Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation: Its First Fifty Years, Plus Three: A MonographGreek physicians knew that electricity healed, so they applied electric fish to their patients. In Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation, Its First Fifty Years, Plus Three, Dr. Ray Smith shows that modern physicians also know that electricity heals. The first meta-analytic summary of the majority of studies of cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES)a non-drug treatment of micro pulses of electricity applied across the head treating anxiety, depression and insomnia, Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation is a staple for physicians contemplating the use CES in their practice, or for patients investigating the uses of CES." |
Contents
Foreword | 13 |
Executive Summary | 17 |
Introduction | 19 |
Sleep Studies | 25 |
Depression Studies | 31 |
Anxiety Studies | 37 |
Cognitive Function Studies | 45 |
Drug Abstinence Syndrome Studies | 51 |
Explanation of Study Designs | 57 |
Safety of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation | 69 |
Possible Mechanisms of Action | 71 |
The Clinical Protocol for the Use of CES | 89 |
References | 97 |
About the Author | 109 |
Common terms and phrases
17 Clinician's 60 Self Rating Abuse Scale Double acupuncture adaptogen analysis Anxiety Studies Average Effect Biological Psychiatry Blind Abuse Double Blind Abuse Scale Blind Single Blind Withdrawal body brain cerebral chronic stress Clinical Outpatients Open Clinician’s Rating clinicians cognitive confusion correlation scores cranial electrotherapy stimulation Crossover Current Therapeutic Research cytokine Depression Studies device dopamine Double Blind Drug Abstinence Syndrome Effect Size effect-size electrical Electrosleep therapy Electrotherapeutic endorphin fibromyalgia Fibromyalgia 60 fibromyalgia patients Insomnia Blind Double Measures Double mechanism of action ment meta-analysis monograph neurons norepinephrine normal overall percentage improvement Pain Patients Physiological Measure placebo effect Poly Substance presenting syndrome Profile of Mood protocol Psychiatric 20 R.B. Smith response Rosenthal Scale Double Blind Single Blind single blind study Sleep Studies Study Design Substance 60 substance abuse patients SUMMARY symptoms synchronicity Table three weeks tion tive Totals transcranial treatment Discussion vesicles Zr scores