Liver Cancer: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter I -- Plant Polyphenols for Prevention and Therapy of Liver Cancer -- Brahma N. Singh,1 Braj R. Singh,2 Shi W. Jiang,3 and Harikesh B. Singh1* -- 1Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India -- 2DNA Research Chair, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia -- 3Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine at Savannah, Savannah, Georgia, USA -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Risk Factors of HCC -- 2.1. N-Nitrosodiethylamine -- 2.2. Viral Hepatitis B (HBV) and/or C (HCV) -- 2.3. Aflatoxins -- 2.4. Alcohol -- 2.5. Others -- 3. Tumour Markers of HCC -- 3.1. (-Fetoprotein (AFP) -- 3.2. Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) -- 3.3. Des-(-Carboxy Prothrombin (DCP) -- 3.4. Glypican-3 (GPC3) -- 3.5. Golgi Protein 73 (GP73) -- 3.6. Growth Factors or Cytokines -- 3.7. Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) -- 3.8 Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 -- 3.9. (-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) -- 3.10. (-L -Fucosidase (AFU) -- 3.11. Others -- 4. Polyphenols Are Miracle Agents -- 4.1. Classification of Polyphenols -- (a) Hydroxy-Benzoic Acid -- (b) Hydroxy - Cinnamic Acids -- (c) Flavonoids -- 5. Polyphenols and their Targets for Prevention and Therapy of Liver Cancer -- 6. Polyphenols and HCC -- 6.1. Apigenin -- 6.2. Quercetin -- 6.3. Tea Ployphenols -- 6.4. Trans-Resveratrol -- 6.5. Gallic Acid -- 6.6. Silymarin -- 6.7. Morin -- 6.8. Others -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter II -- Mechanisms of Hepatocarcinogenesis: A Dialogue Between Exogenous Factors and the Endogenous Response -- Jordan C. Woodrick and Rabindra Roy* -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1. Infectious Causes -- 1.1. HBV -- 1.1.1. Virology -- 1.1.2. HBV Genomic Integration -- 1.1.3. HBV Proteins: HBx -- 1.1.3a. General.