. 1415 I St. is the former home of Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite (1816-88). At the N. E. cor. of I and 15th Sts. is the Bellevue

Hotel (p. 5). No. 1535, a red-brick dwelling with mansard roof, was the residence of James G. Berret, Mayor of Washington during the Civil War.

I St. now crosses 16th St. (p. 199). No. 1614 I St. was formerly the Ecuador Legation. No. 1617 is the former residence of the late George W. Riggs, for many years partner of W. W. Corcoran. It is now occupied by his daughters. No. 1631, now included in the site of the Army and Navy Club, was the home of Benjamin F. Tracey while Secretary of the Navy, and the scene of the tragic fire in which Mrs. Tracey lost her life.

No. 1634 I St. is now occupied by the American Association of University Women, which was recently obliged to vacate its first Washington home, the Stockton House, when the latter property was acquired by the Chamber of Commerce of the United States (p. 222).

The American Association of University Women was formed in Boston in 1882 for the purpose of opening educational opportunities to women. Today it represents eighty colleges and universities and its membership numbers many thousands. The purchase of a national headquarters was authorized at the biennial convention in St. Louis in 1919. The money for alterations and furnishings of the club house was raised by gifts and loans from college women throughout the country. $15,000 for the furnishings was pledged by the alumnae of six of the larger colleges, while those of Wellesley College gave the furnishings of the large lounge on the ground floor. The reception room was furnished by the daughters of former Secretary Lamont in the name of Elmira College, and to the memory of their mother, who occupied the house for many years. All of the furnishings and memorials were removed from the Stockton House and will occupy corresponding positions in the Association's new home.

No. 1708 I St. was, in the early 80's, the residence of PostmasterGeneral Timothy O. Howe. No. 1710, former residence of Mrs. Stanley Matthews. No. 1711, former residence of Paymaster-General Watmough, U. S. N. No. 1720, residence of Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes. No. 1728, once the home of Charles Goodyear, inventor of vulcanized rubber.

The Frelinghuysen House, a dignified old mansion with Corinthian columns, was successively the home of four Cabinet officers: Theodore Frelinghuysen, and William M. Evarts, while respectively Secretary of State; William C. Whitney, as Secretary of the Navy; and John Wanamaker, as Postmaster-General. Subsequently it was acquired by S. S. Howland, son-in-law of August Belmont. No. 1736 was the last residence of Jefferson Davis in Washington.

No. 1801 I St., at N. W. cor. of 18th St., was built by Marshall Brown, father-in-law of Richard Wallach, Mayor of Washington. Here was held the first International American Conference, at which the Pan-American Union was established. The United States delegates included James D. Blaine and Andrew Carnegie.

Nos. 1809-13 are occupied by the Friends' Meeting House and School. No. 1826 was the residence of the late Rear Admiral Schley. No. 1828 was formerly (about 1878) the Austro-Hungarian Legation. No. 1829 was for about ten years (until 1902) the Russian Embassy.

At 20th St., Pennsylvania Ave. intersects I St. obliquely, dividing the broad open rectangle thus formed into two triangular parks. On the N. side of this rectangle stands No. 2005 I St., former home of General T. B. Rucker, U.S.A., father of General Sherman's widow. No. 2013, residence of Admiral Selfridge. No. 2015, residence of General Robert Macfeely, U.S.A. No. 2017, now the home of the new Arts Club, of which the sculptor H. K. Bush-Brown is president. The building was occupied for a short time by President Madison after he left the Octagon House (p. 209), and later by Monroe while Madison's Secretary of State.

Opposite, across the park, at No. 2018 St., is the house of Prof. Cleveland Abbé (b. 1838), who in 1869 inaugurated daily weather forecasts, and became widely known as "Old Probs."

g. K Street from 11th Street to Rock Creek

K St., W. of 11th St., has many interesting associations and contains the former homes of more distinguished people than any other one of the lettered streets.

No. 1101, at N. W. cor. of 11th and K Sts., is the Strathmore Arms, former home of Mrs. Mary J. Lockwood, author of "Historic Houses in Washington." No. 1141, former home of John M. Wilson, once Superintendent of Public Grounds and Buildings and Chief of Engineers, U.S.A. At the S. W. cor. of 12th St. is the parsonage of the New York Avenue Presbyterian Church (p. 231). Opposite, at No. 1203 K St., was the home of Commander A. S. Wadsworth. Here his nephew, Henry W. Longfellow, stayed when visiting Washington in 1839. No. 1211 was successively the home of the French and the

Belgian Legations.

K St. here passes Franklin Park (on S.). The large red brick dwelling at the N. W. cor. of K and 13th Sts. was the Mexican Legation at the close of the Civil War; subsequently it was occupied by the Netherlands Legation, and was, for a time, the home of Senator Roscoe Conkling. No. 1303, immediately adjoining it, was the home of Supreme Court Justice Noah H. Swain (1804-84). No. 1307 is the house used for the meetings of the Joint High Commission, which framed the Treaty of Washington, settling the Alabama Claims; and here the treaty was signed May 8th, 1871. No. 1311 is the house built by Ben Holiday, who operated a Pony Express across the continent before the Union Pacific Railway was built. Later it was successively the home of J. W. Noble, Secretary of the Interior, and of Justice Howell E. Jackson.